• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1407-1415
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the relationship between noise reduction and the community structure of nine groups of typical plant communities as well as the reduction in noise at different frequencies. The semantic differential method was adopted to explore the perception of noise reduction. The results indicated that there was a significantly positive correlation between noise reduction and coverage, a significantly negative correlation between noise reduction and bifurcate height, and a negative correlation between noise reduction and bare rate. However, there was no significant correlation between noise reduction and height, diameter at breast height, or crown width. The reduction of middle-frequency noise was better than that of low- and high-frequency noise. The indicators "quiet" and "calm" showed that plant communities could reduce the noise perceived by humans. However, overly dense woodland caused nervousness, fear, depression, and other negative effects. Relatively open environments and those with large forest gaps obtained the highest evaluation.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.187-200
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• 2011

We present the design and implementation of a novel anti-malware system called SplitScreen. SplitScreen performs an additional screening step prior to the signature matching phase found in existing approaches. The screening step filters out most non-infected files (90%) and also identifiesmalware signatures that are not of interest (99%). The screening step significantly improves end-to-end performance because safe files are quickly identified and are not processed further, and malware files can subsequently be scanned using only the signatures that are necessary. Our approach naturally leads to a network-based anti-malware solution in which clients only receive signatures they needed, not every malware signature ever created as with current approaches. We have implemented SplitScreen as an extension to ClamAV, the most popular open source anti-malware software. For the current number of signatures, our implementation is $2{\times}$ faster and requires $2{\times}$ less memory than the original ClamAV. These gaps widen as the number of signatures grows.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.174-184
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• 2015

This paper reviewed structure and current status of laws related to patient safety using patient safety law matrix to promote systematic approach in legal system of patient safety. Laws related to patient safety can be divided into three areas: laws for preventing; laws for knowing about; and laws for responding. In the case of Korea, gaps are especially prominent in the areas of laws for knowing about and responding. Patient safety law which will be enacted in July 2016 will fill the gap in the area of laws for knowing about. This law will be comprehensive law, covering the full spectrum of laws related to patient safety. However, after reviewing current patient safety law in Korea, the following drawbacks were identified: absence of code for grasping the current patient safety level; absence of code for mandatory reporting in patient safety reporting system; and absence of code for privilege about patient safety work product. Furthermore we need wider discussions about covering issues of open disclosure, apology law, coroners system, and complaint management system in patient safety law.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2021

The present study seeks to investigate the degree of awareness that constitutes the audit gap expectations (AEG) to determine which audit responsibilities can be narrowed or even eliminated. The author had surveyed a sample comprising four groups including auditors, auditees, the financial community, and other interest groups. In this survey, 1400 questionnaires were sent to the respondents, and the total number of responses was 454. The collected data was processed using statistical software SPSS, version 22. The Chi-Square test was used to analyze the effect of professional differences on AEG. The results of this study indicate that AEG cannot be eliminated due to the occupational impact of each survey group (about 46%), but it can be narrowed down to 54%, including a reduction of 11% in the knowledge gap (lack of public knowledge), 13% in the reasonable expectations gap (unqualified audit quality), 30% in the deficient standards gap (limited auditing standards). These results could be attained by improving training, communicating, and adding more responsibilities. This is the first study that provides another method of measuring the contribution of the knowledge gap through professional differences and professional gaps that make up each of the AEG's components.

• 농촌계획
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2022

As a portal to rural town, Myeon near large cities is expected to represent image of the rural area. But, the landscape are changing rapidly due to development pressure and to the expansion of the transportation network. For visitors and transit traffic, Recognizing that the characteristics of the streetscape is an important task for the vitalization of the rural district. In particular, it was found that the visual quantity of the central street in the location of the town was closely related to the preference of the streetscape, and the visual quantity of trees and the visual quantity of the building showed an inverse relationship of + and - respectively. Since this is not a simple ratio of the sky to the building, but a relative factor, the possibility of landscape improvement can be improved through management of public facilities or green spaces and maintenance of open spaces or gaps between buildings. It seems that it is necessary to secure separate means for the management of the architectural landscape, such as the establishment of a special landscape plan or establishment of ordinances.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.745-763
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• 2021

For a value s ∈ ℂ∪ {∞}, two meromorphic functions f and g are said to share the value s, CM, (or IM), provided that f(z)-s and g(z)-s have the same set of zeros, counting multiplicities, (respectively, ignoring multiplicities). We say that a meromorphic function f shares s ∈ Ŝ partially with a meromorphic function g if E(s, f) ⊆ E(s, g). It is easy to see that "partially shared values CM" are more general than "shared values CM". With the help of partially shared values, in this paper, we prove some uniqueness results between a non-constant meromorphic function and its generalized differences or shifts. We exhibit some examples to show that the result of Charak et al. [8] is not true for k = 2 or k = 3. We find some gaps in proof of the result of Lin et al. [24]. We not only correct these resuts, but also generalize them in a more convenient way. We give a number of examples to validate certain claims of the main results of this paper and also to show that some of conditions are sharp. Finally, we pose some open questions for further investigation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2022

The simple regression model (SRM) is used in this study to look at potential economic growth-influencing factors. The sample's period runs from 2005 to 2019. The data was gathered from various ministries and government agencies such as the Central Bank of Afghanistan's Statistical Bulletin, the World Bank, the United Nations (UN), World Bank open data, NASA, Ministry of Finance (MoF), Ministry of Economy (MoE), and Central Bank of Afghanistan's Statistical Bulletin (CBA), as well as the internet and news. There is an urgent need to ensure that taxes are collected in the most efficient manner possible because one of the enormous management gaps in Afghanistan over the last two decades has been tax evasion. According to the results of this study, tax evasion has a negative and significant impact on Afghanistan's economic growth. We can affirm that the subject of this article is among the most significant topics recently discussed in my country. If the right solutions are implemented, It can significantly contribute to quickening the cycle of the developing Afghan economy and turning it from an unstable to a sustainable one.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.140-156
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 현직 과학교사를 대상으로 2007년 개정 과학과 교육과정의 주요 특징의 수업 실행에 대한 인식을 파악하였다. 2007년 개정 과학과 교육과정의 주요 특징으로 창의성, 자유탐구, 과학글쓰기, 토론, STS를 다루었으며, 각 특징에 대해 교육과정의 실행을 위한 내적 특징인 필요성, 명료성, 복잡성을 기준으로 교사의 인식을 탐색하였다. 또, 2007년 개정 과학과 교육과정의 주요 내용 중에서, 특히 최소 6차시가 배정되어 실시될 예정인 자유탐구의 실행과 관련하여 교사들의 준비 및 실행에 대한 인식을 살펴보았다. 연구의 결과로서, 과학 교사들은 2007년 개정 과학과 교육과정의 주요 내용 즉, 창의성, 자유탐구, 과학글쓰기, 토론, STS를 수업에서 실행하는 것이 중요하고 필요하지만, 대체로 명료하지는 않으며, 많은 어려움이 있다고 보았다. 특히, 자유탐구의 경우 다른 주요 내용보다 더 부정적으로 인식하고 있으며, 실행 어려움의 이유는 매우 다양하고 복합적으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로, 교육과정 변화 내용을 교실 수업 현장에서 구현하기 위해서, 교육과정 개발자와 교육과정 실행자 간의 인식의 간극을 줄이고 교사의 교육과정에 대한 유의미한 해석과 실천을 높이기 위해‘이중 실행연구’(Dual Action Research) 모형을 제안하였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2023

PURPOSE. This study aims to clinically compare the fitness and trueness of zirconia crowns fabricated by different combinations of open CAD-CAM systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Total of 40 patients were enrolled in this study, and 9 different zirconia crowns were prepared per patient. Each crown was made through the cross-application of 3 different design software (EZIS VR, 3Shape Dental System, Exocad) with 3 different processing devices (Aegis HM, Trione Z, Motion 2). The marginal gap, absolute marginal discrepancy, internal gap(axial, line angle, occlusal) by a silicone replica technique were measured to compare the fit of the crown. The scanned inner and outer surfaces of the crowns were compared to CAD data using 3D metrology software to evaluate trueness. RESULTS. There were significant differences in the marginal gap, absolute marginal discrepancy, axial and line angle internal gap among the groups (P < .05) in the comparison of fit. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of occlusal internal gap. The trueness ranged from 36.19 to 43.78 ㎛ but there was no statistically significant difference within the groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION. All 9 groups showed clinically acceptable level of marginal gaps ranging from 74.26 to 112.20 ㎛ in terms of fit comparison. In the comparison of trueness, no significant difference within each group was spotted. Within the limitation of this study, open CAD-CAM systems used in this study can be assembled properly to fabricate zirconia crown.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

本研究的目的是对咖啡店的 "重要性"（顾客在光顾咖啡店以前的感知）和积极或消极的 "满意度"（顾客在光顾咖啡店以后的感受）之间的差距进行分类, 并分析这些差距对对购买行为的影响. 为此, 我使用重要性和满意度之间的差距作为选择咖啡店的解释变量, 并通过使用有序Probit模型（OPM）来实证分析差距对购买行为（整体满意度和愿意到再次光顾）的影响方向和大小. 先前使用IPA的研究评估了差距影响的方向和大小的象限, 但是在分析差距对顾客的影响方面却失败了. 在本研究中, 我评估了积极和消极的差距对顾客满意度和愿意去再光顾的影响. 通过使用OPM,我量化了积极和消极的差距对顾客整体满意度和愿意去再光顾的影响. 每个人的支出, 光顾的频率和购买咖啡的地方对顾客整体满意度有最积极的影响. 光顾的频率, 在每人的支出之后, 然后是购买咖啡的地方对顾客整体满意度有最积极的影响. 因此每个人的支出和光顾的频率对顾客整体满意度有最积极的影响. 这一发现意味着一个在咖啡店每次或每周花费5000韩元的顾客的实际的满意度越高（差距), 其整体满意度和愿意去再光顾就越高. 虽然经济效益对总体满意度和愿意去再光顾有显著影响, 但是大专和大学的学生仍然愿意去咖啡馆并愿意消费5000韩元, 因为他们不只是购买咖啡本身而且将咖啡店作为其他活动的场所, 例如工作, 和朋友见面或是放松的地方. 学院和大学的学生还可以在咖啡店通过个人电脑上网, 看电影, 学习, 因此, 咖啡馆应对顾客提供适当的设施和服务. 咖啡店品牌的积极差距对愿意去再光顾有积极的影响表明顾客满意度越高, 顾客越愿意去再光顾. 另一方面, 这一因素的消极差距意味着顾客满意度越低, 顾客再光顾的意愿也越低. 因此, 在本研究中, 与其他评估的因素相比, 品牌因素对满意度有较大的影响. 鉴于国内咖啡文化变得越来越高级, 大专院校的学生对这一趋势也很敏感, 所以学生有很多可选择的品牌. 在韩国最高级的咖啡店, 外墙是玻璃建造的并可以打开, 内部是充满异国情调的开放式厨房. 这些高级咖啡店作为标志的功能复合大专院校学生的品味. 韩国咖啡店已成为一个文化品牌. 从品牌因素来看, 为了让顾客觉得这些咖啡店是高级的, 高质量的设备和提供更好服务的措施应当建立起来. 韩国咖啡馆作为蓬勃发展的行业品牌竞争加剧的结果表明, 提供与竞争对手不同的额外服务是有必要的. 顾客可以免费使用扫描仪. 另一个可以用来提高品牌的战略是提供和经营为集体学习而准备的讨论会议室. 如果咖啡馆采取这些类型的策略, 学院/大学的学生将更有可能认为他们承担的费用是值得的, 随后, 他们将可能更满足这些咖啡馆的品牌, 并更愿意再次光顾. 性别和学习年数对总体满意度和再光顾的意愿有最消极的营销. 女学生比男学生更容易满足和再光顾. 三, 四年级的学生比一, 二年级的学生更容易满足和再光顾. 喝咖啡的学生, 单独在咖啡店看书, 用笔记本电脑是很容易被注意到的. 高年级学生为了有效地利用时间用于自我发展和寻找工作往往独自光顾咖啡店. 从积极的差距来看, 经济效率这一因素对总体满意度和愿意再光顾有最大的影响. 与咖啡价格一起, 学生实际满意度（差距）越高, 总体满意度和再光顾的意愿也越高. 有消极差距的经济效率队再光顾有消极营销的结果表明较小的消极差距可以让再光顾的意愿更高. 在持续恶化的市场环境中, 坐落在大专院校附近的咖啡店采取诸如积分或会员卡, 和信用卡 公司的战略联盟, 发展套餐菜单或季节菜单和免费咖啡服务这些战略来提高竞争力. 就消极差距而言产品功率也有消极的影响, 这表明较高的负差距会导致较低的再光顾的意愿. 因为还有更多的客户比前几十年, 在这十年里更喜欢咖啡, 新一代的客户, 即学院/大学的学生, 希望除了咖啡还有更重菜单项目. 因此, 咖啡店应当增加配菜项目, 如华夫饼, 糕, 蛋糕, 三明治和沙拉. 例如, 星巴克韩国正在努力加强卖草莓糕, 艾草香味, 南瓜产品, 并提供免费的咖啡或奶油. 总而言之, 咖啡馆应注重提高其经济效率, 品牌和产品功率, 以加强大专院校学生的满意度. 由于店铺毗邻学大专院校可享受地缘优势, 就经济效率, 品牌和产品功率而言提供不同的服务, 很可能会提高客户满意度和回访. 咖啡厅的品牌, 因此, 应不断创新和变化, 以满足顾客的愿望. 由于这项研究只是针对在首尔的大专院校的学生, 需要针对不同地区和年龄组的比较研究来概括本研究的结果和建议.