• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 1998

The study of the Rana plancyi, was done during the calling period at a pond in Osong, Chungbuk, Korea from May to the middle of August of 1996 and 1997. Five basic types of call-A, B, C, D, E, - were identified in Rana plancyi according to the structure of call types. The structure of A type call has only one pulse, B type call has two pulses and C, D type call has one separated pulse which is called introductory call and pulse group as follow it. On the other hand, E type call has 3-6 separate pulses. The interval between introductory call and pulse group is $0.73{\pm}0.29$ s(n=159) in C type call and $0.60{\pm}0.21$ s (n=48) in D type call. The number of pulses in the pulse group is $30.08{\pm}8.69$ in C type call and $15.78{\pm}2.40$ in D type call. An increase in water temperature induces a decrease in C and D type call duration (C type call r= -0.4153, p<0.001, D type call r=-0.7064, p<0.001). In case of C and D type call, the interval between introductory call and pulse group influenced more call duration than pulse group duration. We regarded A, B type call as a territorial call and C, D type call as a mating call and we recognized that E type call has the function of threat or alarm.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권5_6호
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• pp.1021-1035
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• 2008

In this paper, we analyze an N-design call center with skill-based routing, in which one pool of agents handles two types of calls and another pool of agents handles only one type of calls. The approximate analysis is motivated by a computational complexity that has been observed in the direct stochastic approach and numerical method for finding performance measures. The workforce staffing policy is very important to the successful management of call centers. So the allocation scheduling of the agents can be considered as the optimization problem of the corresponding queueing system to the call center. We use a decomposition algorithm which divides the state space of the queueing system into the subspaces for the approximate analysis of the N-design call center with two different types of agents. We also represent some numerical examples and show the impact of the system parameters on the performance measures.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.17-35
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• 2019

Call centers do not simply play a role of responding to customers' calls, but they have developed into a core unit for maintaining competitiveness through services, marketing, or sales. Since the service quality of call centers heavily affects customer satisfaction, organizations have focused on enhancing it by reducing waiting time and increasing service level. One of the techniques, which improve the service quality of call centers, is to employ multi-skilled agents that can handle more than one type of calls. This study deals with three issues relevant to multi-skilled agents. First, we analyze how the way of allocating a specific group of agents to a set of skills affects the performance of call centers. Secondly, we investigate the relationship between the number of multi-skilled agents and the performance of call centers. Finally, we examine the impact of agent selection rules on the performance of call centers. Two selection rules are compared : the first rule is to assign a call to any available agent at random while the other rule is to assign a call preferably to single-skilled agents over multi-skilled agents when applicable. Based on simulation experiments, we suggest three implications. First, as the length of cycles in the agent-skill configuration network becomes longer, call centers achieve higher service level and shorter waiting time. Secondly, simulation results show that as the portion of multi-skilled agents increases, the performance of call centers improves. However, most of the improvement is attained when the portion of multi-skilled agents is relatively low. Finally, the agent selection rules do not significantly affect the call centers' performance, but the rule of preferring single-skilled agents tends to distribute the workload among agents more equally.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 개별 제공하고 있는 안내전화서비스를 대표번호체계로 통합연계운영하고, 도로교통 정보외에 철도, 항공 버스 등의 대체교통수단 정보 및 관련기관과의 유기적 연계를 통한 원스톱(One stop) 서비스를 제공하는 안내전화서비스의 통합연계운영을 서비스를 제시하는데 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 국내 외 현황을 분석하고, 시범구축, 확대구축, 안정화 및 고급화의 3단계에 따라 운영기술과 통합시스템 기술사양을 검토하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 교통정보 안내전화는 정보취득의 원스톱(One stop) 서비스, 이용 편의성 서비스, 다양한 연계정보제공 서비스, 제공정보의 실시간화 및 효율적인 체계를 구현할 것으로 기대한다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2011

In call forecasting literature, both the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) type models and seasonal linear models have been popularly suggested as competing models. However, their parallel comparison for the forecasting accuracy was not strictly investigated before. This study evaluates the accuracy of both the seasonal linear models and the seasonal ARIMA-type models when predicting intra-day call arrival rates using both real and simulated data. The seasonal linear models outperform the seasonal ARIMA-type models in both one-day-ahead and one-week-ahead call forecasting in our empirical study.

• 한국기술혁신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국기술혁신학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.45-57
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• 2002

Since a new entrant in the telecommunications market requires time in order to construct its own network, a requirement on the incumbent operator to implement carrier selection and pre-selection can enable a new entrant to immediately attract customers and earn revenue. Carrier selection can normally be accomplished in two ways, on a call-by-call basis or through carrel pre-selection. Call-by-call selection allows customers to choose a new entrant rather than the incumbent carrier using a specific code designated to the new carrier each time a call is made. Carrier Pre-Selection, on the other hand, allows customers directly connect to the network of one provider to have access automatically to another company's services when they pick up the phone to make certain types of calls. The carrier pre-selection option is generally considered to be a second regulatory step following the implementation of the call-by-call carrier selection option. Carrier pre-selection with the ability to override on a call-by-call basis for long distance, international, local, and fixed-to-mobile calls has now been implemented in many EU countries. This paper attempts to identify the issues in introducing CPS and to draw policy implications from other countries' experiences.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2004

시간 순서 보전을 만족하는 프레임내 시간 슬롯의 배치 방법에는 임의, 연속, 주기 배치 방식 등이 있다. T-S-T 스위치 구조의 각 입력, 출력, 정터 시간스위치를 256개의 시간슬롯으로, 공간 스위치를 2*2로 구성하고, 시뮬레이션 검색횟수를 32회로 한정하며, 각 경우에 대한 시뮬레이션 시간은 10만 단위로 설정하였다. 시뮬레이션에 적용된 다중호는 기본호, 2배호, 6배호로 한정하였다. 부가된 기본호:2배호:6배호의 구성을 8:1:1, 6:2:2, 4:3:3 로 달리하면서 스위치에 트래픽을 할당하며 트래픽에 따른 호손율을 구하였다. 요약하면, 동일한 트래픽을 부가하였을 때 다중호의 배치 방식은 임의, 연속, 주기 방식의 순서로 호손율이 낮은 결과가 도출되어 다중호의 호손율이 제일 낮은 방식은 주기적 배치방식임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제2권11호
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• pp.1373-1382
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• 2001

이동통신 텔레트래픽 모델은 Network Traffic 모델과 Traffic Source 모델이라는 두 개의 하부모델로 구성된다. 본 논문에서는 기지국이 설치되어 있는 지역 특성을 고려한 traffic source 모델을 제시하고, 이동통신 트래픽 시뮬레이터인 MobCall을 구현하였다. MobCall은 사용자 이동성을 각 지역별 차량 평균 속도와 수송분담율을 적용하고 있다. 구현된 MobCall을 이용하여 서울 도심 주거지역과 상업지역에서의 누적 발생 호 수, 교통량에 따른 핸드오프 율, 고속도로에서의 핸드오프 율, 그리고 호 점유 시간 변화에 따른 핸드오프 율을 결과로 제시하였다. MobCall은 기지국에서 사용자 호 패턴에 따른 동적 핸드오프 버퍼링과 같은 기능적 요소를 설계 단계에서 고려할 수 있다.

• 월간 기계설비
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• 4호통권201호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2007

정부가 도입하려 하는 원콜시스템(EOCS: Excavation One Call System)은 원콜센터에 전화 한통화를 하면 현장에서 만나 도시가스 매설배관을 지면에 표시해 주기 때문에 신청서 작성이 필요없고 곧바로 업무처리가 가능하다. 이 시스템 도입은 관계부처 협의를 거쳐 법제처 심사를 앞두고 있으며 올 하반기쯤 시행될 예정이다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.22.1-22.7
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• 2016

Objectives This study analyzed the associations between mobile phone call frequency and duration with non-specific symptoms. Methods This study was conducted with a population group including 532 non-patient adults established by the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The pattern of phone call using a mobile phone was investigated through face-to-face interview. Structured methods applied to quantitatively assess health effects are Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory, Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 12-item Short Form Health Survey where a higher score represents a higher greater health effect. Results The average daily phone call frequency showed a significant correlation with the PSS score in female subjects. Increases in the average duration of one phone call were significantly correlated with increases in the severity of headaches in both sexes. The mean (standard deviation) HIT-6 score in the subgroup of subjects whose average duration of one phone call was five minutes or longer was 45.98 (8.15), as compared with 42.48 (7.20) in those whose average duration of one phone call was <5 minutes. The severity of headaches was divided into three levels according to the HIT-6 score (little or no impact/moderate impact/substantial or severe impact), and a logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between an increased phone call duration and the headache severity. When the average duration of one phone call was five minutes or longer, the odds ratio (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the moderate impact group were 2.22 and 1.18 to 4.19, respectively. The OR and 95% CI for the substantial or severe impact group were 4.44 and 2.11 to 8.90, respectively. Conclusions Mobile phone call duration was not significantly associated with stress, sleep, cognitive function, or depression, but was associated with the severity of headaches.