• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.205-216
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• 2011

The smart phone is globally spreading, since the Apple rolled out the iPhone. Thereafter the smart phone ecosystem is being reorganized and strongly governed by the Apple and Google, the mobile OS providers. And the mobile carriers are pushed out of the ecosystem with the progress of the dump pipe. Even though the South Korea has the strong position as a global leader in ICT industries, it have not properly coped with this new situation and is falling to the follower in the smart phone era. Therefore it should try to take advantage of the current of the times like its component industry who already enjoys the fruit. This paper reveals the new structure of the ecosystem along its value chain with the digital open markets, OS providers, phone manufacturers, and mobile carriers. And it shows the economic spillover effects using the input-output analysis. Consequently, this paper will provide the valuable implications to companies in setting up the efficient strategies and the regulator in promoting the ICT industry.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.1 s.80
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• pp.1-5
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• 1997

The cDNA encoding ${\beta}-tubulin$ of Pleurotus sajor-caju was isolated using an internal gene segment probe amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of genomic DNA and by cDNA library screening. The cDNA was consisted of 1560 nucleotides(nt), including a 5'-untranslation region (UTR) of 27nt, an open reading frame (ORF) of 1341nt, and a 3'-UTR of 191nt. The ORF encoded a protein of 446 amino acids(aa), which shows over 80% homology with ${\beta}-tubulins$ of other filamentous fungi. Southern hybridization analysis showed that there were two isotypes of ${\beta}-tubulin$ genes in P. sajor-caju. Through sequence analysis we found that ${\beta}-tubulin$ had a unusual $Cys^{165}$ residue, which might be a significant factor for the insensitivity of fungi to fungicide benomyl.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 1995

Sequence analysis of a DNA region encompassing the site of hybridization to actl, the gene for type II minimal polyketide synthase (PKS) for actinorhodin biosynthesis, from Streptomyces ablus revealed three more complete open reading frames additional to the already found two genes, plausibly encoding ${\beta}-ketoacyl$ synthase/acyl transferase (KS/AT) and chain length determining factor (ClF). The open reading frames (ORFs) were named salA, salD, and salE, from the upstream. In the homology analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences, SalA resembles the Streptomyces glaucescens Tcml, decaketide cyclase, SalD resembles acyl carrier protein in type II PKS, and SalE resembles the Actlll ketoreductase, The whole 4.4 kb of DNA sequence obeys the same conservation pattern as other type II PKSs. Therefore, we suggest that the 4.4 kb DNA from Streptomyces albus encompasses genes encoding enzymes for polyketide biogenesis in the organism and its organization is type II. The exsitence of SaIA, an analogue of the aromatic cyclase, revealed a relatedness of the 4.4 kb DNA with the aromatic PKS.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.57-71
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• 2002

Cervical pain is a rapid increase that is owing to a flexion-extension whiplash injury, unappropriated posture, chronical repetition injury from abdominal position of head and neck, excessive repeating work, chronical deficiency of excercise. Because of that is bring about muscle unbalance, tightness of cervical extensor muscle, weakness of cervical deep flexor muscles, instability of cervical region and reduction of proprioceptive sensor. Recent the role of muscle is more emphasized for preservation of sine stabilization. And cognition of integrated muscular system, importance for the operation and relation is increased to maintain stability of the motor system and pertinent function. Therefore we are going to introduce the sling exercise and stabilization exercise method for advanced efficient of cervical and upper limb and for the muscle strengthening to importance cervical stabilization through neurological program as control the reaction of cervical stabilization. Sling exercise therapy(SET) concept consists of a system of diagnosis and treatment. The system of diagnosis involves testing the muscle's tolerance through progressive loading in open and close kinetic chains. The SET system contains elements such as relaxation, increasing the range of movement, traction, training the stabilizing musculature, sensory-motor exercises, training in open and close kinetic chains, dynamic training of the mobilizing musculature, cardiovascular exercise, group exercise, personal exercise at home Sensory-motor training is an essential element of the SET concept. The emphasis is on closed kinetic chain exercise on an unstable surface, there by achieving optimum stimulation of the sensory-motor apparatus.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose a ESP(Extended Scan Path) architecture for multi-board testing. The conventional architectures for board testing are single scan path and multi-scan path. In the single scan path architecture, the scan path for test data is just one chain. If the scan path is faulty due to short or open, the test data is not valid. In the multi-scan path architecture, there are additional signals in multi-board testing. So conventional architectures are not adopted to multi-board testing. In the case of the ESP architecture, even though scan path is either short or open, it doesn't affect remaining other scan paths. As a result of executing parallel BIST and IEEE 1149.1 boundary scan test by using the proposed ESP architecture, we observed that the test time is short compared with the single scan path architecture. By comparing the ESP architecture with single scan path responding to independency of scan path, test time and with multi-scan path responding to signal, synchronization, we showed that the architecture has improved results.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 1999

Pseudomonas iodinum IFO 3558 adenosine deaminase(ADA) gene was cloned by the polymerase chain reaction and deduced the amino acid sequence of the enzyme. DNA sequence homology of Pseudomonas iodinum IFO 3558 ADA gene was compared to those of E. coli, human and mouse ADA genes. Unambiguous sequence from both strands of pM21 was obtained for the region believed to encode ADA. The sequence included a 804-nucleotide open reading frame, bounded on one end by sense primer and on the other end by two antisense primer. This open reading frame encodes a protein of 268 amino acids having a molecular weight of 29,448. The deduced amino acid sequence shows considerable similarity to those of E. coli, mouse and human ADA. Pseudomonas iodinum IFO 3558 nucleotide sequence shows 98.5% homology with that of the E. coli ADA sequence and 51.7% homology with that of the mouse ADA sequence and 52.5% homology with that of the human ADA sequence. The ADA protein sequence of Pseudomonas iodinum IFO 3558 shows 96.9% homology with that of the E. coli and 40.7% homology with that of the mouse and 41.8% homology with that of the human. The distance between two of the conserved elements, TVHAGE and SL(1)NTDDP has veen exactly conserved at 76 amino acids for all four ADAs. Two of the four conserved sequence elements shared among the four ADAs are also present in the yeast, rat, human (M), and Human(L) AMP deaminase. The SLSTDDP sequence differs only in the conservative substitution of a serine for an asparagine. A conserved cysteine with conserved spacing between these two regions is also found. Thus, sequence analysis of four ADAs and four AMP deaminases revealed the presence of a highly conserved sequence motif, SLN(S)TDDP, a conserved dipeptide, HA, and a conserved cysteine residue.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.636-644
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• 1991

The cationic polymerization of substituted oxethanes which have pendant energetic groups such as methoxy, azido, and nitrato are investigated theoretically using the semiempirical MINDO/3, MNDO, and AM1 methods. The nucleophilicity and basicity of substituted oxethanes can be explained by the negative charge on oxygen atom of oxetanes. The reactivity of propagation in the polymerization of oxetanes can be represented by the positive charge on carbon atom and the low LUMO energy of active species of oxetanes. The reaction of the energetic cyclic oxonium ion forms to the open chain carbenium ion forms is expected by computational stability energy of the oxonium and carbenium ion (about 10~20 kcal/mole) favoring the carbenium ion. The relative equilibrium concentration of cyclic oxonium and open carbenium ions is found to be a major determinant of mechanism, owing to the rapid equilibrium of these cation forms and the expectation based on clauclation that the prepolymer propagation step SN1 mechanism will be at least as fast as that for SN2 mechanism.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2001.10d
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• pp.538-545
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 오픈 도메인에서 동작할 수 있는 질의 응답 시스템(Open-domain Question Answer ing System)을 구현하고 영어권 TREC에 참가한 결과를 기술하였다. 정답 유형을 18개의 상위 노드를 갖는 계층구조로 분류하였고, 질문 처리에서는 LSP(Lexico-Semantic Pattern)으로 표현된 문법을 사용하여 질문의 정답 유형을 결정하고, lemma 형태와 WordNet 의미, stem 형태의 3가지 유형의 키워드로 구성된 질의를 생성한다. 이 질의를 바탕으로, 패시지 선택에서는 문서검색 엔진에 의해 검색된 문서들을 문장단위로 나눠 정수를 계산하고, 어휘체인(Lexical Chain)을 고려하여 인접한 문장을 결합하여 패시지를 구성하고 순위를 결정한다. 상위 랭크의 패시지를 대상으로, 정답 처리에서는 질문의 정답 유형에 따라 품사와 어휘, 의미 정보로 기술된 LSP 매칭과 AAO (Abbreviation-Appositive-Definition) 처리를 통해 정답을 추출하고 정수를 계산하여 순위를 결정한다. 구현된 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해 TREC10 QA Track의 main task의 질문들 중, 200개의 질문에 대해 TRIC 방식으로 자체 평가를 한 결과, MRR(Mean Reciprocal Rank)은 0.341로 TREC9의 상위 시스템들과 견줄 만한 성능을 보였다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2001

The development of filament stretching extensional rheometers over the past decade has enabled the systematic measurement of the transient extensional stress growth in dilute and semi-dilute polymer solutions. The strain-hardening in the extensional viscosity of dilute solutions overwhelms the perturbative effects of capillarity, inertia & gravity and the kinematics of the extensional deformation become increasingly homogeneous at large strains. This permits the development of a robust open-loop control algorithm for rapidly realizing a deformation with constant stretch history that is desired for extensional rheometry. For entangled fluids such as concentrated solutions and melts the situation is less well defined since the material functions are governed by the molecular weight between entanglements, and the fluids therefore show much less pronounced strain-hardening in transient elongation. We use experiments with semi-dilute/entangled and concentrated/entangled monodisperse polystyrene solutions coupled with time-dependent numerical computations using nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equations such as the Giesekus model in order to show that an open-loop control strategy is still viable for such fluids. Multiple iterations using a successive substitution may be necessary, however, in order to obtain the true transient extensional viscosity material function. At large strains and high extension rates the extension of fluid filaments in both dilute and concentrated polymer solutions is limited by the onset of purely elastic instabilities which result in necking or peeling of the elongating column. The mode of instability is demonstrated to be a sensitive function of the magnitude of the strain-hardening in the fluid sample. In entangled solutions of linear polymers the observed transition from necking instability to peeling instability observed at high strain rates (of order of the reciprocal of the Rouse time for the fluid) is directly connected to the cross-over from a reptative mechanism of tube orientation to one of chain extension.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2016

Pro-inflammatory cytokine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are modulated in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated the effects of ibuprofen (IBU) on enhanced anxiety in a rat model of PTSD induced by a single prolonged stress (SPS) procedure. The effects of IBU on inflammation and BDNF modulation in the hippocampus and the mechanisms underlying for anxiolytic action of IBU were also investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given IBU (20 or 40 mg/kg, i.p., once daily) for 14 days. Daily IBU (40 mg/kg) administration significantly increased the number and duration of open arm visits in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, reduced the anxiety index in the EPM test, and increased the time spent in the center of an open field after SPS. IBU administration significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, $interleukin-1{\beta}$, and BDNF, in the hippocampus, as assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry. These findings suggest that IBU exerts a therapeutic effect on PTSD that might be at least partially mediated by alleviation of anxiety symptoms due to its anti-inflammatory activity and BDNF expression in the rat brain.