• 제목/요약/키워드: one-way rotation

검색결과 126건 처리시간 0.025초

표준기어를 이용한 기어 프로파일 정밀측정 알고리즘에 관한 연구 (A Study on Algorithm for Gear Profile Measurement Using a Standard Gear)

  • 이민기;이응석;김광중;박현용
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
    • /
    • 제36권5호
    • /
    • pp.555-561
    • /
    • 2012
  • 자동차 변속기 내부에서 동력을 전달하는 헬리컬 기어의 소음 및 진동을 억제하기 위한 하나의 방법으로 정밀하게 가공된 기어를 검사하기 위한 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 측정 기준이 되는 표준 기어와 측정 대상 기어인 워크 기어를 정밀하게 측정하는 알고리즘에 관한 것이다. 기존의 방법은 표준 기어와 모니터 기어를 1회전하여 주파수 방법으로 측정 표준을 위한 마스터링 작업을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 제시된 알고리즘을 사용하여 표준 기어와 모니터 기어를 측정하고, 표준 기어와 모니터 기어의 오차를 계산하는 방법을 제시함으로써 기어 측정에 대한 정밀도를 높이도록 하였다. 또한 본 알고리즘을 사용하면 빠른 속도로 측정의 표준이 되는 마스터링 공정을 빠르고 정확하게 측정할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

오십견 환자의 관절 가동 범위 회복과 통증 완화에 미치는 정적 신장 기법과 유지-이완 기법의 효과 (Effects of static stretching and hold-relax on recovering range of motion and reducing pain of patients with frozen shoulder)

  • 함석찬;김인복
    • 대한물리치료과학회지
    • /
    • 제19권3호
    • /
    • pp.39-47
    • /
    • 2012
  • Background : Patients with frozen shoulder have pain and limited range of motion (ROM) at the affected shoulder. Shoulder pain of these patients usually decreases with recovery of range of motion. The aim of this study is to identify effects of static stretching and hold-relax on recovering ROM and reducing pain of patients with frozen shoulder. Methods : In this study, 15 patients with frozen shoulder who were only treated with physical therapy were recruited. Patients who received any surgical procedure or hydrotherapy were excluded. The subjects were divided randomly into 3 groups; control(n=5), static stretching(n=5) and hold-relax(n=5) groups. Patients were treated with stretching and the total number of treatments was 12 times. The ROM was measured at baseline, after fourth, eighth and final treatments. Shoulder pain and disability index(SPADI) scores were assessed before and after doing all treatments. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze ROM change within each group. Changes of ROM between groups was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by post hot analysis(Tukey's HSD). SPADI score within each group analyzed using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Study Design : Repeated measures design. Result : There were significant differences of ROM in both treatment groups except internal rotation of static stretching group. ROM was significantly increased in treatment groups compared with control group, but the difference of ROM change between two treatment groups did not differ significantly. SPADI scores for treatment groups significantly decreased compared with pre-SPADI score. Conclusion : The result suggests that hold-relax can be more effective than static stretching to recover range of motion and alleviate shoulder pain on patients with frozen shoulder.

  • PDF

칼텐본 경추 관절가동술 후 적용된 능동적 중재가 두부 전방자세 환자의 경추 정렬과 근활성도에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Active Intervention after Kaltenborn's Cervical Joint Mobilization on The Cervical Spine Alignment and Muscle Activity in Patients with Forward Head Posture)

  • 이강진;노정석;최흥식;신헌석;최규환;김택훈
    • 대한물리의학회지
    • /
    • 제10권2호
    • /
    • pp.17-27
    • /
    • 2015
  • PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three interventions (intervention by passive range of motion exercise plus manual cervical traction, Mulligan's joint mobilization, and strengthening exercises) after Kaltenborn's joint mobilization on the cervical spine alignment, and muscle activity in patients with a forward head posture. METHODS: The subjects were 39 students from H University in Chungnam and C University in Jeonbuk. The subjects in each group attended training sessions three times a week for four weeks. We used one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test to compare values between groups, and used paired t-test to compare the values of the dependent variables within groups. RESULTS: The results showed that the active intervention group experienced a significant increase compared to the passive intervention group in terms of the craniovertebral angle, cervical lordosis angle, and had significant decreases compared to the passive intervention group in terms of the upper trapezius muscle activity. The active intervention group also had significant increases in craniovertebral angle and decreased anterior scalene muscle activity than the active-assistive intervention group. The active-assistive intervention group had significant decreases compared to the active intervention group in terms of the serratus anterior, levator scapulae, and splenius capitis muscle activity. CONCLUSION: It appears that the subjects with a forward head posture had significant improvements in the cervical lordosis angle, cranial rotation angle, craniovertebral angle, and muscle activity after intervention by Mulligan's joint mobilization (active-assistive intervention component) and strengthening exercises (active intervention component) after applying Kaltenborn's joint mobilization.

시선 추적기법을 활용한 시선 유도와 사이버 멀미 관계 연구 (A study on the relationship between gaze guidance and cybersickness using Eyetracking)

  • 이태구;안찬제
    • 문화기술의 융합
    • /
    • 제8권3호
    • /
    • pp.167-173
    • /
    • 2022
  • 가상현실 시장의 규모는 해마다 성장하고 있으나 가상현실에서 일어나는 사이버 멀미는 아직까지 해결되지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 가상현실 콘텐츠에서 일어나는 사이버 멀미와 시선 유도와의 관계에 대해 실험을 통해 결과를 도출하였다. 시선추적기법을 활용하여 시선의 움직임이 사이버 멀미와의 관계를 파악하였다. 시선 유도가 사이버 멀미에 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 두 그룹으로 나누어 실험하였다. 또한 사이버 멀미가 성별에 따라 다른 결과를 보이는지 확인하기 위해 두 그룹을 나누어서 결과를 분석하였다. 사이버 멀미를 측정하기 위해 SSQ설문을 사용하여 분석하였다. 두 가지 방법을 통해 시선 유도와 사이버 멀미와의 관계를 파악하고자 하였다. 실험의 결과 명확한 시선의 유도가 시선의 집중이 일어나게 하였으며 카메라의 회전을 통한 사이버 멀미에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사이버 멀미를 완화하기 위해서는 시선 유도연출을 통해 시선의 집중을 하게 하는 것이 사이버 멀미에 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 결과가 가상현실을 이용해서 제작하려는 제작자들에게 사이버 멀미를 완화할 수 있는 하나의 방법으로 사용되어 콘텐츠 제작에 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

카지노 시큐리티 종사자의 운동변화단계에 따른 신체적 자기개념과 자기 효능감의 관계 (The Relationship between the Stage of Exercise Behavior Change and Physical Self-Concept and Self-Efficacy of Casino Security Employees)

  • 전용태;오중일
    • 시큐리티연구
    • /
    • 제21호
    • /
    • pp.95-120
    • /
    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 카지노 시큐리티 종사자의 운동변화단계에 따른 신체적 자기개념과 자기효능감의 관계를 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 연구의 목적 달성을 위하여 전국 카지노 17개업체중 시큐리티 관련업무 30명 이상을 고용하고 있는 8개의 업체를 모집단으로 설정하여 표본을 추출하였다. 이 연구에서 시큐리티 종사자 30명 이상을 고용하고 있는 업체를 선정한 이유는 30명 이하의 영세한 업체에서 조직구성 및 직무체계와 환경이 대체적으로 차이가 있으므로 이에 따른 연구결과를 일반화하기에는 다소 제한적이라고 판단되기 때문이다. 편의 추출법(convenience sampling)에 의하여 대상을 표집 하였으며, 선정된 연구대상자는 본 연구의 취지 및 설문조사 교육을 받은 조사원을 통해 운동변화단계에 따른 신체적 자기개념과 자기효능감의 관계 설문지를 자기평가 기입법(self-administration method)에 따라 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 조사 자료의 결과를 처리하기 위하여 Window SPSS 16.0프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 측정도구의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 탐색적 요인분석(factor analysis)과 신뢰도 검증을 위하여 하위 척도별 내적 일관성 계수(Cronbach's alpha)를 산출하였다. 주성분 분석(principle component factor analysis)을 이용하였으며. 요인회전방법으로 직각회전방식(varimax rotation)을 이용하였다. 초기 고유값(Eigen value) 1.0을 요인 추출의 준거로 삼았다. 운동변화단계에 있어 성별, 근무형태의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 운동 변화단계에 대한 차이를 검증하기 위해 $X^2$을 실시하였다. 운동변화단계에 따라 신체적 자기개념과 자기효능감의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 운동변화단계를 독립변수로 신체적 자기개념과 자기효능감을 종속변수로 하는 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 집단간의 평균차를 검증하기 위하여 사후검증으로 Scheffe 검증을 실시하였다. 신체적 자기개념이 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 먼저 상관관계분석을 실시하였고, 신체적 자기개념을 독립변수로 하고 자기효능감을 종속변수로 하는 다중회귀분석(multipie regression analysis)을 실시하였으며, Enter 방식으로 처리하였다. 이와 같은 방법과 절차에 따른 자료 분석을 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 카지노 시큐리티 종사자들의 운동행동변화단계는 성별과 근무형태에 따라 운동행동 변화단계에 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 운동행동변화단계에서 유지단계로 이행 할수록 신체적 자기 개념과 자기효능감을 지각하는 정도가 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 신체적 자기개념의 하위요인 중, 신체활동과 체지방에 대한 정도가 자기효능감에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다.

  • PDF

복색 상징적 의미에 관한연구 (A Study on the Symbolic Meaning of the Costume Colours)

  • 이순홍
    • 복식
    • /
    • 제30권
    • /
    • pp.85-99
    • /
    • 1996
  • This study has been made to examine the symbolic meaning of our traditional costume colours based on the theory of yin-yang Wu-hsing the interaction of yin and yang with the rotation of the five agents wood firt earth metal and waters. Presenting the spirt and the life of our race the costume culture has been keep-ing its own systematic symbol. Being sensible the colour has to be under-stood as the colour sense therefore the cos-tume colour has begun to have the symbolic meaning with the feeling or the mental value. According to the theory of yin-yang wu-hsing the costume colour has presented our racial sprit way of thinking and way of life for a long time and it has become the tra-ditional culture at last. Based on the doctrine of cosmic harmony through the motion of yin and yang or the passive and active elements are their five agents form the material force of everything. The order of nature has its counterpart in five symbolic costume colours wood-blue ; fire-red: earth-yellow; metal-white: water-black. The five colours are called the primary colours. which produce the next compound colours. Accepted in the social system as well as the social stats the costume colour has set up systematically. The theory of Yin-yang Wu-hsing has given the five colours the symbolic meanings and its mainstream has been the function of Sangsaeng and Sangeuk which are genera-ted by the power of virture. The former is mu-tually beneficial while the latter destructive. The colour as a costume colour has been made distinction between the colour of the up-per classes and the colour of the middle and lower classes and the specific colour has presented the symbolic meanings. The yeollow the red and the purple have been regarded as the colour of king queen and upper classes Being the colour recognition the costume colour has been established by the society and the race generally Implied the spiritual elements the colour recognition could select the lucky colour in accordance with one's des-tiny. Besides the colour recognition has begun to appear as the racial costumes to protect the society and to pray for good fortune. According to the theory of Yin-yang Wu-hsing the costume colour has been forming through our long history and has become our costume culture. Therefore the colour of the costume has signified not only the colour sense but also the important symbolic meanings.

  • PDF

뇌졸중환자 가족의 간호요구 (A Study on the Care Needs of Family-Caregivers to the Patients with Stroke)

  • 김미희
    • 기본간호학회지
    • /
    • 제4권2호
    • /
    • pp.175-192
    • /
    • 1997
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the care needs of family-caregivers to the patients with stroke. Subjects were 115 family-caregivers caring for the patients while they were in-patients or out-patients with stroke in two general hospitals and one oriental medicine hospital located in Seoul and Kwang-Ju. The instrument used for this study was made by the researcher on the basis of results of literature review and interviews with family-caregivers, composed of 35 items. Internal validity by calculation of cronbach's alpha with data of respondents was 0.91, which was regarded as high. The Data were analyzed by SAS program, with percentage, mean, t-test, and ANOVA. Factor structures of care needs of family-caregivers were elicited by factor analysis(PCA, Varimax rotation). Datum collection had been from July 1 to August 14, 1997. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean score of the sum of the care needs of family-caregivers was 3.96 and the highest-mean item was 'need for immediate care(M=4.77)', and the lowest-mean item was 'need for chaplian's visit (M=2.82)'. 2. Care needs of the family-caregivers were : Need to be informed of the disease, treatment and care ; need of education and assistance related to physical functional level ; need of social support and consultation ; need of management of nursing problem related to immobility ; need of appreciation ; need of the way to communicate with patients ; need of immediate care and help. The highest mean factor was the 'need for immediate care and help(M=4.74)', and the lowest mean factor was the 'need of appreciation(M=3.58)'. 3. The variables influencing the degree of care needs perceived by family-caregivers to the patients with stroke were as follows : There were significant differences between need to be informed of the disease, treatment and care and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's sex (p=.0178), caring period(p=.0223) and patient's suffering period(p=.0244). There were significant differences between need of education and assistance related to physical functional level and general characteristic factors, which were patient's paralysis(p=.0177), patient's ADL dependency(p=.0032). There were significant differences between need of social support and consultation and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's sex(p=.0055), occupation(p=.0159), religion(p=.0093) and patient's sex(p=.0134). There was significant difference in the degree of need of management of nursing problem related to immobility, according to the patient's ADL dependency(p=.0493). There were significant differences between need of appreciation and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's age(p=.0107), sex(p=.0133), and patient's age(p=.0338). There were significant differences between need of the way to communicate with patient and general characteristic factors, which were patient's paralysis(p=.0002) and aphasia(p=.0001). There were significant differences between need of immediate care and help and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's caring period(p=.0162) and patient's suffering period(p=.0116). 4. The mean score of patient's ADL dependency was 3. 38 and the highest-mean item was 'ascending and descending stairs(M=4.12)', and the lowest-mean item was 'drinking(M=2.60)'. There was no significant difference in the degrees of care needs related to the patient's ADL dependency. 5. The highest information source of family-caregivers was from the doctors about the disease, treatment and care(26.1%). The second highest one was from mass media(20.8%), and the third one was from the nurses. The above findings may be used as the basic data to seek more efficient way of elevating nursing practice and quality for family-caregivers to the patients with stroke.

  • PDF

양안시기능 검사 값의 오차와 그래프 양식 (The Error and the Graphical Presentation form of the Binocular Vision Findings)

  • 윤석현
    • 한국안광학회지
    • /
    • 제12권3호
    • /
    • pp.39-48
    • /
    • 2007
  • 엄밀한 조절자극과 폭주자극 값 그리고 프리즘 디옵터는 어떻게 정의되어야 하는지를 고찰하여 정리 하였다. 양안시기능 검사와 분석의 실무에서 조절자극과 폭주자극 값은 어떻게 처리되는지를 고찰하여 정리 했다. 그 결과 실무에서의 처리과정은 근거리를 렌즈면으로부터 40 cm로 하는 경우 평균 P.D가 64 mm일 때 안구의 회선점에서 시험렌즈까지 거리 $l_c$이 26.67 mm인 경우에 가장 적합하였다. 본 논문에서 이 값들을 사용하여 필요한 값들을 계산하였다. 그리고 실무에서 사용되는 (5)식의 조절자극 값이 지니는 오차를 눈의 물측 주점에서 시험렌즈까지 거리 $l_H$를 15.07 mm로 하여 계산했다. 굴절력이 $P_m$인 프리즘 가입에 의한 폭주자극 값의 변화량 P'을 순환 계산법으로 계산하였다. P'는 $P_m$, 회선점에서 프리즘까지의 거리 $p_c$, 프리즘을 가입하기 전의 폭주 값 $C_o$와 프리즘 재질의 굴절률 n에 따라 변한다. 그리고 순환 계산법과 필요한 수식들을 자세히 제시했다. P'를 증대시키는 요인에는 두 가지가 있다. 그 첫 번째는 주된 것으로서 폭주 값이 보통의 덧셈법에 따라 더해지지 않는 성질이다. 다른 하나는 영향력이 작은 것으로서 프리즘의 실제 굴절력이 빛의 입사각에 따라 다르게 되는 이유이다. 그리고 $p_c$$C_o$가 커짐에 따라 P'은 괄목할 만큼 작아진다. $P_m=20{\Delta}$, P.D=64 mm 그리고 n=1.7인 경우에 대해 $p_c$$C_o$값들에 따르는 $P^{\prime}/P_m$을 계산하여 그래프로 나타냈다. $P^{\prime}/P_m$의 굴절률 n에 대한 의존성은 무시 할만 큼 아주 작다(Fig. 6 참조). 가입 프리즘의 굴절력과 폭주자극 값의 변화량이 같게 되는 프리즘의 위치 값 $p_c$를 구했다(Table 1). 실무에서 약식으로 처리되는 조절자극과 폭주자극 값의 참 값을 구하였다. 이를 토대로 약식으로 처리된 조절자극과 폭주자극 값이 참 값의 위치에 표시 되게 하는 두 가지의 그래프 양식을 제시하였다. 하나는 기존의 것과 같은 형태(Fig. 9)이고 다른 하나는 프리즘 가입에 의한 폭주자극 값의 변화량만을 나타내는 형식이다(Fig. 11).

  • PDF

디렉토리 지역성을 활용한 작은 파일들의 모아 쓰기 기법 (Co-Writing Multiple Files Based on Directory Locality for High Performance of Small File Writes)

  • 이경재;안우현;오재원
    • 정보처리학회논문지A
    • /
    • 제15A권5호
    • /
    • pp.275-286
    • /
    • 2008
  • Fast File System(FFS)은 디스크의 고성능 대역폭을 활용하여 대용량 파일의 여러 블록들을 한 번에 저장함으로써 파일 쓰기 성능을 향상시키고 있다. 하지만, FFS는 파일 단위로 데이터를 저장하기 때문에 작은 파일 쓰기 성능은 디스크 대역폭보다 디스크 회전 및 탐색 시간에 크게 영향을 받는다. 본 논문은 FFS에서 작은 파일 쓰기의 성능 향상을 위해 여러 개의 작은 파일들을 한꺼번에 모아서 저장하는 모아 쓰기(Co-Writing) 기법을 제안하며, 이 기법을 FFS에 적용한 CW-FFS를 구현하였다. CW-FFS의 모아 쓰기 기법은 대역폭을 활용하여 디렉토리 지역성을 가지는 작은 파일들을 모아서 연속적인 디스크 위치에 한 번의 디스크 쓰기로 저장한다. 모아 쓰기 기법은 각 파일 단위로 발생하는 디스크 회전 및 탐색 동작들을 한 번으로 감소시키기 때문에 파일 쓰기가 많은 응용 프로그램에서 작은 파일 쓰기 성능을 개선시킨다. 또한 모아 쓰기 기법이 동일 디렉토리에 포함되는 파일들 간의 디스크 공간 지역성의 저하를 야기하지 않도록 효율적인 파일 할당 방식도 함께 제안한다. CW-FFS는 성능 검증을 위해 OpenBSD 운영체제 커널에서 구현되었으며, postmark 벤치마크를 통한 성능 측정 결과는 기존 FFS 파일 시스템보다 작은 파일 쓰기 성능이 속도 측면에서 $5{\sim}35%$까지 개선되었음을 보여준다.

소비자의 라이프스타일에 따른 서비스품질 지각 차이에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Consumer's Service Quality Perception Based on the Types of Life-style)

  • 박윤서;이승인;최인
    • 마케팅과학연구
    • /
    • 제19권2호
    • /
    • pp.53-67
    • /
    • 2009
  • For the last decades, service quality has been studied as one of the most important tools for a service company to compete with the other companies. Based on these past researches, it has been agreed that the service quality is a basic and powerful tool to create the competitive advantage. Due to similar reason, many service marketing practitioners have been also focused on the service quality to retain the existing consumers and collect the new consumers. However, service quality is subjectively perceived by individual consumers. Consumer evaluation of service quality can be different from each other. Especially consumers with one life-style may evaluate the service quality differently from the consumers with the other life-styles. Therefore we need to know whether there are differences in service quality perception on the categories of life-style. Life-style refers to a distinctive mode of living in its aggregate and broadest sense. It embodies the patterns that were developed and emerged from the dynamics of living in a society. Since the concept of life-style and its relationship to marketing was introduced in 1963 by William Lazer, methods of measuring the life-style and their application have been developed. Life-style has been usually used to segment the marketplace because it offers marketers a unique and important view of the market. When Life-style is combined with clustering methods, life-style segmentation can generate identifiable whole persons rather than isolated fragment. Life-style segmentation begins with people instead of products and classifies them into different life-style types, each characterized by a unique style of living based on a wide range of activities, interests, and opinions(Plummer, 1974). In this study we applies the life-style segmentation based on the AIO(Activities, Interests, and Opinions) to the consumers of the large discount stores. In Korea, the large discount store market has entered into maturity stage so that the market differentiation strategy is becoming a more critical issue to the marketing practitioners. One of the most important tools to differentiate from the competitors in large discount store market is continuously to provide service of better quality than competitors. This study tries to find answers about the following questions: 1) How can we categorize the consumer life-styles in the large discount store? 2) What are the characteristics of the categorized groups? 3) Are there any differences in service quality perception among the consumers with different life-styles 4) Are there any differences in consumer behavior among them in the large discount store? For the purpose, we collected survey data from consumers and analyzed the data with the SPSS package where we had $X^2$-test, factor analysis, ANOVA, MANOVA, and cluster analysis. The survey was made during one month in the April of 2008. Among the collected 306 copies of questionnaires, 281 copies were chosen as the effective samples for empirical analysis except 25 copies with wrong responses. To identify the life-style patterns, we used the measures employed by Kim and Kwon(1999), where 44 items on a seven-point scale were used to measure factors of the life-style patterns. The Principal Component Method was used for factor extraction, and the VARIMAX orthogonal factor rotation was employed. The 7 items showing low factor loading were eliminated. The results of the factor analysis suggested that nine factors of the life-style patterns were identified as follows: 1) the equality-of-sexes and pursuit-of-independence tendency 2) self-management tendency 3) sociable tendency 4) self-display tendency 5) degree of a dilettante life 6) pursuit-of-information tendency 7) bargain hunter tendency 8) TV preference tendency 9) pursuit-of-leisure tendency. Next, after the K-means cluster analysis was performed with nine factors of the life-style patterns, the life-styles of the respondents were classified into four groups which are named as the 'progressive practicality-oriented group', 'positive success-oriented group', 'sociable ostentation-oriented group', 'stable conservation-oriented group'. The analysis results for usage behavior between the market segments showed statistically significant differences in the frequency of usage, duration time in the store, consumer satisfaction, and loyalty. Also, we tried to investigate whether the large discount store consumers differently perceive the quality of service based upon the types of life-style. To measure the service quality of large discount store, we adapted several measurement models measuring the service quality such as SERVPERF, BCP, R-SERVPERF, R-BCP. MANOVA and One-Way ANOVA were performed to confirm the difference in service quality perception based on the market segments. The results have also shown significant differences between life-style types in service quality perception. These findings show that the large discount store marketers should consider consumer life-style as one of the most important market segments for marketing and understand the difference in service quality perception between life-style types. Our findings give important implications to marketers of large discount stores as well as life-style researchers. First, this study showed there were significant differences in consumer's service quality perception and usage behavior between the types of life-style. It provides evidence that the life-style approach can be a important basis in segmenting the large discount store market and will make consumers perceive the service quality high. Second, most previous researches on service quality have been in aggregate level. However, our results imply that the future research on service quality have to focus on segment level.

  • PDF