• Mycobiology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.180-186
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• 2016

Trichoderma species are able to persist on living sapwood and leaves of cacao (Theobroma cacao) in an endophytic relationship. In this research, we evaluated the ability of Trichodema asperellum introduced at the incision site in the bark for side grafting with the concentration of 4 g/10 mL, 4 g/100 mL, and 4 g/1,000 mL (suspended in water) in suppressing vascular streak dieback (VSD) incidence and promoting growth of side grafts in the field. The incidence of VSD in two local clones of cacao, MCC1 and M04, without application of T. asperellum was 71.2% and 70.1% at 21 wk after grafting, respectively. However, when the two clones were treated with a concentration of 4 g/10 mL T. asperellum, the incidence was 20.6% and 21.7%, respectively, compared to 29.1% and 20.9% at 4 g/100 mL and 18.2% and 15.6% at 4 g/1,000 mL. By comparing to the control, the treatment with the same concentrations of T. asperellum listed above, the total number of stomata in MCC1 decreased by 41.9%, 30.2%, and 14.0% and in M04 by 30.5%, 21.9%, and -2.5% (exception), respectively. Otherwise, the total area of stomata opening increased by 91.4%, 99.7%, and 28.6% in MCC1 and by 203.8%, 253.5%, and 35.9% in M04, respectively. Furthermore, the number of buds and branches treated with a mixture concentration on the the two clones increased by 90.7% and 21.7%, respectively. These data showed that the application of T. asperellum to cacao scions while grafting can decrease VSD incidence in side grafts and increase growth of grafts in addition to decreasing total number of stomata, increasing total area of opened stomata, and increasing number of buds and branches.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2003

보통 가정이나 건물에서 화재 및 가스에 의한 사고 중에 가스의 폭발에 의한 사고는 폭발과 동시에 발생하는 압력 때문에 발생하는 건물의 붕괴로서 많은 인명피해 및 재산상의 손해를 가져온다. 이와 같은 2차적인 피해를 막기 위해 본 연구에서는 건물의 폭발시 발생하는 개구부의 크기 및 형태에 따른 모델을 선정하여 건물의 체적대비 개구부 면적에 따른 압력변화를 실험을 통하여 개구부의 면적 비를 도출하였으며, 개구부 형태에 따른 압력실험을 통하여 최소의 압력으로 피해을 막을 수 있는 모델을 선정하였다. 이를 이용하여 건물의 설계시 안전율을 고려하여 개구부의 면적 및 형태를 선정함으로써 2차 피해를 예방할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 1996

In recent year, construction of national infrastructure, variations of agricultural environment, urbanization of rural life-style, and other things have influenced on rural area. Therefore, its landscapes have been changed rapidly. As a result of it, rural landscape should be controlled with amenity and totality. That is a rural amenity control planning. The purposes of this study is to consider characters of rural settlement area, the directions of landscape control planning as an environmental planning, the structure of rural landscape, the process of rural landscape control planning, and its frameworks. Main viewpoints of landscape control planning in rural settlement are as follows; the using of regional resources, the harmony of surrounding environments, the harmony of natural ecology, locating of facilities, the development of new landscape material, maintenance of sequencing, symbolizing, unificating, and opening, the using of natural/regional materials, the using of waterfront, the making of stories.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2001

This study is the seventh of series that have been interpreted as the view of regionalism for the block plans and floor plans of the traditional houses spreaded in Kyoung-Sang-Buck-Do Privince, and is investigated its subject in Sung-ju area. The purpose of study is to be analyzed the block types of the houses and the floor plans of An-chae(ladys inner house) and declared the typical case on the characteristics on each housing elements to Buk-Bi-Go-Teak on the conclusion. The block plan of the high-leveled traditional houses in Sung-ju area is typically the courtyard type that is opening at sides that 3 to 5 of I-shaped or L-shaped buildings are composed. The floor plan of An-chae is mostly typed I-shaped and its bay system is semi-lineal type(Teo-Kan-Gip).

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2003

This study is to investigate the characteristics of space constitution by analyzing the Jungja in the Gasa (an old form of Korean verse) literature area. These Jungja architectures were composed at Damyang-gun and all over Mt. Moodeung in Chosun dynasty. It can be found several characteristics through 10 Jungja architectures. As a result of analysis, the conclusion of research is as follows. 1. There is a spatial function of Byulsu where the daily life can be managed. 2. The development of introduction part induces a concept of private space. 3. It has structures with openings that can form the various constitution of space. 4. There are heating facilities that people can spend their time in four seasons.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제41호
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• pp.112-120
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to review the plan composition characteristics of the super high-rise apartment. 20 cases were selected in Seoul and Kyunggi area that were planned or constructed since 1999, and 10 unit plans were analyzed to review such design characteristics as block type & entry access type, plane figure, opening layout, area distribution and spice composition of unit plan. The result of the study shows that the super high-rise apartment has more variant block types and plane figures compare with the conventional high-rise apartment, and it also has several design characteristics in plane composition such as the increase of the number of the walls with openings, the weakening of the spatial centralization of a living room and the dispersion of rooms with the increase of connection by corridors.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.107-108
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• 2014

The rural area has aged and depressed for urban area in Korea. Furthermore, the rural house has deteriorated and is vulnerable to disaster which collapse, fire, landslide, and so on. For this matter, it need to an evaluated system for deteriorated level of rural house. The evaluated system has a repairing method and an estimated cost for rural house to offer native in rural area. This study could draw evaluation factor for deteriorated level of rural house as a basic study for the evaluated system. The evaluation factors is compared the Korean housing performance grade indication system, the Korean green building certification criteria, and the Japanese housing performance indication system. As a result, they could eight types. There are a mothproof, an waterproof, a finishing material, an asbestos cement slate of roofing, a mobility right, an opening and closing of doors and windows, an indoor environment.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial change of coastal area called Nampo-dong in Busan. And then the subject of research was chiefly concentrated upon the development of southern coast and the land-reclamation based on the commercial facilities after the opening port. There were various reclamation projects in the coastal area of Japanese settlement under the Rule of Japan. Busan Nambin Coast(Currently, Nampo-dong) was one of typical reclamation projects conducted in the southern seashore. Due to the characteristic of coastal area, fishery was developed well and the entertainment industry also grew rapidly with the characteristic of the short distance of urban centre. In this study, we investigated the process of reflecting the characteristic of spatial change that were pursued by communities at that time, particularly through the establishment and change of buildings.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.194-205
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• 2022

하천에서 유사의 이동 및 퇴적으로 형성된 모래톱은 특이한 생물의 서식과 심미적 경관 측면에서 중요한 서식처이다. 본 연구는 보 상류에서 수문 개방에 의하여 노출된 모래톱에서 초기 식생의 발달과 그 분포를 확인하여 시간 경과에 따른 식생변화 과정을 파악하고자 하였다. 보 수문 개방 시기가 다른 금강의 3개 보 개방 구간과 보 운영에 영향을 받지 않는 대조 구간에서 보 개방 후 노출된 모래톱에서 식물군집 구조와 공간 분포의 변화를 파악하고 모래톱의 노출 기간에 따른 식물 군집 구조의 변화를 조사하였다. 금강의 보 상류구간에서 수문 개방으로 기존 홍수터 면적의 33% 이상의 면적에 해당하는 모래톱이 새롭게 형성되었다. 노출된 모래톱에는 1년생 중생식물, 다년생 수생식물, 다년생 습생식물, 아교목, 교목 군집에 속하는 9개 식물군집이 분포하였다. 모래톱의 노출 기간이 길어 짐에 따라서 나지 모래톱, 1년생 초본식물, 다년생 수생식물 군집의 면적은 감소하였고, 다년생 습생식물, 아교목, 교목 군집의 면적은 증가하였다. 하천 모래톱에서 시간 경과에 따른 식생의 변화는 수위 하강 전 수중 서식처의 조건과 물 흐름에 의한 물리적 교란의 정도에 따라서 3가지 천이 유형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 즉 모래톱의 천이과정은 1) 수생식물로부터 시작하는 '정수지 천이', 2) 일년생 습생 초본식물로부터 시작하는 '유수지 천이', 3) 버드나무류로 시작하는 '버드나무류 천이'로 구분할 수 있었다. 따라서 금강의 보 구간에서 하천 서식처 및 경관의 변화를 체계적으로 관리하기 위하여 모래톱에서의 식생 천이계열을 반영하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2020

세종보 수문개방을 통하여 하도내에 다양한 모래톱이 만들어지면서 모래톱의 생태계 가치와 기능에 대한 연구 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 세종보 수문개방 전·후의 하도 내 지형 변화를 생태지형학적으로 분석하여 서식처의 관점에서 보 개방 효과를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 고해상도 항공사진의 공간분석을 수행하여, 수역과 육역을 17개 서식처 유형으로 분류하여 서식처다양도 지도를 작성하고 서식처다양도 지수를 산정하였다. 연구결과, 보 상류는 개방 전 저수지였던 깊은 정수성 서식처에서, 개방 후에는 여울과 소, 평여울, 완여울 등 유수성 서식처가 증가하고 얕은 정수성 서식처가 나타나는 등 수중 서식처의 유형이 다양해지고 복잡해졌다. 보 하류에서도 모래톱이 확장되면서 식생이 정착되지 않은 나지형 사주가 나타나고, 유수성 서식처가 증가하였다. 이러한 변화들을 종합하면 보 개방후 서식처다양도 지수가 크게 향상되는 것을 실증적으로 규명하였다. 앞으로 이러한 연구를 기반으로 모래톱의 생태계 가치를 하천관리와 복원에 적용할 수 있는 응용생태 분야의 연구기술 개발이 더욱 요구된다.