• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1229-1233
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• 2006

To find the candidate genes concerned with ovulation rate of sheep, Differential Display Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction was employed to find the differently expressed cDNA controlling ovulation in the Small Tail Han sheep of polyembryony and in Tan sheep of single birth. Twenty-four primer pairs of three anchored primers and eight arbitrary primers were assembled to amplify the specialized bands from these sheep. Positive cross tests were applied to optimize the ascertainable PCR conditions in which different special bands can be identified by silver strain in one PCR tube. After eliminating the false positive PCR products by Northern hybridization, 24 differential display bands were acquired from the ovary in the Small Tail Han sheep. These EST bands were sequenced and 18 different ESTs were found in which five ESTs had several copies and 13 ESTs had only one copy. Comparing these ESTs with homologous sequences by BLAST in the GenBank, there were six ESTs with known open reading frame (ORF) and function, three ESTs with known ORF and no function, and 9 ESTs without homologous sequence. These ESTs partly represent several genes such as NOS2, tensin, TCRA, CDKN1A, ESR1 and ACTB which express especially in Small Tail Han sheep.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.397-402
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• 1999

The open-chain hexadentate $N_6$, ligand containing two pyridyl groups, 1,15-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,6,10,14-tetraazapentadecane (bpyped) has been synthesized as its tetrahydroehloride salt and characterized by EA, IR, NMR, and Mass. Its proton dissociation constants($logK{^n}_H$) and stability constants ($log\;K_{ML}$) for Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions were determined at $25^{\circ}C$ and ionic strength 0.10 M($KNO_3$) in aqueous solution by potentiometry and compared with those or analogous $N_6$ ligands contain one or two propylenic spacers, which make six-membered chelate rings, between the aliphatic nitrogen atoms.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.275-288
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• 2004

The rising of east-north economic bloc is notable in world economy due to the rapidly growth of china economy. The China's economic standing is gradually higher and higher because the joining of the WTO at 2001, development of the exterior open-door policy and the expansion of the trade between chain and several nations. Since Korea and China normalized diplomatic ties in 1992, the two have made remarkable progress in bilateral relations in the fields of economy and diplomacy in particular. The amount of Korea's trade with China has increased by over 20% a year on the average because of the development of the economic cooperation of Korea and China. That is to say, China was sixth trade partner by the end of 1993, based on the amount of trade. But China became third partner at 1993, second partner at 2003 and first partner at the first half of 2004, based on the amount of trade. Korea can not trade with China from the Korea's port opening period to Cold War period after second world war. But historically, the two countries have shared a active and long history of trade relations from the ancient times up to now. This is because two countries get near geographically and two countries have a implication of history and culture. Not only had Korea trade with China at prehistoric age, but also at BC 7. We knew that Korea had traded with China very actively at ancient times through the Paekje(Korea's ancient country) people's village at Santung province and Changbogo's trade works. Korea-china trade relation has played an important role for the development of world economy. Therefor, based on reviewing the korea-china trade, I study the historical meaning of the trade at the region of east-north asia.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 1979

This study was to explore the characteristics of 6 mole% CaO stabilized $ZrO_2$ prepared by wet chemical methods. The results of the experiments were as follows: 1. The powder calcined at 1000$^{\circ}$-110$0^{\circ}C$ was partly agglomerated. The morphology of agglomerate was spherical of 0.5-1$\mu{m}$ in size for Hot Petroleum Drying Method, chain-like of 1-2$\mu{m}$ for Freeze Drying Method, and irreqular of 2-3$\mu{m}$ for Coprecipitation Method. 2. Optimum calcining conditions for powder prepared by wet chemical methods were found: 110$0^{\circ}C$, 2h in air for Hot Petroleum Drying Method and Freeze Drying Method, and 100$0^{\circ}C$, 2h in air for Coprecipitation Method. 3. When specimen was calcined at 1000$^{\circ}$-110$0^{\circ}C$ in air for 2h and then sintered at 1$600^{\circ}C$ in air for 4h, the specimens prepared by wet chemical methods showed a high sintered density (94% of theoretical density) and a low open porosity (<0.8%); however, the sintered density of the specimen prepared by Oxide Wet Mixing Method was 90%. 4. The amount of cubic phase of sintered body prepared by wet chemical methods was observed to be higher than the one prepared by Oxide Wet Mixing Method. 5. It was found that Hot petroleum Drying Method, Freeze Drying Method and Coprecipitation Method were nearly the same in respect of the results of stabilization grade and sintered density of CaO-stabilized $ZrO_2$.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Most exercise for Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) has focused on selectively strengthening the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO). Although open chain knee extension exercises are effective for increasing overall quadriceps strength, they are not always indicated for PFPS rehabilitation. This study was designed to identify the effect of combined posture of lower extremity on Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) and VMO during static squat exercises. The subjects were twenty young adult males who had not experienced any knee injury and their Q-angle was within a normal range. They were asked to perform static squat exercises in five various postures using their lower extremities. The EMG activity of the VL and VMO were recorded in five exercises by surface electrodes and normalized by %MVC values derived from seated, isometric knee extensions. The normalized EMG activity levels (%MVC) of the VL and VMO for the five postures of the lower extremities were compared using one way ANOVA with repeated measures. Results of repeated measures of ANOVA's revealed that exercise 3 and exercise 5 produced significantly greater EMG activity of VMO/VL ratios than exercise 1 (p<.05). When the static squat exercise was combined with hip adduction and toes pointed outwardly, the EMG activity of VMO/VL rates was increased. The EMG activity of VMO/VL ratio was highest during static squat exercises performed on a decline squat. These results haveimportant implications for progressive and selective VMO muscle strengthening exercises in PFPS patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

The full-length cDNA of the porcine peroxisomal ${\Delta}^3$,${\Delta}^2$-enoyl-CoA isomerase (PECI) gene encodes a monofunctional peroxisomal ${\Delta}^3$,${\Delta}^2$-enoyl-CoA isomerase. Cloning and sequencing of the porcine PECI cDNA revealed the presence of an 1185-base pair open reading frame predicted to encode a 394-amino acid protein by the 5'rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'RACE) and EST sequences. The porcine PECI gene was expressed in seven tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, skeletal muscle, fat) which was revealed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The porcine PECI was mapped to SSC71/2 p11-13 using the somatic cell hybrid panel (SCHP) and the radiation hybrid panel (RH) (LOD score 12.84). The data showed that PECI was closely linked to marker S0383. A C/T single nucleotide polymorphism in PECI exon 10 (3'UTR) was detected as a PvuII PCR-RFLP. Association analysis in our experimental pig population showed that different genotypes of PECI gene were significantly associated with the Average Backfat thickness (ABF) (p<0.05) and Buttock backfat thickness (p<0.01).

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2015

Purpose: This study evaluates a new banana bulk packaging method under the real transport conditions of Sri Lanka. Methods: A field evaluation of optimized 8-mm thick Styrofoam sheets used as the cushioning material was applied. A trial transport was conducted from Thambuttegama to Colombo using a medium-sized open truck, with banana leaves as the control material. Data were recorded at the farmer, transporter, retailer, and consumer stages of the supply chain. Mechanical damage, physiological loss in weight, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, ripeness index, visual quality ratings, and the physical damage index of the bananas were measured at each stage. A cost-benefit analysis was also conducted for both packaging methods. Results: The 8-mm styrofoam sheets significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the mechanical damage from 26.3% to 12.9% compared to the conventional method for long-distance transport, and the physiological loss in weight showed a decrease of 2.88%. The loss of firmness of the fruits followed a simmilar pattern for both methods until reaching the retailer, but at the consumer was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the control. However, the physical damage index at the retail stage for the control showed symptoms of physical injury, whereas the bananas transported using the cushioning materials exhibited only minor symptoms. Further, the visual quality of the fruits after transport from the farmer to the consumer was preserved, which is one of the main factors affecting consumer preference and retail price. The proposed method increases the profit margin by 51.2% for Embul bananas owing to the reduced postharvest losses. Conclusion: The 8-mm thick Styrofoam sheets reduced the physical damage to the bananas, with the quality parameters maintained at the prefered level. Moreover, profits may be increased.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.153-159
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• 2001

In order to clone the peptide synthetase gene form Lysobacter lactamgenus IFO 14,288, the gene fragments were amplified using primers for the adenylation domain and the thionylation domain of the peptide synthetase genes in other organisms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The resulting 0.5-kb fragment was cloned in a pGEM-T vector, and the nucleotide sequences were determined. Six different PCR products were obtained; three were identified to be a part of L-$\alpha$-aminoadipyl-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) synthetase and three to be other peptide synthetases. Using each of the two different classes of PCR products as mixed probes, a cosmid library of L. lactamgenus chromosomal DNA constructed in a pHC79 vector was screened by an in situ hybridization procedure, and one positive clone was selected which was bound by peptide synthetase gene fragments as well as ACV synthetase gene fragments. The partial sequence analysis formt he obtained pPTS-5 cosmid showed th presence of more than two open reading frames. These were for two putative membrane transporters, which were homologous with several integral membrane proteins including the ABC transporter ATP-binding protein of E. coli (YbjZ) and the metal ion uptake protein of Bacillus subtilis (YvrN). A 45% homology was also found between the two transporter proteins at the carboxy terminus. Through a hydropathy analysis and transmembrane analysis. 4-5 transmembrane domains were found in these two proteins. When the genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, the gene products inhibited the hose cell growth, probably due to the disturbance of the membrane transport system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.278-281
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• 2004

The $\alpha$1,6-mannosyltransferase encoded by Saccharomyces cerevisiae OCH1 plays a key role for the outer chain initiation of the N-linked oligosaccharides. A search for Hansenula polymorpha genes homologous to S. cerevisiae OCHI (ScOCH1) has revealed seven open reading frames (ORF100, ORF142, ORF168, ORF288, ORF379, ORF576, ORF580). All of the seven ORFs are predicted to be a type II integral membrane protein containing a transmembrane domain near the amino-terminal region and has a DXD motif, which has been found in the active site of many glycosyltransferases. Among this seven-membered OCH1 gene family of H. polymorpha, we have carried out a functional analysis of H. polymorpha ORF168 (HpOCH2) showing the highest identity to ScOCH1. Inactivation of this protein by disruption of corresponding gene resulted in several phenotypes suggestive of cell wall defects, including hypersensitivity to hygromycin B and sodium deoxycholate. The structural analysis of N-glycans synthesized in HpOCH2-disrupted strain (Hpoch2Δ) and the in vitro $\alpha$1,6-mannosyltransferase activity assay strongly indicate that HpOch2p is a key enzyme adding the first $\alpha$1,6-mannose residue on the core glycan Man$_{8}$GlcNAc$_2$. The Hpoch2Δ was further genetically engineered to synthesize a recombinant glycoprotein with the human compatible N-linked oligosaccharide, Man$_{5}$GlcNAc$_2$, by overexpression of the Aspergillus saitoi $\alpha$1,2-mannosidase with the 'HDEL” ER retention signal.gnal.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

A new isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), identified as Li-CMV was isolated from a diseased Korean native lily (Lithium tsingtauense Gilg). Biological and serological properties of Li-CMV were characterized, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, restriction enzyme profiling of RT-PCR products, and nucleotide sequence analysis of RNA3 of the virus were performed in this study. Remarkable differences in symptoms between Li-CMV and ordinary CMV strains were found in tobacco plants and Datura stramonium. Li-CMV-infected tobacco plants (cv. Xanthi-nc and cv. Samsun) induced chlorotic ringspots on uninoculated upper leaves, and the symptom expression was delayed or faint whereas, ordinary CMV strains induced green mosaic symptoms on the plant. Systemic infections were observed on Nicotiana benthamiana with severe mosaic symptom. Restriction mapping analysis of RT-PCR products using MspI showed that Li-CMV belonged to CMV subgroup I. A full-length CDNA copy of RNA3 for the virus was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The RNA3 of Li-CMV was 2, 232 nucleotides long, and consisted of two open reading frames of 843 and 657 bases encoding 3a protein (movement protein) and coat protein, respectively. Results of this study indicate that Li-CMV is a novel strain and belongs to subgroup I of CMV in the genus Cucumovirus.