• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.1741-1751
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• 2007

The imprecise computation technique ensures that all time-critical tasks produce their results before their deadlines by trading off the quality of the results for the computation time requirements of the tasks. In the imprecise computation, most scheduling problems of satisfying both 0/1 constraints and timing constraints, while the total error is minimized, are NP-complete when the optional tasks have arbitrary processing times. In the previous studies, the reasonable strategies of scheduling tasks with the 0/1 constraints on uniprocessors and multiprocessors for minimizing the total error are proposed. But, these algorithms are all off-line algorithms. Then, in the on-line scheduling, NORA(No Off-line tasks and on-line tasks Ready upon Arrival) algorithm can find a schedule with the minimum total error. In NORA algorithm, EDF(Earliest Deadline First) strategy is adopted in the scheduling of optional tasks. On the other hand, for the task system with 0/1 constraints, NORA algorithm may not suitable any more for minimizing total error of the imprecise tasks. Therefore, in this paper, an on-line algorithm is proposed to minimize total error for the imprecise real-time task system with 0/1 constraints. This algorithm is suitable for the imprecise on-line system with 0/1 constraints. Next, to evaluate performance of this algorithm, a series of experiments are done. As a consequence of the performance comparison, it has been concluded that IOSMTE(Imprecise On-line Scheduling to Minimize Total Error) algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms LOF(Longest Optional First) strategy and SOF(Shortest Optional First) strategy for the most cases.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.443-451
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• 2001

This paper addresses an on-line scheduling method for track systems in semiconductor fabrication. A track system is a clustered equipment performing photolithography process in semiconductor fabrication. Trends toward high automation and flexibility in the track systems accelerate the necessity of the intelligent controller that can guarantee reliability and optimize productivity of the track systems. This paper proposes an-efficient on-line scheduling method that can avoid deadlock inherent to track systems and optimize the productivity. We employ two procedures for the on-line scheduling. First, we define potential deadlock set to apply deadlock avoidance policy efficiently. After introducing the potential deadlock set, we propose a deadlock avoidance policy using an on-line Gantt chart, which can generate optimal near-optimal schedule without deadlock. The proposed on-line scheduling method is shown to be efficient in handling deadlock inherent to the track systems through simulation.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제31권1_2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2004

이질적인 계산자원들로 구성된 분산 컴퓨팅 환경에서 의존성이 존재하지 않는 독립적인 작업들을 자원들에 배치하기 위한 방법은 NP-Complete 문제로 알려져 있다［1］. 이질적인 자원으로 구성된 시스템의 대표적인 예가 GRID［2］이다. 현재까지 그리드 시스템에서 스케줄링 문제를 풀기 위한 다양한 휴리스틱 스케줄링 방법이 연구되어 왔다［1,3,4,5］. 스케줄링 방법은 정적인 방법과 동적인 방법으로 나뉘어진다. 동적 스케줄링 방법은 작업의 선후 관계를 예측할 수 없는 상황에서 사용되며 동적 스케줄링 방법은 스케줄링 시기에 따라 온라인방식과 배치방식으로 나뉘어진다［1,6］. 본 논문에서는 새로운 온라인 휴리스틱 스케줄링 알고리즘을 제안하였으며 제안된 스케줄링 알고리즘의 성능이 기존의 스케줄링 알고리즘의 성능보다 뛰어남을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 보였다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 1997년도 춘계 학술대회 발표집
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• pp.93-99
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• 1997

Most of the past studies on FMS scheduling problems may be classified into two classes, namely off-line scheduling and on-line scheduling approach. The off-line scheduling methods are used mostly for FMS planning purposes and may not be useful real time control of FMSs, because it generates solutions only after a relatively long period of time. The on-line scheduling methods are used extensively for dynamic real-time control of FMSs although the performance of on-line scheduling algorithms tends vary dramatically depending on various configurations of FMS. Current study is about finding a better on-line scheduling rules for FMS operations. In this study, we propose a method to create priority functions that can be used in setting relative priorities among jobs or machines in on-line scheduling. The priority functions reflect the configuration of FMS and the user-defined objective functions. The priority functions are generated from diverse dispatching rules which may be considered a special priority functions by themselves, and used to determine the order of processing and transporting parts. Overall system of our work consists of two modules, the Priority Function Evolution Module (PFEM) and the FMS Simulation Module (FMSSM). The PFEM generates new priority functions using input variables from a terminal set and primitive functions from a function set by genetic programming. And the FMSSM evaluates each priority function by a simulation methodology. Based on these evaluated values, the PFEM creates new priority functions by using crossover, mutation operation and probabilistic selection. These processes are iteratively applied until the termination criteria are satisfied. We considered various configurations and objective functions of FMSs in our study, and we seek a workable solution rather than an optimum or near optimum solution in scheduling FMS operations in real time. To verify the viability of our approach, experimental results of our model on real FMS are included.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.1589-1596
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• 2005

The imprecise real-time system provides flexibility in scheduling time-critical tasks. Most scheduling problems of satisfying both 0/1 constraint and timing constraints, while the total error is minimized, are NP complete when the optional tasks have arbitrary processing times. Liu suggested a reasonable strategy of scheduling tasks with the 0/1 constraint on uniprocessors for minimizing the total error. Song et al suggested a reasonable strategy of scheduling tasks with the 0/1 constraint on multiprocessors for minimizing the total error. But, these algorithms are all off-line algorithms. On the other hand, in the case of on line scheduling, Shih and Liu proposed the NORA algorithm which can find a schedule with the minimum total error for a task system consisting solely of on-line tasks that are ready upon arrival. But, for the task system with 0/1 constraint, it has not been known whether the NORA algorithm can be optimal or not in the sense that it guarantees all mandatory tasks are completed by their deadlines and the total error is minimized. So, this paper suggests an optimal algorithm to search minimum total error for the imprecise on-line real-time task system with 0/1 constraint. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has the same complexity, O(N log N), as the NORA algorithm, where N is the number of tasks.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-49
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• 1997

Printed circuit board (PCB) assembly line configuration is characterized by very long set-up times and high work in process (WIP) inventory level. The scheduling method can significantly reduce the set-up times and WIP inventory level. Greedy sequence dependent scheduling (GSDS) method is proposed based on the current methods. The proposed method is compared with the current method in terms of three performance measures: line throughput, average WIP inventory level, and implementation complexity.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1997년도 추계학술대회발표논문집; 홍익대학교, 서울; 1 Nov. 1997
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• pp.162-165
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 off-line 스케쥴링과 on-line 스케쥴링을 함께 고려하는 스케쥴링 메카니즘에 대해 설명하였다. 일반적으로 스케쥴링은 off-line 문제를 주로 다룬다. 그러나, off-line으로 생성된 스케쥴은 실시간으로 발생하는 여러 문제들(기계 고장, 긴급 주문등) 때문에 현실과 맞지 않게 되어 유용성이 떨어지는 경우가 자주 발생한다. 따라서 off-line 스케쥴링의 결과를 수행할때 위와 같은 문제가 발생할 경우, 스케쥴의 변화를 흡수하면서 off-line 스케쥴링의 결과를 최대한 유지할수 있는 on-line 스케쥴링에서 이 같은 스케쥴 실행시의 문제를 해결할 수 있도록 bidding 알고리즘을 사용하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2016

Semiconductor manufacturing has suffered from the complex process behavior of the technology oriented control in the production line. While the technological processes are in charge of the quality and the yield of the product, the operational management is also critical for the productivity of the manufacturing line. The fabrication line in the semiconductor manufacturing is considered as the most complex part because of various kinds of the equipment, re-entrant process routing and various product devices. The efficiency and the productivity of the fabrication line may give a significant impact on the subsequent processes such as the probe line, the assembly line and final test line. In the management of the re-entrant process such as semiconductor fabrication, it is important to keep balanced fabrication line. The Performance measures in the fabrication line are throughput, cycle time, inventory, shortage, etc. In the fabrication, throughput and cycle time are the conflicting performance measures. It is very difficult to achieve two conflicting goal simultaneously in the manufacturing line. The capacity of equipment is important factor in the production planning and scheduling. The production planning consideration of capacity can make the scheduling more realistic. In this paper, an input and scheduling rule are to achieve the balanced operation in semiconductor fabrication line through equipment capacity and workload are proposed and evaluated. New backward projection and scheduling rule consideration of facility capacity are suggested. Scheduling wafers on the appropriate facilities are controlled by available capacity, which are determined by the workload in terms of the meet the production target.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2010

In this paper, we survey the parallel machines scheduling problem with GoS eligibility constraints so as to minimize the makespan. Our survey covers off-line, online and semi-online scheduling problems. In the case of online scheduling, we only focus on online scheduling one by one. Hence we give an introduction to the problem and present important results of the problem.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.15-39
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• 2009

Advanced planning and scheduling (APS) refers to a manufacturing management process by which raw materials and production capacity are optimally allocated to meet demand. APS is especially well-suited to environments where simpler planning methods cannot adequately address complex trade-offs between competing priorities. However, most scheduling problems of APS in the real world face both inevitable constraints such as due date, capability, transportation cost, set up cost and available resources. In this survey paper, we address three crucial issues in APS, including basic scheduling model, job-shop scheduling (JSP), assembly line balancing (ALB) model, and integrated scheduling models for manufacturing and logistics. Several evolutionary algorithms which adapt to the problems are surveyed and proposed; some test instances based on the practical problems demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of evolutionary approaches.