• 한국음향학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2005

음악연주공간의 음향계획에 있어서 적절한 공간감의 확보는 매우 중요한 설계요소가 되었으며, 측면음에너지비율(LEF)이나 IACC 등의 공간감 지표를 활용한 평가는 음향성능 평가의 필수적인 요소 중의 하나가 되었다. 그러나 이 지표값들을 얻기 위해서는 모노채널 무지향성 마이크를 이용한 측정과 함께, 양지향성 마이크 (figure of eight microphone)나 토르소 시뮬레이터 (head and torso simulator)를 통한 측정을 별도로 수행하여야 하는 번거로움이 있다. 본 연구는 공간상의 일정한 좌표를 차지하도록 설계된 5채널 마이크로폰 시스템을 이용하여 공간감 지표들을 예측해낼 수 있는지 확인하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 신경망 (neural network)의 학습된 예측능력을 활용하였으며, 신경망의 훈련을 위해서는 많은 데이터가 필요하므로 현장에서의 측정보다는 다양한 가상공간에 대한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 (CATT-Acoustic V.7.2)의 결과를 활용하였다. 다양한 상황의 가상공간에서 계산된 공간감 지표와 같은 가상공간에서 5채널 마이크로폰을 통해 얻어진 공간음향 정보의 신경망 분석 결과, 계산값과 예측값 사이에 매우 높은 상관관계(correlation)가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이 결과에 따르면 양지향성 마이크나 토르소 시뮬레이터 등 복잡한 측정장치 대신5채널 마이크로폰 시스템을 사용하여 공간감 지표를 예측하는 것이 가능하다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2015

본 연구는 세 가지 종류 스캐너에 따른 정확도를 비교 평가하기 위하여 시행되었다. 경석고 모형과 스캐너로 채득한 디지털 모형에 각 4지점씩 계측지점을 선정하였고, 이들 4지점사이를 DVC와 디지털 모형 측정 프로그램을 이용하여 길이를 측정하고, 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 세 가지 종류의 스캐너 가운데 레이저 스캐너가 백색광 스캐너나 청색광 스캐너보다 높은 정확도를 나타내었으나 이 세 가지 종류의 스캐너 모두가 임상적으로 사용하는 것이 가능하다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.76-87
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• 2000

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of both transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) on DOMS, Twenty-seven untrained and male volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) a group that received TENS (7 Hz), 2) MENS (60 ${\mu}A$, .3 pps) or 3) a control group that received no treatment. Subjects performed repeated eccentric exercise of the non-dominant forearm flexor muscle with submaximal intensity by the simply designed eccentric exercise devices. Treatments were applied after 24 hours and 48 hours. Subjects attended on two consecutive days for treatment and measurement of elbow flexion, extension, resting angle (universal goniometer), and pain (visual analogue scale: VAS) on a daily basis. Measurements were taken after treatment. Analysis of results were as follows; 1) There were no significant differences between TENS and MENS by one-way repeated ANOVA, 2) The t-test for pain, resting, flexion and extension angle revealed significant differences within TENS group, 3) The t-test for resting angle revealed significant differences within MENS group.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.61-85
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• 2004

It is tried that evaluation areas and items of information system in public sector are derived ration-ally and its weight value call be applied differently to type of information system to enhance validity and objectiveness of measurement in evaluating IS in this research. To obtain the goal of this research, firstly, five sectors - system sector, user sector, organization and management sector, the degree of strategic contribution to IS, and the degree of optimizing re-source in IS - are categorized based on broadly reviewing previous theoretical and practical research. Secondly, IS type in public sector is divided into internal operation one and customer oriented one that is object of the IS, and divided into application oriented and IT infrastructure oriented which are influence by IS. Thirdly, evaluation areas and its items are measured by 5 point scales (Likert summated scales) in addition to analysis of validity and reliability to improve objectiveness of establishing evaluation areas and its items. Fourthly, the weight values in the evaluation areas and its items are derived by using analytic hierarchy process. According to the results of analysis of weight value through AHP, it were found to be 30.4% to organization and management sector. 25.5% to degree of strategic contribution, 21.0% to user sector, 13.5% to degree of optimization of resource management, and 9.6% to system sector. and. different weight values each of the four IS type are proposed which establishing in this research. The main implications of this study is that the criteria by which IS in public sector can be categorized 4 ones is suggested and The weighted evaluation for four types of IS based on the AHP analysis enables proposing an objective evaluation method of IS in public sector for considering individual IS characterics.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.224-232
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) on bond strength of ceramic restoration under various thermocycling periods with DBA (dentin bonding agent system). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fifty freshly extracted human mandibular third molars were divided into 5 groups (1 control and 4 experimental groups) of 10 teeth. We removed enamel layer of sound teeth and embedded them which will proceed to be IDS, using All Bond II. A thermocycling was applied to experimental groups for 1, 2, 7, 14 days respectively and was not applied to control group. IPS Empress II for ceramic was acid-etched with ceramic etchant (9.5% HF) and silane was applied. Each ceramic disc was bonded to specimens with Duo-link, dual curable resin cement by means of light curing for 100 seconds. After the cementation procedures, shear bond strength measurement and SEM analysis of the fractured surface were done. The data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. There were no statistically significant differences between 4 experimental groups and control group, however the mean value started to decrease in group 7d, and group 14d showed the lowest mean bond strength in all groups. Also, group 7d and 14d showed distinct exposed dentin and collapsed hybrid layer was observed in SEM analysis. CONCLUSION. In the present study, it can be concluded that ceramic restorations like a laminate veneer restoration should be bonded using resin cement within one week after IDS procedure.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.167-177
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• 2004

This study is designed to understand purchase motivation for garment depending on demographic factors among college students in Yanbian, China. Questionnaire was used for measurement tools to study the subject of the thesis. The main study was conducted against 450 college students from May 17 to June 5, 2001. The data for the study were analyzed using SAS PC program for frequency distribution, percentage, t -test, and one way ANOVA. The purchase motivation for garment are affected by demographic factors such as gender, average monthly household income, monthly expense for clothing. The result was showed as follows: A meaningful difference showed in 3 areas 'to try a new trend, impulsive buying at the store display, discount advertising' depending on the gender in terms of purchase motivations, and in all the three areas, male students showed a higher ranking. But in other motivation areas, no difference was noticed in terms of gender. In terms of purchase motivation based on monthly income, only one area 'impulse buying from a store display' showed a meaningful difference. Respondents with an average monthly household income above 2,000 yuan showed a higher tendency of 'impulse buying' compared to those with below 500 yuan or those with between 500-2,000yuan. Those with the average monthly household income below 500 yuan showed the lowest ranking in the impulse buying. In other areas of purchase motivation, average monthly household income was not an important element. A meaningful difference showed in 4 areas, 'to try a new trend, impulse buying from a store display, discount advertising', and 'for a change of mood' in the product motivation based on expense on clothing. Respondents with an average monthly expense for clothing above 100 yuan showed a higher ranking in all 4 areas than those with less than 100 yuan. In other areas, the average monthly clothing expense didn't give any impact.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the pain, range of motion (ROM), upper extremity task performance, and functional levels of patients after rotator cuff repair according to the timing of a closed chain exercise thereby presenting basic data for an effective rehabilitation program. METHODS: The intervention was applied three times per week, one hour per day, for four weeks to 40 participants, 78 of whom had undergone rotator cuff repair. The participants were divided into four groups and assigned to usual general physical therapy and an open chain exercise. Group I consisted of the open chain exercise only. The closed chain exercise was applied to group II after the 4 times, group III after the 7 times, group IV after the 10 times. Measurement were used ROM, visual analogue scale (VAS), box and block test (BBT), and shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI). A one-way analysis of variance was conducted to test differences. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the internal/external rotation between group I and group II. The VAS significantly differed between group II and group I, group III, and group IV. The BBT results of group II and group I were significantly different compared to those of group IV. The SPADI significantly differed between group II and group I and between group II and group IV. CONCLUSION: The closed chain exercise was effective for patients following rotator cuff repair from the second week after active exercise was prescribed, verifying its applicability in rehabilitation programs.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.232-242
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a Korean version of the pediatric functional muscle test (K-PFMT) for children with motor developmental disorders, and to verify its reliability and validity. Methods: The subjects were 40 children, aged below 5 years. Each was scored on the K-PFMT by 14 physical therapists to determine inter-rater reliability and internal consistency. Additionally, 3 of the 14 therapists tested 20 children again one or two weeks later to determine test-retest reliability. The internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach's alpha. The inter-rater and test-retest reliability were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). One-way ANOVA and the paired t-test were used to compare differences among the three evaluator groups and between the test and retest group. Concurrent validity was evaluated by Pearson's correlation with a total score of GMFM. Results: Chronbach's alpha was over 0.98 for each test item and 0.99 for the total items. There was no significant differences in the score of K-PFMT among the three evaluator groups except for a few items. The test-retest ICC was from 0.89 to 1.00 and from 0.82 to 1.00, respectively. There was no significant difference between the test and retest group, except for a few items. There were high significant correlations between K-PFMT and GMFM. Conclusion: This study showed that a K-PFMT with relatively high reliability and validity was successfully developed. The K-PFMT will be a useful tool for measurement of muscle strength of children with motor developmental disorder.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2017

사과, 배, 포도 등 과수 고품질 생산과 생산성 향상을 위한 시설현대화 정책은 사업 참여농가들의 생산량이 증가하는 등 사업의 성과가 높은 것으로 보고되고 있어, 생산농가의 정책 참여의향이 높은 것으로 보인다. 그 동안 이 사업에 참여한 생산농가는 품종갱신, 친환경과원관리, 배수시설, 지주시설, 관수관비시설, 비가림시설, 다겹보온커텐설치, 작업로 정비, 야생동물 방지시설, 서리피해방지시설 등 여러 사업에 참여했다. 이 논문은 우리나라 과수산업에서 생산비중이 높은 품목(사과, 배, 포도) 생산농가를 대상으로 정책수행의 성과를 측정하였다. 우리는 이를 위해 참여농가 약 300호를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 자료를 토대로 공변량매칭 및 PSM 방법을 이용하여, 생산량, 농가판매가격, 당도 증가율, 생산비 등 다양한 변수들에 대한 사업 전후의 성과 변화를 비교 검토하였다. 검토결과, 여러 세부 사업 중 사과의 경우는 주로 품종갱신, 배는 주로 관수관비시설 설치, 포도는 비가람시설의 설치사업에 주로 참여하여 양적 생산량 증대는 물론 당도개선 등 과실의 품질향상에도 상당한 기여를 한 것으로 파악된다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.95-95
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• 2014

The mass measurement of neutron stars or black holes is of fundamental importance in our understanding of the evolution of massive stars and core-collapse supernova explosions as well as some exotic physics of the extreme conditions. Despite the importance, however, it's very difficult to measure mass of these objects directly. One way to do this, if they are in binary systems, to measure their binary motions (i.e., Doppler shifts) which can give us direct information on their mass. Recently many new highly-obscured massive X-ray binaries have been discovered by new hard X-ray satellites such as INTEGRAL and NuSTAR. The new highly-obscured massive X-ray binaries are faint in the optical, but bright in the infrared with many emission lines. Based on the near-infrared spectroscopy, one can first understand the nature of stellar companions to the compact objects, determining its spectral types and luminosity classes as well as mass losses and conditions of (potential) circumstellar material. Next, spectroscopic monitoring of these objects can be used to estimate the mass of compact objects via measuring the Doppler shifts of the lines. For the former, broad-band spectroscopy is essential; for the latter, high-resolution spectroscopy is critical. Therefore, IGRINS appears to be an ideal instrument to study them. An IGRINS survey of these new highly-obscured massive X-ray binaries can give us a rare opportunity to carry out population analyses for understanding the evolution of massive binary systems and formation of compact objects and their mass ranges. In this talk, we will present a sample near-infrared high resolution spectra of HMXB, IGR J19140+0951 and discuss about its spectral feature. These spectra are obtained on 13th July, 2014 from IGRINS commissioning run at McDonald 2.7m telescope. And at final, we will introduce the upgrade plan of IGRINS Operation Software (IGOS), to gather the input from IGRINS observer.