• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2003

In this study, the vertical opening of the non-float midwater pair trawl net was maintained by controlling the length of upper warp. This was because the head rope was able to be kept linearly and the working depth was not nearly as changed with the variation of flow speed as former experiments in this series of studies have demonstrated. We confirmed that the opening efficiency of the non-float midwater pair trawl net was able to be developed according to the increase in front weight and wing-end weight. In this study, we described the opening efficiency of the non-float midwater pair trawl net according to the variation of front weight and wing-end weight obtained by model experiment in circulation water channel. We compared the opening efficiency of the proto type with that of the non-float type. The results obtained can be summarized as follows：1. The hydrodynamic resistance was almost increased linearly in proportion to the flow speed and was increased in accordance with the increase in front weight and wing-end weight. The increasing rate of hydrodynamic resistance was displayed as an increasing tendency in accordance with the increase in flow speed. 2. The net height of the non-float type was almost decreased linearly in accordance with the increase in flow speed. As the reduced rate of the net height of the non-float type was smaller than that of the net height of the proto type against increase of flow speed, the net height of the non-float type was bigger than that of the proto type over 4.0 knot. The net width of the non-float type was about 10 m bigger than that of the proto type and the change rate of net width varied by no more than 2 m according to the variation of the front weight and wing-end weight. 3. The mouth area of the non-float type was maximized at 1.75 ton of the front weight and 1.11 ton of the wing-end weight, and was smaller than that of the proto type at 2.0∼3.0 knot, but was bigger than that of the proto type at 4.0∼5.0 knot. 4. The filtering volume was maximized at 3.0 knot in the proto type and at 4.0 knot in the non-float type. The optimal front weight was 1.40 ton.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2011

Tensile stress occurs and random crack develops in concrete pavement slab when it contracts by variation of temperature and humidity. The tensile stress decreases and the random crack is minimized by sawcutting the slab and inducing the crack with regular spacing. The random crack, joint damage, decrease of load transfer efficiency are caused by too wide joint spacing while too narrow joint spacing leads to increase of construction cost and decrease of comfort. A mechanistic-empirical joint spacing design method for the concrete pavement was developed in this study. Structurally and environmentally weakest sections were found among the sections showing good performance, and design strengths were determined by finite element analysis on the sections. The joint width for which the load transfer efficiency is suddenly lowered was determined as allowable joint with referring to existing research results. The maximum joint spacing for which the maximum tensile stress calculated by the finite element analysis did not exceed the design strength were found. And the maximum joint width expected by the maximum joint spacing were compared to the allowable joint width. The new method developed in this study was applied to two zones of Hamyang-Woolsan Expressway being designed. The same joint spacing as a test section constructed by 8.0m of joint spacing wider than usual was calculated by the design method. Very low cracking measured at 6 years after opening of the test section verified the design method developed in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.249-263
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• 1996

According to the design method for constructing the G gori(the traditional Korean jacket)collar, there are differences in form after its completion. In the construction design of the midsection of the gusset as in that of the basic G gori, not only was the positioning of the two sides of the collar not smooth, but also, when the collar strip was attached, there would be an imbalance on one side or the other so that it was difficult to achieve symetry. Therefore in this project, by applying the pattern design of the gusset midsection to that of the collar midsection, not only did attaching the collar and the collar strip create a visual effect by equalizing the lengths of the tow sides, but the construction was also easy. This method of construction introduces the three-dimensional aspect of the human form in its conic, spherical and cylindrical aspects, so that, through schematizing the scientific character of Korea's clothing, its appropriateness is verified. As a matter of fact, since th-ere in no standardization of pattern whether for educational use or for mass-produced clothing, so that even the patterns used in computer-assisted design are executed according to the designer's personal skill, the reality is that after completion of construction the quality has not been uniform. For this schematization, inverse calculation of measurements pertaining to the calculation formula and of teaching materials has been referenced. In particular, the partial requlation of the calculation formula pertaining to the basic pattern construction, the method of making the collar midsection, and the construction method of the extreme and mean ratio adjustment can be adjusted for all measurements, thereby providing the establishment of a design criterion and the possibility of the standardization of construction methods. The production method for the pattern design is as follows: 1) The conic angle for the G gori's girth, length and neck width is fixed at 70 degrees. 2) The radius of the cone is B/2. 3) The calculation formula is B/4 + 1.5cm 4) The armhole formula is B/4, the same as in the basic method. 5) The width formula is B/10. 6) The ratio of the collar junction(width of collar + width of collar strip)to the gusset length is 5:8. 7) The length of the side seam is a length intersecting the armhole line and the conic radius (B/2), that is an arc that exceeds the length of the G gori's midsection; the component ratio of this length to the collar junction is accordingly 13:5. 8) The curve frame length of the back midsection is an arc exceeding B/4(the armhole line). 9) The ratio of the sleeve opening calculation formula to the armhole length is 8:5, forming an arc with the midsection length.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.5 s.64
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• pp.801-813
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• 1997

A comparative study was made on the chewing movements of normal occlusion and skeletal class m malocclusion. Thirty normal occlusion subjects and twenty skeletal class III malocclusion patients were given chewing gums for the study : using BioPAK system, the chewing movement on the frontal plane was recorded and analyzed. With a typical chewing path chosen representing each subject, chewing width, opening distance, opening and closing angles, maximum opening and closing velocities were observed. Seven characteristic patterns were classified based on the types of chewing paths. The followings are the results : 1. Compared with the normal occlusion group, the skeletal class III malocclusion group showed more varied and vertical chewing patterns. 2. In comparision of chewing widths, skeletal class m malocclusion group showed narrower path than the normal occlusion group(p<0.01). 3. In opening distance, skeletal class III malocclusion group appeared shorter than the normal occlusion group without statistical significance(p>0.05). 4. In opening and closing angles, skeletal class III malocclusion group showed more acute angles than the normal occlusion group(p<0.01). 5. In maximum opening and closing velocities, skeletal class III malocclusion group was slower than the normal occlusion group but with no statistical significance(P>0.05). 6. In the classification of chewing movement pattern, the normal occlusion group had Type II as the highest rate at 73.4% ; in skeletal class III malocclusion group, the highest rate was Type III at 35.0%, followed by Type II at 30.0% 7. In the classification of chewing movement pattern, Type IV(chopping type)of skeletal class III malocclusion group showed a higher rate with 25.0% over 3.3% of normal occlusion group.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2020

Purpose: The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of allogenic bone block and the compressive strength of an allogenic bone block measured by biomechanical experiments, and (2) to compare the maximum pressure load of allogenic bone block with the gap pressure measured at the high tibial opening osteotomy. Materials and Methods: Ten patients who provided informed consent for gap pressure measurements during opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) were included. The gap pressures were measured at 1 mm intervals while opening the osteotomy site from 8 mm to 14 mm. Seventeen U-shaped allogenous wedge bone blocks were made from the femur, tibia, and humerus. The height, width, cross-sectional area, and cortex thickness of the bone blocks were measured, along with the maximum compressive load just before breakage. The relationship between these characteristics and the maximum pressure load of the bone blocks was evaluated. The gap pressures measured in OWHTO were compared with the maximum pressure loads of the allogenous wedge bone blocks to evaluate the possibility of inserting allogenous wedge bone blocks into the osteotomy site without a distractor in OWHTO. Results: The OWHTO gap pressure increased with increasing osteotomy site opening. The mean gap pressure, which occurred at a 14-mm opening, was 282±93 N; the maximum pressure was 427 N. The maximum pressure load of the allografts was 13,379±6,469 N (minimum, 5,868; maximum, 29,130 N) and was correlated significantly with the cortical bone thickness (correlation coefficient=0.693, p=0.002) and cross-sectional area (correlation coefficient=0.826, p<0.001). Depending on the sterilization method, the maximum pressure loads for the bone blocks were 13,406±5,928 N for freeze-dried and 13,348±7,449 N for fresh frozen. The maximum compressive load of the allogenous wedge bone blocks was 13.7-times greater than that in OWHTO opened to 14 mm (5,868 N vs. 427 N). Conclusion: The compressive strength of allogenous wedge bone blocks was sufficiently greater than the gap pressure in OWHTO. Therefore, allogenous wedge bone blocks can be inserted safely into the osteotomy site without a distractor.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.304-311
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• 2018

This research used a questionnaire to provide basic data for the design of dressing form that enables the manufacture of senior menswear with an improved fit to match the dissatisfaction with the fit of male suits over the 50s. We used 132 questionnaires as analytical data. The results were: The item 'purchasing method of formal suits' showed that 95.5% purchased ready-to-wear jackets. The 'abdominal obesity type' and 'trunk waist type' had a high frequency of 'complaints about the size of the ready-to-wear jacket'. They choose their suits and wear them directly from the store. It is expected that senior males will complain about ready-to-wear formal suits due to the increase in girth item than normal type due to change of body shape since they consider size to also be important when purchasing suits. The most important part of the body when purchasing suits is the shoulder area, followed by the front width and back width of the fit. As for the degree of recognition of suit size, 38.1% said that they know the size and 'Suit size is hard to understand'. As a result of dissatisfaction with formal dressing, the items of 'Neck wide of get loose', 'Drag line of back neck', 'Not fit of front opening', 'Not fit of shoulder slope' and 'dissatisfaction'. Therefore, it is salient to establish suit fitting system and size system for senior men.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.283-288
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• 1996

A total of 31 human diphyllobothriasis cases have been reported in Korea. Authors experienced two more human cases of Diphyllobothrium latum infection, especially due to eating raw freshwater trout. Two cases were husband and wife in a famil residing in Chunchon city, Kangwon-do, who raw fish in October 1994. A 43-year old male(husband) was 69kg in body weight and healthy. A worm (6.65m in length; 8-l3mm in width) was expelled from him after, anthelmintic treatment. The second case(wife) was a 39-year old female who weighted 56kg. She complained about gastrointestinal trouble and abdominal discomfort. A worm (5.50m in length; 9-l3mm in width) was Obtained her after anthelmintic treatment. No scolex was collected from the two worms. Two patients were administrated with praziquantel(15mg/kg of body weight) and 15gm of magnesium sulfate as a purgative. Two worms identified as D. latum, .based on the following biological characters: extermal morphologies, coiling of uterus, the number of uterine loops, position of genital opening, morphologies of cirrus and cirrus sac and seminal vesicle on the histological sections, positions of vagina and uterine pore, distribution patterns of vitellaria, and microscopical and SEM morphologies of the egg.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.194-200
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a multi-scale crack detection method using scaling. It is based on morphology algorithm, crack features, and scaling. We use a morphology operator which extracts patterns of crack. It segments cracks and background using opening and closing operations. Morphology based segmentation is better than existing integration methods using subtraction in detecting a crack it has small width. However, morphology methods using only one structure element could detect only fixed width crack. Thus, we use a scaling method. We use bilinear interpolation for scaling. Our method calculates values of properties such as the number of pixels and the maximum length of the segmented region. We decide whether the segmented region belongs to cracks according to those data. Experimental results show that our proposed multi-scale crack detection method has better results than those of existing detection methods.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 1997

The authors presented the human Thelaziasis case in Korea, with the review of the literatures. The patient was 60-year-old farmer who had lived in Chunchoun since birth. He complained lacrimation and foreign body sensation of the left eye. Total 10 worms, appeared to be slender milky-white nematodes, were extracted from the left upper conjuctival sac by authors. Micrograph morphological features are as follows： Three male worms are 8.83∼9.32 mm in length, 0.24∼0.25 mm in width, 259∼263 cuticular striations per mm, and showing cloaca with spicules. seven female worms are 11.91∼12.77 mm in length, 0.25∼0.26 mm in width, 259∼289 cuticular striations per mm, and vulva opening locating anterior to esophago-intestinal junction. From the above findings, these nematodes were confirmed as Thelazia callipaeda Railliet and Henry, 1910.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1999

The developmental process of Paracolopha morrisoni's galls on Zelkova serrata until the emergence of alatae from the galls was studied at Chonju, Korea. The galls were formed from late April to early May, 1997 and the galls began to open in early June. The length and width of galls and leaves were measured during the period from gall formation to opening. The length and width of galls have been increased until mid May continuously. The galls stopped growing at 12th of May. Fundatrices (the first generation in the gall) began to larviposit from May 15th and the second generation developed in late May. The alatae of the second generation arrived at the final stadium, that was escaped from the gall, in early June. Thus, there were only 2 generations in the gall. The close correlationship between gall growth and leaf growth suggests that leaf growth force may have a great influence on gall development.