• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.9.1-9.6
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• 2021

Factors such as location, volume, and the type of neoplasm complicate achieving tumor control. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a supplementary treatment for inoperable neoplasms in veterinary patients. Three dogs were diagnosed with a tumor. Two were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and the other was liposarcoma, each with a single tumor with the size range of 1 to 5 cm. The tumor locations were the cervical, oral, and abdominal cavity. ECT was selected as a treatment. Bleomycin was injected intratumorally at the dose of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/㎤. Five minutes after the injection, electric pulses applied in a sequence of eight pulses lasting 100 μsec each, were delivered in 1,000 V/cm. An evaluation was performed after 1 week, and the next session was administered 2 weeks later. In a patient with oral SCC, the tumor was in partial remission after two sessions of ECT. Another patient with SCC on her neck was showed complete remission after 2 weeks of ECT administration. A third patient showed stable disease for 8 weeks. Complications were mild and transient and included skin necrosis, edema, local pain, and gait disturbance. ECT is a valid adjuvant, especially for inoperable, cutaneous, or accessible intra-abdominal tumors.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2012

Objectives: Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ($^{18}F$-FDG PET) is a non-invasive diagnostic tool for many human cancers wherein glucose uptake transporter-1 (GLUT-1) acts as a main transporter in the uptake of $^{18}F$-FDG in cancer cells. Increased expression of glucose transporter-1 has been reported in many human cancers. In this study, we investigated the correlation between $^{18}F$-FDG accumulation and expression of GLUT-1 in oral cancer. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 42 patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and malignant salivary gland tumor as confirmed by histology. 42 patients underwent pre-operative $^{18}F$-FDG PET, with the maximum standardized uptake value ($SUV_{max}$) measured in each case. Immunohistochemical staining was done for each histological specimen, and results were evaluated post-operatively according to the percentage (%) of positive area, intensity, and staining score. Results: For OSCC, $SUV_{max}$ significantly increased as T stage of tumor classification increased. For malignant salivary gland tumor, $SUV_{max}$ significantly increased as T stage of tumor classification increased. For OSCC, GLUT-1 was expressed in all 36 cases. GLUT-1 staining score (GSS) increased as T stage of tumor classification increased, with the difference statistically significant. For malignant salivary gland tumor, GLUT-1 expression was observed in all 6 cases; average GSS was significantly higher in patients with cervical lymph node metastasis than that in patients without cervical lymph node metastasis. Average GSS was higher in OSCC ($11.11{\pm}1.75$) than in malignant salivary gland tumor ($5.33{\pm}3.50$). No statistically significant correlation between GSS and $SUV_{max}$ was observed in OSCC or in malignant salivary gland tumor. Conclusion: We found no statistically significant correlation between GSS and $SUV_{max}$ in OSCC or in malignant salivary gland tumor. Studies on the various uses of GLUT during $^{18}F$-FDG uptake and SUV and GLUT as tumor prognosis factor need to be conducted through further investigation with large samples.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 1998

이상에서 저자 등은 $T_{1-3}$의 편평상피 세포암의 3증례에서 적출 후 연조직 결손부의 재건을 위해 Tashiro 등에 의해 변형된 Farr등의 경부 도상 피판을 이용하여 술후 특이한 합병증 없이 성공적인 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 피판 작도시 부피의 한계와 경부 임파절의 전이나 혹은 예방적으로 경부에 3 Gy 이상의 방사선을 투여 받은 환자에서의 사용의 제한점에도 불구하고, 경부도상 피판은 결손 부위에 따른 피판의 다양한 변형이 가능하며, 적출과 동시에 빠르고 간단하게 효과적으로 결손부를 재건할 수 있으며, 공여부에 대한 피부이식이 필요하지 않고, 부가적으로 수술 시간과 입원 기간의 단축을 초래해 환자들의 삶의 질을 높일 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Purpose: Tumor associated angiogenesis and/or lymphangiogenesis are known to be linked by VEGFR signaling pathways. These processes are regulated by several growth factors including VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3. E7080 is an orally active inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases including VEGFR-2, 3. Therefore, it was proposed that E7080 may inhibit angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of E7080 in a nude mouse model of OSCC. Methods: KB cells were xenografted into the submucosal tissue of the mouth floor of athymic mice. Seven days after the xenograft, the mice were randomized into 2 groups. E7080 were administered orally to the experimental group once per day. The mice were sacrificed 3 weeks after the treatment. The tumors were examined histopathologically. Immunohistochemical assays with anti- VEGF-C, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, phosphorylated VEGFR-2/3 (pVEGFR-2/3), and D2-40 antibodies were then performed. Results: The transplantation of human OSCC tumor cells into the mouth floor resulted in the formation of orthotopic tumors. The experimental (E7080 treatment) group showed a slowly increased tumor volume. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated higher levels of VEGF-C, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, pVEGFR-2/3 and D2-40 expression in the control group than in the experimental group. Conclusion: These results suggest that E7080 may provide therapeutic benefits in OSCC.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 1999

Fluorination of drinking water has been used world widely to reduce the incidence of caries. Recently, contradictory results on the cytotoxicity of fluoride compounds are reported. In addition, there are attempts to use fluorosilicate for fluorination of drinking water in Korea, therefore, we tried to analyze the cytotoxicity of fluoride compounds on oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB and A253) and osteosarcoma (HOS and MG-63) cells in this study. We treated cells with 0, 10, 50 and 250 ppm of fluorosilicic acid (domestic or from Fluka, F$\_$6/H$_2$Si), sodium fluorosilicate (F$\_$6/Na$_2$Si), sodium fluoroacetate (FCH$_2$CO$_2$Na), sodium fluoride (NaF) or potassium fluoride(KF) and measured the relative cell survival by MTT assay. At the concentration of < 10ppm, no significant cytotoxicity was observed. At 50 ppm, each cells revealed different response to fluoride treatment. Among cells used in this study, MG-63 was the most resistant to fluoride treatment. Comparable toxicity data from domestic and imported fluorosilicic acids were obtained. When we compared the relative cytotoxicity of fluoride compounds against their fluoride contents, the differences in relative cell survival were smaller. Most of cells showed < 20% of survival at 250 ppm. In order to analyze the pH dependence of the cytotoxicity of fluorosilicates, the pH of cell culture media containing fluorosilicate was adjusted to 7.4 or 6.5 and the relative cytotoxicity was measured. At lower pH, about 10% higher cytotoxicity was obtained. Thus, our data suggested that the toxicity of domestic fluorosilicic acid was similar to that of fluorosilicic acid from Fluka, and the cytotoxicity of fluoride compounds was dependent on the relative content of fluoride and pH.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.739-742
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• 2016

Risks with GSTM1 genotypes and potential roles of smoking in the susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were studied in Northeastern Thailand. Study subjects were 79 histologically-confirmed OSCC cases (31 men, 48 women) and 79 age- and sex-matched healthy controls ranging in age from 25 to 84 years. GSTM1 genotyping was achieved by two independent PCR assays. The GSTM1 null allele and the homozygous genotype did not increase risk of OSCC vs the wild type allele and the remaining genotypes. When the focus was on the smoking habit, male subjects who smoked ${\geq}10$ or ${\geq}35$ years were at significantly increased risk for OSCC with adjusted ORs of 4.88 [95%CI, 1.41-16.87, p=0.012] or 4.94 [95%CI, 1.62-15.12, p=0.005], respectively. A higher risk for OSCC was found for smoking amount; those who smoked >5 or >10 pack-years were at a higher risk with adjusted OR of 4.46 [95%CI; 1.45-13.74, p=0.009] or 3.89 [95%CI; 1.34-11.28, p=0.012], respectively. There are certain smoking patterns that give greater risks and thus both smoking duration and pack-years should be taken into consideration in tobacco related cancer prevention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4043-4048
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• 2016

Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, and has a poor 5-year survival rate averaging 50%, which has not changed for decades. A high prevalence of HNC has been reported in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia, as compared to other areas of the country. However, data in regards to HNC are scattered and not well documented. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to gather all available and updated important information regarding HNC in Saudi Arabia, and highlight the gaps of knowledge in our country with regard to this disease. In addition, suggestions of solutions to overcome the current status and improve our future standard of care to fight HNC are also highlighted. Materials and Methods: The electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar using English-language literature were used for this systematic review, using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and keywords. The search was performed in April 2016 and updated in June 2016. Results: Our search revealed twenty-one studies that fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria and that were conducted in Saudi Arabia. These studies investigated different aspects of HNC, including prevalence, risk factors, biomarkers, and assessed knowledge and awareness of both public and practitioners with regard to HNC. Conclusions: This review uncovered a big gap in our epidemiological data in cancer information in general, and head and neck cancer in particular. In addition, a lack of knowledge and awareness of both the public and health care practitioners hinders the early diagnosis of disease and negatively impact the prognosis, treatment and outcome. The Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia should develop a more systematic way and adapt policies to gather cancer information in general, and head and neck cancer in particular, from all governmental and private sectors from all over the kingdom, and develop educational programs to raise the knowledge and awareness of HNC in the country.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1999

Objectives: The development of thyroid tumor has a relationship with carcinogen, oncogene and tumor suppressor gene. With aminotriazole, radioactive iodine and nitrosomethylurea as carcinogens in rat, authors investigate the incidence in type of the thyroid tumors, p21 and p53 protein expression pattern by immunohistochemical stain and the relationship between the tumors and p21-p53 protein expressions. Materials and Methods: 80 experimental animals were divided into four groups; group 1(control, no carcinogen, n=20), group 2(oral administration of aminotriazole for 36 weeks, n=20), group 3(intraperitoneal injection of 131I for one time and oral administration of aminotriazole for 36 weeks, n=20), group 4(oral administration of nitrosomethylurea for 3 days and aminotriazole for 36 weeks, n=20). After 40 weeks they were sacrificed with pathologic examination and we performed immunohistochemical staining with pan-ras monoclonal antibody for p21 protein and CMI polyclonal antibody for p53 protein with paraffin-embedded specimens. Results: 1) No tumors were observed in group I, but 38.3% of nodular goiters, 11.7% of adenomas and 50.0% of carcinomas were observed in carcinogen treated groups(group 2, 3, 4). 2) The incidence of nodular goiter, adenoma and carcinoma were 70%, 20% and 10% in group 2, 40%, 15% and 45% in group 3 and 5%, 0% and 95% in group 4. 3) p21 protein was not expressed in normal thyroid tissues but was expressed in 26.1% of nodular goiters, 42.9% of adenomas and 6.7% of carcinomas. On the other hands, p53 protein was not expressed in normal thyroid tissues, nodular goiters, adenomas and in well differentiated thyroid carcinomas by immunohistochemical stain. Conclusion: The authors suggest that aminotrizole, 131I, nitrosomethylurea can be etiologic agents in the development of thyroid tumor and the p21 protein can be expressed in the early stage and in benign condition of thyroid tumor but p53 protein is not expressed in all conditions of development in rats.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2002

Backgroud and Objectives : Supracricoid partial laryngectomy(SCPL) has showed good functional and oncological results since it was introduced by Laccourreye in 1990. But loss of laryngeal functions, especially glottic sphincteric one, due to a wide resection of laryngeal structures is a major problem and needs a active and effective rehabilitation postperatively. Modified barium swallow(MBS) is a videofluoroscopy designed to define the etiology of the aspiration or dysphagia and simultaneously provide the therapeutic and rehabilitative method eliminating etiology of the aspiration. And we examined the effectiveness of the MBS in swallowing rehabilitation of the SCPL Patients. Materials and Methods : We reviewed the medical records of the 52 Patients who received SCPL for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma according to the description of Laccourreye in our clinic from 1993 to 2001. Among them 21 patients were performed MBS(MBS(+) group) postoperatively and remaining 31 were not(MBS(-) group). During MBS, we selected 12 patients who showed aspiration and trained them with a swallowing rehabilitation maneuver which was identified as the most effective one eliminating the aspiration and remaining nine without aspiration were able to feed orally immediately after MBS without rehabilitation. In MBS(-) Uoup, they were received the traditional rehabilitation training with a supraglottic swallow. Results : The mean postoperative day(POD) of decannulation was earlier in MBS(+) group ($12.6{\pm}4.7$ POD) than in MBS(-) group ($19.5{\pm}11.0$ POD) (p =0.012), especially in patients showing aspiration (MBS(+) ; $12.9{\pm}5.2$ POD, MBS(-) : $22.3{\pm}9.9$ POD (p =0.008)). No significant difference was found in the mean POD of oral feeding between MBS(+) and (-) group, but in patients showing aspiration the time of oral feeding was earlier in MBS(+) group than in MBS(-) by average 10 days though it was not statistically significant. The incidence of aspiration pneumonia was lower in MBS(+) group (1/12cases) than in MBS(-) (7/12cases). Conclusions : In SCPL Patients, the Swallowing rehabilitation introduced to eliminate the aspiration during MBS after SCPL is very helpful for some patients to resume the safe oral intake more rapidly.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.214-217
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• 2013

3세령의 암컷 고슴도치(Atelerix albiventris)가 심하게 종대된 하악 병변의 평가를 위해 내원하였다. 세포학적 검사를 위해 세침흡인을 실시하였으며, 도말표본을 제작 후 로마노프스키식 염색으로 염색하였다. 세포학적 검사에서 원형을 포함한 다양한 모양의 편평상피세포가 주로 관찰되었으며, 일부 세포는 유사 방추 모양 또는 매우 길쭉한 모양을 띄고 있었다. 세포학적 소견은 편평상피암종이었으며, 조직검사를 위해 수술적으로 제거하였다. 조직병리상 악성 편평상피암종세포들이 중등도의 콜라겐과 방추형 섬유모세포로 이루어진 간질에 둘러싸여 있었으며, 인접한 골격근과 골조직으로의 침습이 관찰되었다. 종양세포는 중등도의 세포 대소부동과 핵 대소부동을 보였으며, 중등도 이상의 각화상태를 보였다. 종양의 중심부에서는 극세포해리가 있었으며 림프형질세포 및 호중구성 염증소견이 동반되었다. 유사 분열상은 고배율에서 2-3개가 관찰되었다. 이와 같은 소견에 기초해서 편평상피암종으로 진단하였으며, 보호자는 종괴의 수술적 제거 후 더이상의 치료를 원치 않아 바로 퇴원하였다. 환자는 추가 처치 없이 3개월 생존 후 폐사하였다.