• 한국농촌간호학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to identify differences in factors influencing cognitive function according to the cognition of community dwelling elders. Methods: A convenience sample of 565 community dwelling elders participated in this study and from May to June, 2010 trained research assistants collected data using structured questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression with the SPSS Win 15.0 version. Results: The elders had a slightly low degree of cognitive function. Of the 565 elders, 41.1% were in the normal group for cognitive function and 58.9% in the mild impairment group. Although there were no significant differences in general characteristics between the groups, factors influencing cognitive function were different. Factors influencing elders in the normal group were leisure activity and moderately good health status. These variables accounted for 5.7% of the variance in cognitive function. Factors influencing elders in the mild impairment group were leisure activity, depression, and education level limited to elementary school graduation. These variables accounted for 19.9% of the variance cognitive function. Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive understanding of factors influencing cognitive function in elders. Differentiated nursing interventions according to degree of cognitive function are suggested.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2015

Accessing and searching in a sequence of numbers are fundamental operations in computing that are encountered in a wide range of applications. One of the applications of the problem is cryptanalytic time-memory tradeoff which is aimed at a one-way function. A rainbow table, which is a common method for the time-memory tradeoff, contains elements from an input domain of a hash function that are normally sorted integers. In this paper, we present a practical indexing method for a monotonically increasing static sequence of numbers where the access and search queries can be addressed efficiently in terms of both time and space complexity. For a sequence of n numbers from a universe $U=\{0,{\ldots},m-1\}$, our data structure requires n lg(m/n) + O(n) bits with constant average running time for both access and search queries. We also give an analysis of the time and space complexities of the data structure, supported by experiments with rainbow tables.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.135-153
• /
• 2009

This study examined trends in private after-school lessons for preschoolers and elementary school children as a function of demographic characteristics such as children's age, socioeconomic status, and mothers' employment status. One thousand and sixty-three mothers completed questionnaires on demographic characteristics and their children's participation in private after-school lessons. Data were analyzed by chi-square, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and multiple regression analyses. Results demonstrated that older children and children from higher income and full-time homemaker families attended more private lessons. Age of children was the most influential variable among the demographic characteristics; that is, older children had more after-school lessons. Recommendations for future research are to focus on possible negative effects of excessive private lessons on children's socio-emotional development.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2020

We have not identified on what gender difference during gait at a pace of one's preferred velocity effects on the function of bilateral lower limb. This study was undertaken to investigate a difference of gait strategy by gender during gait at a one's preferred velocity of participants of adult male and female (n=20). Cinematographic data for motion analysis, ground reaction force (GRF) variables, and muscle volume of lower limb were analyzed. Significant difference of variables on movement of center of mass whole body, joint angle and moment of lower limb, and ground reaction force were tested by 2-way ANOVA analysis (P<0.05). Male group showed more muscle volume than female, and both showed more volume in dominant leg than non-dominant. Main effect by bilateral leg during gait showed higher difference in right than left leg in change of vertical position of center of mass (maximal, minimal). Main effect by gender in vertical change of position and velocity of center of mass showed higher difference in male than female (maximal, minimal). Hip joint showed more flexed and extended angle in male than female, and also dorsiflexion of ankle and flexion moment of knee and hip joint showed higher in male than female group. Therefore, this result was assumed that dominant showed furthermore more contribution for propulsive function than non-dominant leg. Gender difference showed in strategy controlling of biomechanical characteristics, and perhaps influenced by muscle volume.

• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 1997

In this paper, applications of neural networks to vibration control of flexible single link robot manipulator are ocnsidered. The architecture of neural networks is a hidden layer, which is comprised of self-recurrent one. Tow neural networks are utilized in a control system ; one as an identifier is called neuro identifier and the othe ra s a controller is called neuro controller. The neural networks can be used to approximate any continuous function to any desired degree of accuracy and the weights are updated by dynamic error-backpropagation algorithm(DEA). To guarantee concegence and to get faster learning, an approach that uses adaptive learning rates is developed by introducing a Lyapunov function. When a flexible manipulator is ratated by a motor through the fixed end, transverse vibration may occur. The motor torque should be controlle dinsuch as way, that the motor is rotated by a specified angle. while simulataneously stabilizing vibration of the flexible manipulators so that it is arrested as soon as possible at the end of rotation. Accurate vibration control of lightweight manipulator during the large body motions, as well as the flexural vibrations. Therefore, dynamic models for a flexible single link manipulator is derived, and LQR controller and nerual networks controller are composed. The effectiveness of the proposed nerual networks control system is confirmed by experiments.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
• /
• 제63권4호
• /
• pp.657-673
• /
• 2024

Based on the observation that there is a common signifier "derivative" in English used for both the derivative at a point and the derivative function and that there are two phonetically and semantically different signifiers for those objects in Korean, we explored potential differences in classroom teaching discourses aimed to teach canonic mathematical discourses about the mathematical objects that those terms signify and their relations in Korean and English. Our analysis of one Korean teacher's and one American teacher's classroom discourse about the derivative using the commognitive approach uncovered differences in their teaching discourse in terms of addressing metarules about the terms and connections to colloquial discourse that exist in English, but not in Korean. We also found differences in how the American teacher made connections between the derivative at a point and the derivative function and how the Korean teacher connected the two signifiers in Korean - the American teacher extended a realization of the first defined object to define the second object, and after that, made shifts in a way that precludes simultaneous use of the common signifier for both objects whereas, in Korean teacher's discourse, no extensions were observed and the first defined object gained additional realizations.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2008

For the domestic digital contents, it is particularly important that the planning and mediating functions should cover the whole Industries so that dividends and assistance to reach all the way back to the primary contents-creating level, where economic risks are especially high. A proactive cooperation system or framework between the government, the businesses and research institutions, which would allow for free flow of interaction among these players, can play that role. We can broadly define cooperation frameworks into two; one between the central and the local governments and another among private-sector groups, such as companies, associations and groups. These players in the framework have differing, sometimes, conflicting views regarding the digital contents industry whether the digital contents should aim for skilled applicability or the abstract or whether the emphasis should rest on public interest or profitability. Immature competition and lack of trust among these players also give rise to such inefficiencies as overlap in investments, inexpertness and inefficient use of resources. We have proposed and realized the National Integrated Cooperation System to bridge these gaps among the major players in the industry. The National Integrated Cooperation System rests on the following major functions. The first major function of the NICS is to decipher any ambiguity that may be embedded in external Inputs by stratified role and bias. The second function is to create cooperative groups that will deal with the ambiguities based on its consequent situation. The third is a feedback function that will draw out a new cooperative way by re-feeding the capacities and the conflicts that stem from the existing organizations and strategies into cooperation and adjustment process. Our NICS has compared and evaluated with England and Australia digital content industry models under AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. NICS has turned out to be well designed and have strong points based on OECD innovation and cooperation criteria.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.263-272
• /
• 1999

창조적 판매환경은 소비자에게 기업 이미지를 효과적으로 전달하여 소비욕구를 증진시키고 신뢰감을 형성하며, 이는 결과적으로 기업의 이윤확대로 이어지게 된다. 따라서 오늘날과 같이 기업간의 경쟁과잉으로 인해 그 차별성이 모호해진 경우 소비자의 개성충족을 위한 매장 디자인은 더욱 중요한 부분으로 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 소비자의 다양한 요구와 무분별해진 상업공간의 이미지 차별화를 위한 방안을 제시함에 있어서 벽을 중요한 요소로 인식하였다. 패션전문점에서의 벽을 기존의 구조적이고 단순판매를 위한 진열적 성격의 한계성에서 벗어나 공간에서 시각적 기능을 가진 요소로 해석하였다. 기존 구조벽이 갖는 물리적인 중요성보다 상징적, 시각적 측면에서의 기능성과 구성방법의 측면에서 접근하였다. 또한 구조 내력벽을 중심으로 시지각(視知覺) 빈도가 높은 내벽면과 사인성을 가진 파사드의 상호연관성을 분석하여 패션전문점에서의 벽면 구성에 의한 효과적인 이미지 표현방법을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.541-550
• /
• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 PAPS-D를 활용하여 인라인스케이트 프로그램이 발달장애 학생들의 건강 체력 향상에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 것이다. 대상자는 발달장애 판정을 받은 중고등부 학생 10명으로 구성되었고 16주 동안 주2회 총32회 수업을 하였으며, 수업시간은 매 시간 60분으로 하였다. 건강 체력 향상을 측정하기 위한 검사 도구는 2016학년도 교육과학부에서 개발한 PAPS-D 프로그램으로서 비만도 측정을 제외한 심폐기능(6분 걷기), 유연성(앉아 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기), 근 기능(윗몸 말아 올리기), 순발력(제자리 멀리뛰기)을 적용시켜 측정하였다. 통제집단과 실험집단의 상호작용 효과를 알아보기 위해 Two-way Repeated Measure ANOVA를 실시한 검사 결과는 심폐기능과 순발력에서는 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났지만, 유연성과 근 기능에서는 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 4개의 변인 중 3개변인(심폐기능, 유연성, 근 기능)은 인라인스케이트 프로그램이 건강 체력 향상에 영향을 미친것으로 나타났으며, 1개의 변인(순발력)은 사전검사 보다 사후검사에서 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 사전 사후 검사에서 향상된 것으로 확인된 3개 변인의 결과에 따라 결론적으로 발달장애 학생들의 인라인스케이트 프로그램 적용은 건강 체력 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
• /
• 제9C권3호
• /
• pp.351-358
• /
• 2002

Recently, personal business styles have been rapidly changed into e-business due to the rapid progress and deployment of Internet. As a result of the change, new and safe ways of payment such as electronic wallet, electronic money and electronic check have been developed and introduced. In this paper a secure and user-friendly payment method is addressed. One of most important reasons why newly developed safe payment methods are not widely used in e-business is lack of convenience for the users. On the other hand credit card based payment, which is traditional one, is the most prevailing due to the user-friendliness. However this payment also has some problem in sense of security. In this paper, we design and implement a secure credit card-based payment system using one-time credit information. The main features are "payment information must be new", "can use the old credit system", and "do not require client software".