• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-115
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• 2001

This paper seek to clarify a narrow set of policy issues relating to the international trade aspects of electronic commerce. It focuses, in particular, on the WTO decision not impose customs duties on electronically delivered products. The decision on duty-free commerce is intended to contribute to the growth of electronic commerce by providing a guarantee of open trading conditions, but the significance of the decision may have been exaggerated. In particular, the prohibition of customs duties does not ensure continued open market access for electronically delivered products and may even prompt recourse to inferior instruments of protection. Accordingly, barrier-free electronic commerce would be more effectively secured by deepening and widening the limited cross-border trade commitments under the GATS and by clarifying and strengthening certain GATS disciplines.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2017

This study began to learn wether or not satisfaction factor of rural tourism is effective to visit for the ordinary foreign people. Research method was parallel-site investigation literature, questionnaire. The analytical data of the study, literature 40 reviews, questionnaire 179 survey in 200 of the subject was using. Measurement and scale was set factors of satisfaction with 'Transportation Infrastructure', 'Festival Experience Program', 'Place', 'Room and Food', 'Local People', and 'Buying the Local Product' through the previous studies and preliminary survey. In the statistical analysis method, frequency analysis, crosstabs, multiple regression analysis and a structural equation model analysis was performed, using SPSS and AMOS program. The Structural analysis results showed 'Place' and 'Local People' have an positive effect on the 'Overall Satisfaction'. Satisfaction of the 'Festival ExperienceProgram', had a major impact also 'Intention of Revisit'. Finally for rural tourism fascination, the contents such as the distinctive local attraction, human resources, information transmission and convenient use is more important than the format and scale.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.869-875
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• 2011

Ministry of Environment has been promoting BTL business of the sewer rehabilitation which continues from 2005 up to now. Sewer rehabilitation is classified into three parts : wastewater pipe rehabilitation, rainwater pipe rehabilitation and drainage equipment rehabilitation. Drainage equipment rehabilitation is that drainage pipe connects wastewater pipe directly without water-purifier. In the drainage equipment construction, it is inevitable to have the damage of ground structures(wall, gate and U drain, etc) when an open excavation method is used. Therefore it is necessary to develop non-excavation method to connect drainage pipe and wastewater pipe like jacking method to avoid the damage of ground structure. This paper has conducted an analysis of the non-excavation method using a boring machine attached to backhoe, which is issued the verification certificate of environmental technology according to the Development of and Support for Environmental Technology Act, article.7. The index set in this analysis was sectionalized to the condition of construction, the grade of drainage pipe, the size of excavated hole, the amount of waste cement concrete and asphalt concrete and the benefit effect compared to open excavation method.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.87-97
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• 2019

Purpose - This study focuses on the effectiveness of the athlete endorsement on the purchase intention of customers and investigates the attributes of the athlete identification. The Athlete Identification is defined by the expertise, trustworthiness, attractiveness, toughness and transgression. Athlete identification and athlete endorsement help marketers with a thorough look at the trend of using famous sports player to promote products. Research design and methodology - 450 questionnaires were delivered to respondents in Ho Chi Minh city and 433 were returned completed. Descriptive statistics, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted to test the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Results - The expertise, trustworthiness, attractiveness and toughness exert positive impacts on athlete identification. Transgression affects negatively athlete identification and athlete endorsement. This research confirmed results of previous studies. Conclusions - The athlete first needs to create their own Identification from a set of attributes in order to be out-standing in the sport and leisure industry before becoming an endorser for a particular product. From the company's perspectives, decision makers should choose an acclaimed sports player to boost the purchase intention of consumers.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.503-510
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• 2010

This paper proposes the use of fuzzy applications to a 4-machine and 10-bus system to check stability in open conditions. Fuzzy controllers and the excitation of a synchronous generator are added. Power system stabilizers (PSSs) are added to the excitation system to enhance damping during low frequency oscillations. A fuzzy logic power system stabilizer (PSS) for stability enhancement of a multi-machine power system is also presented. To attain stability enhancement, speed deviation ($\Delta\omega$) and acceleration ($\Delta\varpi$) of the Kota Thermal synchronous generator rotor are taken as inputs to the fuzzy logic controller. These variables have significant effects on the damping of generator shaft mechanical oscillations. The stabilizing signals are computed using fuzzy membership functions that are dependent on these variables. The performance of the fuzzy logic PSS is compared with the open power system, after which the simulations are tested under different operating conditions and changes in reference voltage. The simulation results are quite encouraging and satisfactory. Similarly, the system is tested for the different defuzzification methods, and based on the results, the centroid method elicits the best possible system response.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.214-218
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• 2014

This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid and reliable method for the estimation of crude protein (CP) fractions in forage legume mixtures (sudangrass and pea mixture, and kidney bean and potato mixture). A total of 178 samples were collected and their spectral reflectance obtained in the range of 400~2,500 nm. Of these, 50 samples were selected for calibration and validation, and 35 samples were used for calibration of the data set, and the modified partial least square regression (MPLSR) analysis was performed. The correlation coefficient ($r^2$) and the standard error of cross-validation (SECV) of the calibration models in the CP fractions, A, B1, B2, B3, and C, were 0.94 (1.05), 0.92 (0.74), 0.96 (0.95), 0.91 (0.42), and 0.83 (0.38), respectively. Fifteen samples were used for equation validation, and the $r^2$ and the standard error of prediction (SEP) were 0.87 (1.45), 0.91 (0.49), 0.94 (1.13), 0.36 (0.96), and 0.74 (0.67), respectively. This study showed that NIRS could be an effective tool for the rapid and precise estimation of CP fractions in forage legume mixtures.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.74-84
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine symbolic meanings of costumes shown by portraits of King Henry VIII and use them as basic data for research on costume design of historical dramas in the Renaissance or on King Henry VIII's costume. This study attempted analysis of symbolic meanings from the paintings-related various domestic and overseas literatures, preliminary study paper, and web sites etc. The symbolic meanings expressed by the portraits of King Henry VIII are characterized by authority, innovation performance, authority, masculinity, innovation performance, artistic taste, intellectual charm, intrepidity and benevolence. Especially, the portraits of King Henry VIII symbolized his masculine beauty by emphasizing sexual attractiveness that cannot be seen in portraits of other kings through broad shoulders and exaggerated codpiece which are the zenith of masculine beauty during the Renaissance age. Through the image of King Henry VIII which was painted with jester or barber surgeons, his characteristic and open mind thinking highly of the technique and human life was also expressed. In the portrait of King Henry VIII, various images set in knights' tournament, playing a musical instrument and reading a book as well as the image of wearing a parliament costume were shown, highlighting King Henry VIII as a person good at both literary and martial arts with open and innovative personality than any other kings in history.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.61.2-61.2
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• 2014

We present a set of fiducial sequences of horizontal-branch stars in bright Galactic globular clusters, which have previously been observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We derive fiducial lines on color-magnitude diagrams in multiple color indices (g - r, g - i, g - z, and u - g), after rejecting foreground and background objects as well as RR Lyrae variables utilizing these color indices. We compare our fiducial sequences with model predictions from Yonsei-Yale evolutionary tracks and BaSel spectral libraries, and find a satisfactory agreement between them in terms of their color-magnitude relations, except in u - g. We also compare theoretical models to color-magnitude diagrams of two open clusters (M67 and NGC 6791). Based on our best available cluster distance and reddening, we find that the mass of red clump (RC) stars in NGC 6791 is about a factor of two smaller than an earlier estimate from the application of asteroseismic scaling relations for solar-like oscillations. The smaller RC mass implies an enhanced mass loss along the red giant branch, which is in accordance with other compelling evidences found in this metal-rich system. Our estimated luminosity of RC stars in NGC 6791 is about 0.2 mag fainter than in earlier investigations based on solar-metallicity calibrations, and results in ~10% reduction in the RC-based distance estimation, when applied to metal-rich systems such as in the Galactic bulge.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.180-187
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• 2000

A moving-coil-type linear oscillatory actuator(LOA) consists of the NdFeB permanent magnets with high specific energy as the stator, a coil-wrapped nonmagnetic hollow rectangular structure. The LOA system was represented by the voltage equation of coil and the mechanical equation of motion. This set of equations was manipulated in state-space form. The EMF constant kE of equation parameters in state-space form can be obtained by using the induced voltage in armature coils at open circuit test. kE and other parameters provide the system matrices and transfer function for frequency response and dynamic simulation. Voltage source inverter-fed LOA is examined aiming to compare with results of simulation.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1064-1071
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• 2019

Multiview stereo matching algorithm is used to reconstruct 3D shape from a set of 2D images. Conventional multiview stereo algorithms have been implemented on high-performance hardware due to the heavy complexity that contains a large number of calculations in each step. However, as the performance of mobile graphics processors has recently increased rapidly, complex computer vision algorithms can now be implemented on mobile devices like a smartphone and an embedded board. In this paper we parallelize an multiview stereo algorithm using OpenCL on mobile GPU and provide various optimization techniques on the embedded hardware with limited resource.