• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.237-255
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• 2023

Variations in phenotypic traits are important for onion genetic improvement. The aim of this study was to identify the phenotypic traits of temporary genetic resources and the best accessions for the development of onion breeding programs. Sixteen phenotypic traits of 79 onion accessions were studied. The descriptive statistics of phenotypic traits exhibited a high variation in onion accessions. Among the 79 evaluated accessions, 64.55% had a large bulb neck width and 44.30% had a circular bulb shape. Principal component analysis showed that six principal components (PCs) accounted for 72.65% of the total variation. The main factors contributing to PC1 were bulb weight, equatorial and bulb polar diameters, plant height, and degree of splitting into bulblets, whereas those contributing to PC2 were the bulb color of the epidermal cells of the fleshy scales and color of the dry skin on the bulb. The accessions were classified into three groups-clusters 1, 2, and 3. Cluster 2 accessions were the most suitable for selecting large and circular bulb-shaped onion cultivars. The phenotypic variation observed in this study may help to select potential accessions for breeding new onion cultivars.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.807-817
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• 2016

Many onion growers and researchers assert that differences in soil type, agricultural practices, weather, and duration of prolonged onion cultivation in a particular field could affect onion bulb quality. This study evaluates the bulb quality of onions grown in different regions and determines the correlations between bulb characteristics and postharvest loss during cold and ambient storage. Soil and onion bulbs were collected from fields in six onion growing regions in Korea, during the growing season of 2011-2012. The fresh weight, dry matter content, and carbon (C), sulfur and magnesium contents of the onion bulbs were significantly affected by the location in which they were grown. Bulbs grown in Muan had the greatest number of scales, thinnest scale thickness, and the highest total soluble solids (TSS) and total flavonoids (TF). Bulbs originating from Jecheon had the lowest pyruvic acid (PA), total phenolics and TF. Storage loss of bulbs from the different regions was similar in refrigerated storage, but differed in ambient temperature storage. Bulb fresh weight was positively correlated with scale thickness (r = 0.617) and cold storage loss (CSL; r = 0.398). Dry matter content was positively correlated with C (r = 0.958) and TF (r = 0.256) contents, while it was negatively correlated with CSL (r = -0.424). CSL was primarily affected by the fresh weight, as well as the dry matter, C, and PA contents of the bulbs, while ambient storage loss was primarily influenced by the amount of TSS.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 1996

남부지방(南部地方)에 적합(適合)한 양파의 품종(品種)을 선발(選拔)하기 위하여 공시(供試)한 품종(品種)들에 대한 생육특성(生育特性), 구(球)의 특성(特性), 수량성등(收量性等)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수량성(收量性)이 높아서 선발(選拔)된 조생종(早生種) 양파는 패충조생, 극동황, 창녕청황극조생, 단오큰애기, 금정조생황이었고, 이 중(中)에서도 가장 수량성(收量性)이 높은 품종(品種)은 창녕청황극조생, 금정조생 황 이었다. 2. 조생종(早生種)의 수량성(收量性)과 가장 관계가 깊은 형질(形質)은 초장(草長), 엽초장(葉哨長), 구고(球高), 구경(球莖), 구중(球重)이었다. 3. 수량성(收量性)이 높아서 선발(選拔)된 만생종(晩生種) 양파는 창녕대고, 정풍황, 천주구형황, 천주대고, 서울대고였 고, 이 중(中에)서도 가장 수량성(收量性)이 높은 품종(品種)은 천주대고였다. 4. 만생종(晩生種)의 수량성(收量性)과 가장 관계가 깊은 형질(形質)은 초장(草長), 엽초경(葉哨莖), 구경(球莖), 구중(球重)이었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.591-595
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• 2012

온실을 이용한 상온 저장시설의 실용화 가능성을 예측해보고 '창녕대고'와 '터보' 양파의 저장성을 비교해 보고자 3개월간 저온과 상온조건에서 품질변화를 조사하였다. 중량 감소율은 저장기간 동안 지속적으로 증가하였으며 저온저장시 3개월 후 약 2% 정도 감소하였고 상온저장의 경우 약 4% 감소를 나타내었다. 저장 전후의 경도를 비교한 결과 저장 조건 및 품종 간에 따른 유의한 차이는 인정되지 않았으나 수확직후의 경도에 비해 3개월 저장 후 경도가 두 품종 모두 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 양파 외피의 착색정도를 나타내는 Hunter a 값은 두 품종 모두 상온저장한 양파가 저온저장 처리에 비해 높은 값을 나타내었으며 이는 상온저장한 양파의 외피가 건조되면서 착색된 것으로 사료된다. Hunter L 값은 저장조건에 관계없이 저장일수에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 부패율은 상온저장시 창녕대고에 비해 터보 품종이 7.8%로 현저히 낮았으며, 저온 저장시 두 품종 모두 2% 미만의 부패율을 나타났다. 따라서 온실을 이용하여 상온저장 할 경우 저장 가능기간으로는 3개월 이내가 적당할 것으로 예측되며 저장성이 강한 품종을 이용할 경우 저장기간을 더 연장할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2006

본 시험은 논과 밭재배에 따른 양파생육 및 채종용 모구 생산, 저장력의 차이를 구명하고자 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시험전후 토양의 화학적 성분을 보면 질소, 인산, 칼리는 밭토양에서 많았으며 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨은 논토양에서 많았다. 토양수분은 논토양에서 많았고 지중온도는 밭 토양에서 높았다. 2. 양파의 지상부 생육은 밭재배가 양호했으나, 구의 발달은 월동이후 초기에는 논재배에서 빨랐으나 구 비대기 이후에는 밭재배가 더 컸다. 3. 구의 평균 무게는 밭재배가 무거으며, 양파구의 수분함량은 밭재배가 더 많았다. 경도는 논재배가 더 단단했으며 당도는 밭재배에서 더 높았다. 4. 양파의 무기성분 함량은 질소, 인산, 칼리는 밭재배에서 많았고 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨은 논재배에서 많았다. 5. 구중 분포를 보면 밭재배에서는 구가 큰 양파가 많이 분포했으며 논재배에서는 작은 크기의 양파가 많이 분포하였고 양파 채종에 알맞은 모구 생산 비율은 논재배가 $63{\sim}70%$로 밭재배에 비해 $8{\sim}26%$ 더 많았다. 6. 부패율은 논재배가 $27.2{\sim}34.6%$이고 밭재배가 $37.5{\sim}51.4%$로 논재배가 $8.7{\sim}24.2%$ 적었다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.321-329
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• 2018

본 연구는 노지 월동채소인 극조생 양파 '싱싱볼'의 생육 기간 중 기온차이가 생육 및 구 비대에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 해발 60m, 200m, 350m 및 700m 4지점에 설치된 노지 포장에서 수행하였다. 극조생 양파의 생육기간(2016년 10월 18일~2017년 4월 27일)의 해발고도별 일평균 온도는 각각 $10.8^{\circ}C$, $9.6^{\circ}C$, $8.1^{\circ}C$ 및 $6.1^{\circ}C$였고, 주 인경비대기인 3월 중순~4월 중순(3월 16일~4월 14일)경 해발고도별 일평균 온도는 각각 $12.5^{\circ}C$, $11.6^{\circ}C$, $10.2^{\circ}C$, $8.4^{\circ}C$로 조사되었다. 극조생 양파의 생육특성을 조사한 결과, 해발 60m(일평균 $10.8^{\circ}C$) 조건에서 초장이 길었고, 엽초경도 두꺼워졌으며, 엽수, 총엽면적, 지상부 생체중 및 지상부 건물중도 증가되었다. 양파의 구 특성을 조사한 결과, 극조생 양파의 주 인경비대기인 3월 중순~4월 중순(3월 16일~4월 14일)경 해발 60m(일평균 $12.5^{\circ}C$) 조건에서 구 비대가 가장 빠르고 구 크기도 커지는 경향을 보였으나, 그 보다 낮은 온도조건에서는 구 비대가 점점 늦어지고 구 크기도 작아지는 결과를 얻었다. 수량성에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 인자인 구의 크기(구고, 구경 및 구중)도 이 시기에 생육온도가 가장 높은 해발 60m(일평균 $12.5^{\circ}C$)에서 가장 컸으며 생육온도가 낮을수록 역시 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 극조생 양파의 주 인경비대기인 3월 중순~4월 중순경 대기온도가 $12.5^{\circ}C$ 이하로 하락할 경우 구 비대성숙이 지연되어 수량도 감소될 것으로 예측된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2007

These experiments were carried out to examine efficacy of soil solarization for control of pink root disease by means of mulching with transparent polyethylene sheets in the hot season. The effects of soil solarization on incidence of pink-root disease caused by Pyrenochaeta terrestris and on onion growth and on populations of soil fungi were investigated. Solarization was dramatically effective in reducing pink root incidence in onion seedling and harvested onion bulb. A 30-day and 40-day solarization treatment significantly improved seedling survival and increased yield of 'Changnyeong-deago' onion while decreasing incidence of pink root. Populations of soil fungi from fields planted to onion were assayed on selective media. Solarization treatment was effective in reducing populations of P. terrestris, Pythium spp., and Rhizoctonia sp. in soil. Increase of yield of onion bulbs was associated with control of soil-borne pathogenic fungi. Soil solarization had beneficial effects on yield, bulb diameter, or incidence of pink root.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2011

The bulb storability of eight red and ten yellow onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars grown primarily in Korea was evaluated. During storage, sprouting occurred earlier in red cultivars than in yellow cultivars. In addition, the ratio of sprouted to unsprouted bulbs increased more rapidly in red cultivars than in yellow cultivars. However, not all yellow cultivars had strong storabilities. Bulb storability of three yellow cultivars was as poor as that of red cultivars, suggesting only a slight possibility of a pleiotropic effect of color and bulb storability. Meanwhile, $F_3$ lines of a red cultivar selected based on stronger storabilities showed intermediate storabilities between those of the red and yellow cultivars, implying that strong storability could be obtained by successive selection. In contrast, $F_1$ hybrids from crosses between yellow and red breeding lines showed poor storability compared with the yellow cultivars, indicating that poor storability may be dominant over strong storability. The relationships between color and other traits that potentially affect storability, such as fresh and dry weight, water content, and firmness of bulbs, were evaluated. No significant differences in these traits were observed between the two colors, although the water content of yellow cultivars and the dry weight of red cultivars were slightly higher than their counterparts. Correlation analyses between bulb storability and other traits, including weight, water content, and firmness, also showed no significant correlations. In this study, no correlations were identified between bulb color, storability, and other traits. However, based on these results, red cultivars with stronger storabilities could be developed through successive selection of bulbs with stronger storabilities.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2007

Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18), glyoxalase-I(EC 4.4.1.5) and alliin lyase(alliinase, EC 4.4.1.4) are important enzyme systems in plant bodies. The first two are mainly detoxifying enzymes that utilize glutathione(GSH) in the defense mechanism, and the last one is mainly involved in secondary metabolism and relevant to sulfur compounds derived from GSH. The activities of the three enzymes have been investigated in soluble extracts of vegetable crops, including pumpkin, cabbage, broccoli, radish, carrot, potato, sweet potato, mungbean, and onion. GST activities were detected in all of the vegetables, and the extract of onion bulb exhibited the highest specific activity(648 nmol/min/mgP). The putative GSTs of most of the vegetables were found to be induced by ethanol. The activities of GSTs in onion bulb were found to be markedly inhibited by S-hexyl glutathione and were also inhibited by S-butyl glutathione and S-propyl glutathione. The anti-CmGSTF1 antiserum recognized a thick band for putative onion GST. The estimated glyoxalase-I activity level was also high in onion bulb(4540 nmol/min/mgP), indicating that the thick band detected by Western blot analysis might result from partial recognition of glyoxalase-I by the antiserum. The specific activities for glyoxalase-I were moderate in radish and carrot, and the extracts of other vegetables had rather low levels of activities. The extract of onion also showed the highest specific activity level for alliinase(2069nmol pyruvate/mgP). The extracts of other vegetables also had alliinase activities, although the estimated values were much lower than that of onion.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.182-182
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• 2017

The objective of this research was to determine controlling effects on rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) in rice plants by using plant extracts from different extraction methods (water, boiling water, fermentation, and ethanol) from 38 agricultural materials of traditional agriculture. Rice blast was completely suppressed by 3% ethanol extracts in Rheum palmatum roots, and suppressed 97% and 77% by 10% ethanol extracts in onion bulb and pine tree leaves, respectively in a laboratory test. However, other agricultural materials showed low effect on suppression of rice blast. Additionally, in a seedling test, rice injury of two cultivars (Ilmibyeo and Hopyoungbyeo) against rice blast was reduced 40-71%, 29-63%, and 23-63% by 5 and 10% ethanol extracts in Rheum palmatum roots, onion bulb, and pine tree leaves, respectively, compared with non-treated controls. Rice injury of two cultivars (Ilmibyeo and Hopyoungbyeo) against rice blast was reduced by 21-55%, 23-46%, and 5-39% in response to Rheum palmatum roots, onion bulb, and pine tree leaf applications at 100, 200 and $400g/m^2$ at 0 day after seeding, respectively, compared with non-treated controls. Rice plants did not show any leaf injuries and growth reduction after treatments of the Rheum palmatum roots, onion bulb, and pine tree leaf extracts or soil application. Thus, the above materials may be used for controlling rice blast in organically produced rice fields.