• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the patients' knowledge and expectation of dental implants and to provide effective consulting and accurate information on implants to them. To that end, between March 23, 2008 and June 5, 2008, patients who were visiting dental clinics (hospitals) in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon areas were surveyed. 84.7% of subjects said that they recognized implants, and the largest number of them (26.7%) of subjects came to know via friends. According to an analysis of subjects' knowledge of the dental implant operation, the maximum value was 4.06, and the minimum value was 3.05. The opinion value on the need to have regular examination after the implant operation was highest at 4.06. Regarding expectation over the implant operation, the maximum value was 4.42, and the minimum value was 1.78. The opinion value on considering the implant operation capability the most important was the highest at 4.42. The relationship between the knowledge of and expectation over implants was significant. By gender, females had a significantly higher level of knowledge than males. Regarding preference, females scored 3.27 points, and males scored 3.23 points. By occupation, professionals earned the highest score of 3.55 in knowledge, and professionals earned the highest score of 3.31 in expectation. According to an analysis of the relation between variables of knowledge of and variables of expectation over implants, the correlation coefficient (r) between the two factors was 0.362, indicating a positive relevancy(+)(p<.01).

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.264-271
• /
• 2011

At the Jangheung multipurpose dam, which is on the Tamjin River, a trapping and trucking operation was established to maintain continuous upstream migration of fish,. To facilitate fish gathering, installation of an effective fishing trap was required. In this study, we evaluated the fish trap, established at the Jangheung dam, using PIT (Passive Integrated Transponder) telemetry. A total of 254 individuals from 15 species were monitored. Among these tagged species, 36 individuals from 6 species (Carassius auratus, C. cuvieri, Zacco temminckii, Z. platypus, Pungtungia herzi, and Pseudobagrus koreanus) were detected; a 14.2% detection rate. C. auratus recorded the highest detection rate of 44.2% while P. herzi was 14.3%. Z. temminckii and Z. platypus showed relatively low detection, 5% and 7.7% respectively. Some of individuals from C. auratus and Z. platypus did not pass through the antenna at the first attempt but were continuously detected on multiple days. There were no statistical differences in body size (total length, standard length and body weight) of individuals that did or did not swim into the trap (Mann-Whitney U test, p>0.05). Fish mainly swam into the trap during outflow of water from the dam (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.001) and showed a higher detection frequency in daytime than nighttime (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.001). Thus, for fish movement into the trap, external factors such as outflow from dam and time of day have important roles. Based on detection rate, not all fishes showed upstream migration but represented selective migration. Consequently, the establishment of flexible outflow strategies that take into consideration ecological characteristics of fishes should required for improving the efficiency of fishway.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.7
• /
• pp.824-831
• /
• 2009

Purpose : We aimed to investigate the efficacy of and functional recovery after intracerebral transplantation of different doses of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) in immature rat brain with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods : Postnatal 7-days-old Sprague-Dawley rats, which had undergone unilateral HI operation, were given stereotaxic intracerebral injections of either vehicle or mMSCs and then tested for locomotory activity in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week of the stem cell injection. In the 8th week, Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the learning and memory dysfunction for a week. Results : In the open field test, no differences were observed in the total distance/the total duration (F=0.412, P=0.745) among the 4 study groups. In the invisible-platform Morris water maze test, significant differences were observed in escape latency (F=380.319, P<0.01) among the 4 groups. The escape latency in the control group significantly differed from that in the high-dose mMSC and/or sham group on training days 2-5 (Scheffe's test, P<0.05) and became prominent with time progression (F=6.034, P<0.01). In spatial probe trial and visible-platform Morris water maze test, no significant improvement was observed in the rats that had undergone transplantation. Conclusion : Although the rats that received a high dose of mMSCs showed significant recovery in the learning-related behavioral test only, our data support that mMSCs may be used as a valuable source to improve outcome in HIE. Further study is necessary to identify the optimal dose that shows maximal efficacy for HIE treatment.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.18-28
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical, radiological and histopathological results after microfracture surgery for degenerative arthritis of the knee. Materials and Methods: From Oct. 1997 to Dec. 1998, 48 knees in 46 patients were treated by microfracture technique. Their mean age at the time of operation was 56 years(range, 40-75 years) and mean period of follow-up study was one year(range, 7-20 months). For 24 knees in 22 patients, 'second-look' arthroscopies and biopsies were performed at 6 months following microfracture. At the last follow up clinical results were evaluated with Baumgaertner's scale. The specimens of 24 cases were stained with H-E, Safranin-O, and Masson's trichrome. Eighteen of 24 cases were stained immunohistochemically and the Western blotting test was performed on 12 cases for type II collagen. We analyzed the relationship of the Western blotting for type II collagen with clinical score, preoperative varus deformity, joint space widening in radiological result, extent of repaired articular cartilage in '2nd-look' arthroscopic findings, patient's age and weight. Results: Clinical results were excellent in 90% and good in 10%. Among the 24 knees, more than 80% of areas of chondral defect were covered with regenerated cartilage in 21 knees Histologically, the repaired tissue appears to be a hybrid of hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. Repaired cartilage contains variable amounts of type II collagen with immunohistochemical staining. The results of the Western blotting test were similar. The amounts of type II collagen formation had positive correlation with the extent of repaired cartilage and preoperative varus deformity. Conclusion: 'Second-look' showed that the chondral defect areas were covered with newly grown grayish white tissue. Articular cartilage repair was confirmed with histological and immunohisto-chemical study qualitatively, and the amount of type II collagen was calculated with the Western blotting test quantitatively. The exact nature and fate of repaired cartilagenous tissues need further long term follow-up study. The results of this study provide the rationale to select osteoarthritic patients indicated for microfracture surgery.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of climate on indoor environment of a swine house with natural. This study was tested in the beef swine stall at Young-in, Kyung-ki do. The test was experimented for the effect of interior environment by the outdoor environment and the interior-pan. The results are as follows. 1. In test 1 ($T_{out}$ : $25.7^{\circ}C$, without fan), an indoor air flow pattern was showed that entered from sidewall winch-curtain to went out of a indoor by the ridge winch-curtain. And the velocity of a section of the center was measured two times as large as the velocity of the floor. It is the acceleration of the velocity by thermal buoyancy. And, the entered air was rapidly dissipated by flow energy. So that in the swain livestock with sidewall winch-curtain is effected by thermal buoyancy. And the air temperature of the indoor was distributed more higher as compared with the outdoor temperature. This result is caused by the sensible heat from swine and the ventilation is restricted. 2. In test 2 (($T_{out}$ : $25.7^{\circ}C$, with fan), the velocity of a section of the center was measured more higher as compared with the test 1. And the variance of air velocity was distributed higher as compared with the test 1. This result is showed dead region of air flow with a fan operation. And, the variance of gas density was distributed lower as compared with the test 1.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.29 no.9
• /
• pp.996-1002
• /
• 1996

From August 1979 to August 1995, 73 consecutive patients with various pulmonary diseases underwent pneumonectomy Underlying diseases were lung cancer(53 cases), pulmonary tuberculosis(10 cases), bronchiectasis(4 cases) and others(6 cases). Operative mortality and complication rate for 73 patients and respiratory capacity for 53 patients at postoperative 6 months were measured, and statistically analysed for the influencing factors. The influencing factors on prognosis included age, sex, pathologic finding (benign or malignant), associated diseases, preoperative pulmonary function test and operation time. The statistically significant factors for operative mortality were preoperative MW(% prep)(P=0.013) and operation time(P=0.009). The factors influencing operative complication was infectious disease (P=0. 015), and for respiratory capacity a postoperative 6 months, preoperative FVC(%. prod) (PED.0018), FEVI(%. prod)(P=0.0024), and MW(%. prod) (P=0.004)) were statistically significant factors. The preoperative FVC(%. tyred), FEVI(% . prod) and MW(%. prod) should be measured exactly. We conclude that preoperative lung function, cardiovascular and nutritional status, postoperative care and infection prevention were important factors to decrease the operative mortality and complication as well as to increase respiratory capacity.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.301-324
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of the childcare teachers regarding accreditation procedures and feasibility of the second accreditation index according their past participation in the accreditation process. The objects were 193 childcare teachers working at child care centers that were accredited using the initial accreditation index. The collected data was analyzed using frequency, percentile, $X^2$, and t-test. The major findings are as follows: First, childcare teachers without accreditation experience perceived 'continuing education of child care center directors and teachers' to be the most important for quality maintenance after successful accreditation. In contrast, childcare teachers with accreditation experience placed the most importance on 'childcare teachers' motivation and continuing enrollment'. Second, childcare teachers with accreditation experience perceived higher feasibility in the subcategories of 'art activity materials' in the category of child care environment, 'providing operation policies and information of child care teachers', 'care for children', and 'employment contract' in the operation & management category, 'sanitary management of food, cooking and feeding', 'care of sick or injured child', 'health management of children and childcare teachers', 'snacks for children' in the category of health and nutrition and 'safe procedures for handing over children' in the category of safety. In general, childcare teachers with accreditation experience perceived higher feasibility of the second accreditation index in all categories.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.509-517
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to assess the applicability of device-type stream coagulation process which combines physiochemical, biological processing for efficient improvement of water quality in small, middle-sized urban streams. The stream purification facility of this study is compose of pressure flotation type Micro Bubble Process(MBP) to remove TSS and TP and conduit line type Attached Microbial Pipe System(AMPS) to remove BOD. Test conditions of each device were set by floating stay time and change of ultra fine bubble injection amount of MBP, and change of AMPS stay time. Also, removal efficiency of pollution sources of each process were assess by change of season. As result of continuous operation of each process, MBP showed a maximum of TSS 83.69%, TP 95.15% process efficiency and AMPS showed a maximum of 52.95% TBOD5 removal efficiency. Also as result of circular operation of each process, MBP showed a maximum of TSS 69.75%, TP 70.17% process efficiency and AMPS showed a maximum of 68.58% TBOD5 removal efficiency. Therefore, it is considered that this stream coagulation process is effective in improving the water quality of streams in urban areas.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.80-85
• /
• 2017

In this paper, a mircrowave breakdown of X-band circular waveguide cavity filter, which occurred during ground test, was introduced, and electro-magnetic field simulation results to identify a root cause, and the analysis of possibility of its occurrence on orbit operation were presented. Filter modeling for simulation was conducted with a commercial tool (FEST3D), and electric fields inside the filter were monitored at the input of 1 W continuous wave. In our observation, strong electric field intensities were monitored on the tuning screws especially at the input of band-edge frequencies. The threshold power levels for the breakdown were also estimated and compared with the input power levels actually injected to the filter. From this estimation, we could figure out that the power exceeding the breakdown threshold was injected to the filter so that strong electric fields were generated and temperature increased high, and this became a root cause of the electrical short. Our further analysis showed that this kind of microwave breakdown is not likely to occur on orbit operation, and multipactor is expected not to occur at the input of band-edge frequencies. As a measure to prevent the microwave breakdown, we suggested to avoid the injection of band-edge frequencies and inject lower power levels to the filter.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.20 no.3 s.71
• /
• pp.235-246
• /
• 2007

The study aims to design an integrated remote controller, which is an increasingly essential device in the home, for more convenient use. For this purpose, an alternative user interface (UI) design was developed by applying the user interface system of a popular existing product to an integrated remote control highly usable and easy to learn for domestic use, and the usability was evaluated. For the existing popular product, a cellular phone was selected, the operation method of which is similar to the stick-type integrated remote control for which the user interface design was to be developed in this research. Common characteristics of the UI of the selected cellular phone were derived and the characteristics were applied as much as possible to the design of a stick-type integrated remote control. The prototype of the alternative design, which was simulated with Flash, went through two pilot tests for further improvement before making the final experimental prototype. Based on the results, prototype buttons that improved the feeling of use in terms of physical operation and feedback were made, and the usability of the new UI design of a stick-type integrated remote control for domestic use were evaluated with 41 university students in their 20s. According to the results of the experiment, the newly designed stick-type integrated remote control based on the UI of an existing product may improve the usability of remote controls and the outcome of this study is expected to provide a good model for R&D of new UI designs of stick-type integrated remote controls for domestic use.