• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.157-180
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• 2010

Rapid development of information technology has generated a new industry and market. In particular, network technology such as the Internet and other computer networks made transaction activities switched from traditional offline commerce to e-commerce. Among them, digital content is bit-based object which is created and distributed through electronic environment. In particular, many entertainment contents such as the music, the movies, and the computer game softwares are main products. Although digital content commerce has high potential demand, it lacks the consideration about the factor related to maintaining existing customer such as customer loyalty and switching costs. There has been a number of research on customer loyalty and other factors affecting it in the traditional electronic commerce environment, but there is a lack of research which examines the characteristics of digital content. The study about the effect of switching costs on customer loyalty in digital content commerce is necessary because the customers of digital content commerce market are from those of other e-commerce market or traditional offline commerce market. In addition, customer loyalty and switching costs are important factors because they may build up greater customer retention. For that reason, this study focused on examining the relationships among switching costs, antecedents for switching costs, and customer loyalty in online digital music service industry. The study has three major purposes: (1) to find antecedents of switching costs on digital content commerce and examine effect of antecedents for switching costs; (2) to identify effect of switching costs on customer loyalty in digital content commerce and examine moderating effects of alternative attractiveness; (3) to identify the differences of antecedents for switching costs by contents transmission type(streaming service and downloading service). And, the online digital music service industry is selected in this study since there are many users and transactions incurring. To accomplish these purposes, a survey questionnaire was developed and distributed to 256 informants. Survey instrument was developed based on previous research and pre-established survey items. Total of 206 surveys are collected and used in the data analysis. Among the respondents, 56.8% is male and 43.2% is female. Also, 86 responses were streaming service user group and 120 responses were download service user group. These data was analyzed using regression analysis. Major findings of empirical analysis can be summarized as follows. First, switching costs have positive effect on customer loyalty in digital content commerce environment. Second, the influence of switching costs on customer loyalty increases under conditions of high alternative attractiveness. Third, DRM convenience and breadth of use have positive effect on switching costs. The findings imply that the digital content provider should pay more attention to switching costs in addition to customer satisfaction in order to attract customers. Also, increasing the convenience of DRM use by securing the convenience of user interface and expanding the support device and increasing the service use scope by providing diverse value-added service helps to create a switching barrier. The result of the study can become a practical use in marketing strategy for maintaining existing customer. In particular, switching barrier is very important under conditions of high competition in the online music service market. This study can be used as a basis for further studies about customer retention in digital content commerce.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.135-158
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to identify multidimensional motivation factors that determine the piracy of copyrighted digital music. The model is based on TPB(theory of planned behavior) as well as other models in consumer behavior. An empirical study resulted in the following findings. first Both individual's attitude toward music piracy and individual's perceived behavior control have positive impacts on the individual's behavioral intention of piracy. It turned out that perceived behavior control has a stronger impact on behavioral intention than attitude does. Second, the level of individual's moral judgment has negative impacts on both the attitude and behavioral intention toward music piracy. Third, individual's experience in music piracy positively affects the attitude, but does not directly or indirectly affect the behavior intention. Fourth, an economic gain from music piracy is not a significant factor in determining both attitude and behavioral intention. Fifth, the risk of being prosecuted for music piracy is a major factor in determining one's attitude, although the risk is not significant enough to change one's behavioral intention. This research found that individuals' intention to pirate digital music is mainly affected by the moral and ethical standards of the individuals and by the extra resources and abilities they possess. Such factors as economic gain and law enforcement were not significant enough to alter one's behavioral intention. This research is significant in that it established a behavioral model to understand the piracy of copyrighted digital music and that it empirically tested the model with Internet users in Korea. This is one of the first empirical studies in Korea to touch such ethically and perhaps politically sensitive issues as online music piracy.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.453-463
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• 2013

In this paper, we present an effective method and a system for the music summarization which automatically extract the chorus portion of a piece of music. A music summary technology is very useful for browsing a song or generating a sample music for an online music service. To develop the solution, conventional automatic music summarization methods use a 2-dimensional similarity matrix, statistical models, or clustering techniques. But our proposed method extracts the music summary by calculating BER(Bit Error Rate) between audio fingerprint blocks which are extracted from a song. But we could directly use an enormous audio fingerprint database which was already saved for a music retrieval solution. This shows the possibility of developing a various of new algorithms and solutions using the audio fingerprint database. In addition, experiments show that the proposed method captures the chorus of a song more effectively than a conventional method.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

With the popularity of mobile Internet and smart phones, the domestic digital music access platform has entered a period of rapid development. Existing studies in the academic circle have shown that experience has a positive impact on user perception and loyalty. However, the research on the relationship between brand loyalty, user perception and user experience of Internet products has not received much attention. Starting from the brand loyalty theory and user experience theory, this paper explores the mechanism of user experience, user perception and brand loyalty of digital music access platform. Based on the development status of digital music access platform in China, the purpose is to explore how the user experience of the mainstream digital music access platform can affect Usefulness Perception, Epidemic Perception. And to explore how the Usefulness Perception, Epidemic Perception can affect users' brand loyalty. also further explore the role of users' perception in this process to understand the relationship between brand and user experience. In practical operations, 398 formal questionnaires were issued online to collect first-hand data, and reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and hypothesis analysis were carried out successively on the data in the later stage. Through research, it is found that the user experience of digital music access platform has a partial significant impact on the perception and loyalty of applications. The visual presentation and emotional feelings of digital music access platform are positively correlated with the perceived usefulness of applications. The visual presentation and emotional feelings of digital music access platform are positively correlated with the perceived popularity of applications. The e perceived usefulness and perceived popularity of the digital music access platform are positively correlated with the loyalty of the application. Through this research, it has certain guiding significance to the promotion of digital music access platform's brand loyalty degree.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.37-46
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• 2020

The purpose of this survey was to examine the trend, purpose, and overall needs on the use of music by the baby boomer generation. On 87 participants aged from 57 to 66 living in five cities of Korea, online and offline surveys were conducted. As a result, first, the baby boomer generation mostly listened to popular music on their mobile phones when taking a rest alone, and it has been confirmed that the purpose of music use was for happiness, hobby, confidence, and fulfillment in order. Second, there was shown that the baby boomer generation hope to do singing and lyric-discussion in a club setting. Third, for the purpose of music use according to genders, there was found that female participants more significantly focused on volunteering than male. It is meaningful that this study could provide basic data to develop music programs considering characteristics of the baby boomer generation.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.150-167
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• 2001

This cross sectional study was done to find out the situation of computer online pornography access by 4th to 6th grade elementary school students. The subjects of this study were three elementary schools in Andong, which were selected randomly and 120 students randomly selected from 4th to 6th grade for a total of 360 students. The questionnaire was composed with the help of a community health nursing professor and through the reference review. The collected data were analysed by a PC SPSS 10.0 according to school grade and sex, an 12-test was implemented to learn what percent of students have computers and software which prohibit the viewing of online pornography, access motivation and time, content viewed, attitude after accessing the contents, and opinions about computer online pornography. The results of this study were as follows. 1. A total of 86.1% of students had computers at home. Most students placed computers in their own room, 78.9% of students had computer online communication experience. Higher grade students tended to have more experience of communications on the internet (P<0.001). Most students chatted on the internet once or twice a week and higher grade students tended to communicate online more frequently. (P<0.001). Most students used computers more than one hour a day (P<0.05). They used computers according to the following priorities: game, studying, listening to music, communications, chatting. 2. Regarding the frequency of going computer online more than seven times per week, male students showed a higher frequency than female students (P<0.05). Male students used computers more than one hour a day and female students less than half an hour (P<0.001). Male students mostly used computers to play computer games. On the other hand. female students used the computer to study, listen to music, and chat (P<0.001). 3. Regarding software installation to prevent access of computer online pornography, a total of 19.4% of students responded they installed one. but 80.6% didn't have any, 20.3% of students had accessed pornography, 46.6% of students responded. they first get to know to the computer online pornography through friends. 4. The reasons for accessing computer online pornography were ranked as follows: curiosity, interest, to release stress, and sex drive (P<0.05). Obscene contents were found in computer games, pictures, and video. Among these, pictures were the most common. 5. Regarding students' attitude toward online pornography, most students responded that they took much pleasure in the contents (P<0.05). 6. Regarding the question 'Does online pornography degrade morals and cause a sex crime', most students responded as 'no'. They also responded positively to the suggestion that the contents would be effective in preventing sex crimes and to release stress. 74.7% of students responded that males' access of the contents as proper but females' access as immoral. Regarding social efforts to protect students from this harmful environment. most replied that those efforts were unnecessary (P<0.001).

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.78-84
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• 2020

Due to social distancing caused by COVID 19, music concerts have not been allowed at home and abroad, and it is not known when overseas concerts will be able to resume unless the pandemics calm down, even if they are available. Meanwhile, people consume much more content through online services such as Netflix and YouTube than before. Under these circumstances, the music industry expects the virtual livestreamed performance to restore sluggish live performances again and bring about a digital renaissance. It also leads to the issue of reestablishing a copyright system regarding a livestreamed performance and of preparing a new rate of royalty standards for the use of works in OTT. In addition, a multi-territorial licensing of r ights in musical works is necessary to resolve copyright issues efficiently by applying the same term s to all countries from where the audience comes. In this paper, I examine the legal nature and the decision of copyright fees of performances as an integral part of the music industry.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.344-353
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• 2006

Nowadays many people participate in online communities for information sharing. But most recommender systems are designed for personalization of individual user, so it is necessary to develop a recommendation procedure for group users, such as participants in online communities. This paper proposes a group recommender system to recommend books for group users in online communities. For such a purpose, we suggest a group recommendation procedure consisting of two phases. The first phase is to generate recommendation list for 'big user' using collaborative filtering, and the second phase is to remove irrelevant books among previous list reflecting the preference of each individual user. The procedure is explained step by step with an illustrative example. And this procedure can potentially be applied to other domains, such as music, movies and etc.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-112
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare participants' perceived emotion following harmonic changes in music. In this study, 144 participants, aged 19 to 29 years, listened to music online that included low to high harmonic progression in tonal music (major-minor). After listening to each piece of music, participants were asked to rate 4 items using a 7-point Likert scale: emotional potency, arousal, degree to which the harmony impacted the listener's emotions, and listener's preference for the music. There were significant differences between each of the four items upon the level of harmonic progression. When the participants were divided into two groups (i.e., those with a background in music and those with no background in music), there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of emotional potency, but there was no significant interaction effect. This study confirmed that various emotional responses in listeners can be induced by controlling the exogenous variables in musical excerpts. Based on this, it is expected that the harmonic progression level can be provided to the client to be used as an effective therapeutic tool in music therapy intervention.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1-19
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• 2023

This study examines Korean users' attitudes and emotions toward Melon and Spotify, which lead the music streaming market. We used Text Mining, Semantic Network Analysis, TF-IDF, Centrality, CONCOR, and Word2Vec analysis. As a result of the study, MelOn was used in a user's daily life. Based on Melon's advantages of providing various contents, the advantage is judged to have considerable competitiveness beyond the limits of the streaming app. However, the MelOn users had negative emotions such as anger, repulsion, and pressure. On the contrary, in the case of Spotify, users were highly interested in the music content. In particular, interest in foreign music was high, and users were also interested in stock investment. In addition, positive emotions such as interest and pleasure were higher than MelOn users, which could be interpreted as providing attractive services to Korean users. While previous studies have mainly focused on technical or personal factors, this study focuses on consumer reactions (online reviews) according to corporate strategies, and this point is the differentiation from others.