• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.1588-1597
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• 1996

본 논문은 한국어 어휘 중의성 해소(lexical disambiguation)에서 어휘 확률 (lexical probability) 평가방법에 대해 기술하고 있다. 통계적 접근 방법의 어휘 중 의성 해소에서는 일반적으로 말뭉치(corpus)로부터 추출된 통계 자료에 기초하여 어 휘 확률과 문맥 확률(contextual probability)을 평가한다. 한국어는 어절별로 띄어 쓰기가 이루어지므로 어절 단위로 어휘 확률을 적용하는 것이 바람직하다. 하지만 한 국어는 어절의 다양성이 심하기 때문에 상당히 큰 말뭉치를 사용하더라도 어절 단위 로는 어휘 확률을 직접 평가할 수 없는 경우가 다소 있다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 본 연구에서는 어휘 분석 측면에서 어절의 유사성을 정의하고 이에 기반을 둔 한국어 어휘 확률 평가 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법에서는 어떤 어절에 대해 어휘 확률 을 직접 평가할 수 없는 경우 이와 어휘 분석이 유사한 어절들을 통해 간접적으로 평 가한다. 실험결과 제안된 접근방법이 한국어 어휘 중의성 해소에 효과적인 것으로 나 타나고 있다.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2016

We propose a model-based method for information alignment using educational standards as a case study. Discrepancies and inconsistencies in educational standards across different states/cities hinder the retrieval and sharing of educational resources. Unlike existing educational standards alignment systems that only give binary judgments (either "aligned" or "not-aligned"), our proposed system classifies each pair of educational standard statements in one of seven levels of alignments: Strongly Fully-aligned, Weakly Fully-aligned, Partially-$aligned^{***}$, Partially-$aligned^{**}$, Partially-$aligned^*$, Poorly-aligned, and Not-aligned. Such a 7-level categorization extends the notion of binary alignment and provides a finer-grained system for comparing educational standards that can broaden categories of resource discovery and retrieval. This study continues our previous use of mathematics education as a domain, because of its generally unambiguous concepts. We adopt a materialization pattern (MP) model developed in our earlier work to represent each standard statement as a verb-phrase graph and a noun-phrase graph; we align a pair of statements using graph matching based on Bloom's Taxonomy, WordNet, and taxonomy of mathematics concepts. Our experiments on data sets of mathematics educational standards show that our proposed system can provide alignment results with a high degree of agreement with domain expert's judgments.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2008

The current study investigated distributional properties of the Korean Accentual Phrase and their implication to word segmentation. The properties examined were the frequency of various AP tonal patterns, the types of tonal patterns that are imposed upon content words, and the average number and temporal location of content words within the AP. A total of 414 sentences from the Read speech corpus and the Radio corpus were used for the data analysis. The results showed that the 84% of the APs contained one content word, and that almost 90% of the content words are located in AP-initial position. When the AP-initial onset was not an aspirated or tense consonant, the most common AP patterns were LH, LHH, and LHLH (78%), and 88% of the multisyllabic content words start with a rising tone in AP-initial position. When the AP-initial onset was an aspirated or tense consonant, the most common AP patterns were HH, HHLH, and HHL (72%), and 74% of the multisyllabic content words start with a level H tone in AP-initial position. The data further showed that 84.1% of APs end with the final H tone. The findings provide valuable information about the prosodic pattern and structure of Korean APs, and account for the results of a previous study which showed that Korean listeners are sensitive to AP-initial rising and AP-final high tones (Kim, 2007). This is in line with other cross-linguistic research which has revealed the correlation between prosodic probability and speech processing strategy.

• 의료법학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2007

It is a general principle that the plaintiff takes burden of proof about negligence and causation in a civil compensation litigation. And it is the same in a medical malpractice lawsuit. Korean courts have made diverse efforts to mitigate the plaintiff's duty to prove in medical malpractice lawsuits under the name of justice and impartiality. One of those theoretical attempt is 'presumption of causation'. The Supreme Court, since 1995, has developed a new logic for the theory of 'presumption of causation' which is characterized by a phrase "layman's common sense". The Court presumes the defendant's negligence and causation when the plaintiff alleges and proves the facts which can be pointed out and expressed by a layman with common sense. And if the defendant fails to prove that the result was caused by other fact than own medical activities, the defendant shall be defeated. I realize that this theory has problem for justice and impartiality. I would say that two fators should be considered and added to this logic. First,are defendant's acts generally belonging to gross negligence which would cause that kind of bad result? Second, is it recognized that there would be the causation generally and statistically between the cause and the result?

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 2007년도 정기학술대회
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• pp.202-209
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• 2007

Compound verbs in Korean show properties of both syntactic phrases and lexical items. Earlier studies of compound verbs have either assumed two homonymous types, i.e. one as a syntactic phrase and the other as a lexical item, or posited some sort of transformation from a syntactic phrase into a lexical item. In this paper, I show empirical and conceptual problems for earlier studies, and present an alternative account in terms of Talmy's (2000) theory of lexicalization. Unlike Talmy who proposed [Path] conflation into [MOVE] for Korean, I suggest several types of [Co-Event] conflation; e.g. [$_{Co-Event}$ Manner] conflation as in kwul-e-kata 'to go by rolling', [$_{Co-Event}$ Concomitance] conflation as in ttal-a-kata 'to follow', [$_{Co-Event}$ Concurrent Result] conflation as in cap-a-kata 'to catch somebody and go', etc. The present proposal not only places Korean compound verbs in a broader picture of cross-linguistic generalizations, but, when viewed from Jackendoff's (1997) productive vs. semi-productive morphology, provides a natural account for classifying the compounds that allow -se intervention from those that do not.

• 음성과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2001

The present study was performed to investigate adequate levels of utterances which can give essential as well as useful information about the patients' voice, by examining the degrees of correlation between the levels of utterances (vowels, words, and phrase paragraph reading) and the entire utterance including all of the levels. For this purpose, a total of 10 individual utterance samples (5 vowels, 3 words, 1 phrase, 1 paragraph reading) were collected from each of the 30 subjects with voice disorder patients, and four experienced voice therapists evaluated them using GRBAS. The results showed that four therapists highly agreed upon on 'G' parameter. The coefficient of the correlation between each level of utterance and entire utterance tended to be above 0.70. Judgements of the vowel /$\varepsilon$/ as well as /o/ highly correlated with the judgement of the entire utterance. Regardless of severity, the judgement of the entire utterance highly correlated with the judgements of the vowel /u/ and the paragraph reading. These results suggest that experienced voice therapists can precisely evaluate patients' voice quality with only one sustained vowel in the clinic field, as is done with the entire utterance evaluation.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

This study investigates the fixed and random factors affecting response patterns of wh-scope interpretations in Gyeongsang Korean. It employed logistic mixed-effects regression models to analyze responses from 24 participants who listened to 40 pre-recorded stimuli from 40 different speakers. The stimuli consisted of an embedded wh-phrase and an interrogative ending marker, "-nkiko," thereby forming a wh-question, specifically a matrix wh-scope. Participants repeated the test three times. The study found that the prominence level of a prosodic phrase composed of an embedded verb and a complementizer was inversely related to responses with wh-questions, as demonstrated through multiple regression analysis in Yun. The test trial significantly impacted the number of responses with wh-questions, increasing from 50.3% in the first trial to 58.8% and 61.2% in subsequent trials. Examination of random subject effects revealed two main factors influencing responses: morpho-syntactic constraints and prosodic structural integrity. These two factors demonstrated the potential to be inversely weighted. Analysis of random stimulus effects suggested that the prominence level had limited effects on response patterns with each stimulus primarily eliciting one type of responses across trials.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2002

One of the most important factor in the performance of Korean text-to-speech system is the prediction of accentual and intonational phrase boundary. The previous method of prediction shows only the 75-85% which is not proper in the practical and commercial system. Therefore, more accurate prediction must be needed in the practical system. In this study, we propose the simple and more accurate method of the prediction of AP, IP.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.91-94
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• 2007

This paper aims to analyze the pronunciation of Korean Point-of-Interest (POI) data, which consist of 224 sound files, from the phonological point of view, adapting the notion of prosodic word within the framework of Intonational Phonology. Each POI word is broken down into prosodic words, which are defined as the minimal sequence of segments which can be produced as one Accentual Phrase (AP). Then the pronunciation of the POI word considering its prosodic words are analyzed. The results show that: in most cases, a prosodic word is realized as one AP; that, in some cases, two prosodic words are pronounced as one AP: and that no cases are found where 3 prosodic words are realized as one AP.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제22권
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• pp.33-83
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• 2014

The most fundamental topic of the Daesoonjinrihoe faith is how the human Kang Jeongsan can be supreme god(GucheonSangje). This statement is based on the Great Work of Sangje that is called Chunji-Gongsa. The documents on Chunji-Gongsa is founded in Jeongyung, the scripture of Daesoonjinrihoe. But it's not easy for us to understand it because of its holistic and symbolic expression. There are duplicate phrase of Chunji-Gonsa in one scripture or included it in another chapter that is not Chunji-Gongsa as well. So we need to analyze it more systematically and understand it reasonably. Especially in order to write this article I would like to use the view of Guchun-Sangje theory. This article is composed with three chapters except preface and conclusion. The first one is the relation between Chunji-Gongsa and Guchun-Sangje. The second one is to analyze Chunji-Gonsa. The third one is the doctrinal significances of Chunji-Gongsa.