• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2007

죽상경화증(atherosclerosis)의 예방과 치료를 목적으로 조성된 새로운 한방처방인 WK-38을 웅성과 자성 랫트에 투여하여 급성독성을 평가하였다. WK-38은 대황 (大黃, Rhei Rhizoma), 후박 (厚朴, Magonoliae Cortx), 목단피 (牧丹皮, Moutan Cortex Radicis)의 복합물로 구성되었다. 실험동물에게 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg 또는 2,000 mg/kg을 경구로 투여한 후 2주간 치사, 임상증상 및 체중증가 등을 관찰하였다. 투여된 WK-38모든 용량에서 사망하는 개체는 없었다. 일시적이나 용량 의존적으로 WK-38투여 군에서 혈루 (eye bleeding), 코피 (nasal bleeding) 및 귀에 충혈현상 (hyperemia) 이 관찰되었으며, 이러한 현상은 투여 후 3시간 이내에 소실되었고, 이후 14일 동안 특이한 임상증상은 없었다. 관찰 기간 중 시험동물의 체중의 증가, 육안적 부검소견, 뇨검사 모든 지표에서 WK-38 투여군과 대조군간의 차이가 없었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.466-474
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• 2013

Despite the reports on safety concerns regarding the relationship between aluminum salts and neurological and bone disease, many countries continue to use aluminum as phosphate binders among patients with renal failure. In search for a diet supplement that could reduce aluminum toxicity related to renal failure, we carried out this prospective animal study in which the fenugreek seeds were assessed for their effects on rats nephrotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride ($AlCl_3$). Oral $AlCl_3$ administration during 5 months (500 mg/kg bw i.g for one month then 1600 ppm via drinking water) led to plasma biochemical changes, an inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a decrease of total antioxidant status (TAS), and an induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the blood and brain, in addition to kidney atrophy and morphological alterations at the level of Bowman's capsule, the glomerulus and different sorts of tubules, reminiscent of some known kidney disease. The treatment with the whole fenugreek seed powder (FSP) (5% in the diet) during the last 2 months showed its effectiveness in restoring normal plasma values of urea, creatinine, ALP and glucose, as well as re-increasing the TAS, inhibiting LPO and alleviating histopathological changes in the injured kidneys. This study highlights the induced nephrotoxicicity, as well as the related toxicity in the brain and bone, by chronic oral ingestion of the aluminum salts. However, the maintenance of a diet supplemented with fenugreek seeds could offer protection for the kidney, bone and brain, at the same time.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2010

Objective : The objective of this study was to evaluate the single dose oral toxicity of Hwangryundaedok-tang extract in ICR mice. Methods : 0(control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg of Hwangryundaedok-tang extracts were orally administered to 20 male and 20 female ICR mice. After single oral administration of Hwangryundaedok-tang extract to ICR mice, we observed number of the death, clinical signs, changes of body weights for 14 days. After 14 day of Hwangryundaedok-tang extract administration, all mice were sacrificed and major organs were observed. Results : Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic signs in the mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, necropsy findings and hematological values in all treated groups(1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg). Conclusions : $LD_{50}$ value of Hwangryundaedok-tang extracts may be over 5000 mg/kg and it may have no side toxic effect to ICR mice.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2003

Statement of problem : Resin cements were used widely on all ceramic crowns, but the influence of resin cements on biocells was not understood clearly. Purpose : This study was investigated to evaluate the biocompatibility of resin cements for all-ceramic crowns. Material and Method : The resin cements used in this study were Panavia F (Kuraray Co., Ltd. Japan), Variolink II (Vivadent Ets., Schann / Liechtenstein), and Bistite II (Bistite dual cure resin cement-clear Tokuyama Soda Co. Japan). The viability of normal human oral keratocytes, gingival fibroblast, and gingival fibroblast immortalized by Human Papilloma virus 16 was measured in vitro for evaluation of cytotoxicity on resin cements, and the response of pulp tissue was analyzed and evaluated with light microscope after application of cements at cutting edge of incisors. Results : The normal human oral keratocytes was the most sensitive to toxicity of resin cement, and toxicity of cements was higher in Bistite II than in Variolink II. The cell viability of immortalized gingival fibroblast did not affected by type of cement and cultivation period, but there was a tendency that cytotoxicity in Bistite II was higher than in Variolink II. The cell viability of gingival fibroblast was similar to that of immortalized gingival fibroblast regardless of cement type, but Bistite II showed more toxic than others after 5 days cultivation. The responses of pulp tissue according to cement type were similar after 2 days cultivation, but revealed high toxicity in Bistite II after 10 days cultivation. Conclusion : Variolink II was more biocompatible than any other resin cements used in this study.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Objectives: The present study investigated the potential subacute toxicity of 1,4-dichlorobutane (1,4-DCB) by a 2-week repeated oral dose in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: The test chemical was administered once daily by gavage to male rats at dose levels of 0, 74, 222, 667, and 2000 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. All rats were sacrificed at the end of treatment period. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food and water consumption, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, and organ weights were examined. Results: At 2000 mg/kg/day, treatment-related clinical signs, as evidenced by hypothermia, decreased locomotor activity, piloerection, lying on side, and prone position were observed. All the rats were found dead on test day 2. At 667 mg/kg/day, polyuria, suppressed body weight gain, food consumption, and spleen and thymus weights, and increased adrenal gland and liver weights were observed.Hematological and serum biochemical investigations revealed increases in the alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphataseand total bilirubinand decreases in the serum $Na^+$ level, white blood cell count and lymphocyte ratio. There were no treatment-related adverse effects in the 74 and 222 mg/kg/day groups. Conclusions: In the present experimental conditions, target organs were determined to be spleen, thymus,and liver. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was considered to be 222 mg/kg/day in male rats.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) in Sprague-Dawley rat though the current regulatory guideline. Methods : The preliminary study showed that the single oral administration of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) did not induce any toxic effect at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. Based on the results, 2000 mg/kg was selected as the limited dose. In this study, 10 rats of each sex were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg. Mortalities, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored for the 15-day period following administration. At the end of observation period, all animals were sacrificed and complete gross postmortem examinations were performed. Results : Throughout the study period, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings at all treatment groups. Conclusions : These results showed that the single oral adminstration of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg in rats. In conclusion, the $LD_{50}$ of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg body for both sexes.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.609-624
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• 2022

Tenebrio molitor larvae, as known as edible insects, has advantages of being rich in protein, and has been recognized as a suitable alternate protein source for broiler and pig feed. Moreover, given their ability to biodegrade polystyrene, a major pollutant, Tenebrio molitor larvae has been proposed as an innovative solution to environmental problems. In the present study, we investigated the toxicity of Tenebrio molitor larvae powder (TMlp) ingested with expanded-polystyrene (W/ eps) through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The objective of this study was to determine whether TMlp W/ eps can be applied as livestock alternative protein source. For in vitro experiments, cytotoxicity test was performed to investigate the effects of TMlp-extract on the viability of estrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells. The possibility of estrogen response was investigated in two groups: Expanded-polystyrene-fed (W/ eps) TMlp group and without expanded-polystyrene-fed (W/o eps) TMlp group. For in vivo experiments, The male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided based on the dosage of TMlp administered and oral administration was performed to every day for 5 weeks. A toxicological assessments were performed, which included clinical signs, food consumption, body and organ weights, hematology, serum chemistry, and hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver and kidney. There were no specific adverse effect of TMlp W/ eps-related findings under the experimental conditions of this study, but further studies on both sexes and animal species differences should be investigated. In conclusion, TMlp W/ eps was considered non-toxic and observed to be applicable as an alternative protein source for livestock feed.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Objectives : To evaluate the safety of KOB, a polyherbal medicine for allergic rhinitis, we conducted a subchronic toxicology study. Methods : Dried extract of KOB(Lot. No. 11003, yield : 41.1%) was prepared from GLP company (Hanpoong Pharm & Food Co., Ltd). KOB was repeatedly administrated orally of male SD rats at daily dose levels of 500 (G2), 1250 (G3) and 5000 (G4) mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. We recorded the clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, food intake/consumption, optometry, urine analysis, organ weights, hematology, and conducted serum biochemical analysis, necropsy, gross and histological changes in target organs of Sprague-Dawley rats, and clinical chemistry analysis. Results : Neither death nor any toxicological signs were obserbed in KOB at all doses of 500, 1250 and 5000 mg/kg/day during the administration period for thirteen-week. Furthermore, there was no difference in body weight and food-take consumption, optometry, necropsy, organ weight, gross pathological findings, and urine analysis among the groups of rats treated with different doses of KOB, during at the observation period for thirteen-week. The hematological analysis and clinical blood chemistry data were revealed no toxic effects from repeated-dose administration of KOB in rats during the observation period. Conclusions : Based on these results, the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of KOB was considered to be 5000 mg/kg/day for male rats under these study conditions.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.327-339
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• 2023

Objectives : This study conducted a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity test in order to up-cycling Schisandra fruit extract powder(SFEP) using discarded Schisandra chinensis by-products and evaluated the NOAEL of SFEP. Methods : SD-rats were orally administered SFEP at concentrations of 0, 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg once daily for 90 days. Body weights and clinical signs were observed during the administration period. After completion of the experiment, the experimental animals were autopsied to observe necropsy findings and organ weights changes, and hematological parameters and blood chemistry values were measured. Results : During the SFEP administration period, clinical signs such as salivation, wounds, and erosion were sporadically observed in 1 to 2 animals. In the SFEP 250 mg/kg administered group, weights of the liver and thyroid gland significantly increased compared to the control group, but no significant changes were observed in organ weights according to body weights. As a result of measuring hematological parameters and blood chemistry values, a decrease in RDW, T-BIL, and TBA, and an increase in TP, ALB, and Ca were observed due to SFEP administration. However, these changes following SFEP administration were accidental and not dose-dependent. Additionally, no correlation was found between gender and other parameters. Conclusions : Therefore, the NOAEL of SFEP was confirmed to be 250 mg/kg.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.391-395
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity and hypersensivity of toothash which we developed. As a result of a cell toxicity experiment to use MTT assay, there were no differences between toothash group and control group. The cytotoxicity was thought to be absent. Particular allergic reaction did not appear compared with the control group in toothash group.