• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.16-34
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• 2013

Oleogels may be defined as lipophilic liquid and solid mixtures. The solid lipid materials (oleogelators) with less than 10 wt.% can entrap bulk liquid oil by ways of the formation of network of oleogelators in the bulk oil. The oelogelators can be grouped into two: self-assembly system and crystal particles system. This article reviewed recent work on the formation of oleogels using various types of oleogelators. The fundamental aspects of the formation of lipid network are discussed with a special emphasis on crystal particle based oleogels. The potential applications of oleogels for cosmetics are also described.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1573-1582
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the optimal conditions for 3D structure printing of alternative fats that have the textural properties of lard using beeswax (BW)-based oleogel by a statistical analysis. Products printed with over 15% BW oleogel at 50% and 75% infill level (IL) showed high printing accuracy with the lowest dimensional printing deviation for the designed model. The hardness, cohesion, and adhesion of printed samples were influenced by BW concentration and infill level. For multi-response optimization, fixed target values (hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness) were applied with lard printed at 75% IL. The preparation parameters obtained as a result of multiple reaction prediction were 58.9% IL and 16.0% BW, and printing with this oleogel achieved fixed target values similar to those of lard. In conclusion, our study shows that 3D printing based on the BW oleogel system produces complex internal structures that allow adjustment of the textural properties of the printed samples, and BW oleogels could potentially serve as an excellent replacement for fat.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.430-445
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• 2019

Natural edible waxes mixed with plant oils, containing high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), are known as oleogels. Oleogels are used for replacing saturated FAs in animal-derived food with unsaturated FAs. However, the health effects of edible waxes are not yet clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of FAs and natural waxes on the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated and treated with FAs and waxes. These FAs [Palmitic acid (PA), Stearic acid (SA), Oleic acid (OA), Linoleic acid (LA), and Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)] and waxes [beeswax (BW) and carnauba wax (CW)] were prepared at varying concentrations, and cell toxicity, triglyceride accumulation, lipid droplets size, and distribution inside of cells were determined. Adipogenic gene expression including $PPAR{\gamma}$, FASN, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, SREBP-1, and CPT-1 was determined. Results showed that increasing the concentration of FAs and waxes led to a decrease in the adipocyte cells viability and metabolic performance. SA showed the highest level of triglyceride accumulation (p<0.05), whereas ALA showed the lowest (p<0.05). Both BW and CW at 3.0 ppm showed significantly higher lipid accumulation than in the control and other groups (p<0.05). ALA had significantly downregulated adipogenic gene expression levels, excluding those of CPT-1, compared to the other treatment groups (p<0.05). Moreover, BW demonstrated similar adipogenic gene expression levels as ALA compared to CW. Consequently, ALA and BW may have health benefits by reducing adipogenesis and can be used in processed meat.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.501-506
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• 2023

Oleogel and oleogel emulsions of sunflower oil were prepared using sucrose ester and ceramide as mixed gelators. The crystal structure of the gelator in the oleogels and oleogel emulsion formulations was observed with a polarized optical microscope, and the dispersion form of water was confirmed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Through the DSC thermogram analysis, it was confirmed that the crystal structure of ceramide disappeared when sucrose ester and ceramide were mixed, and the crystallinity of the mixed gelator increased further when water was added to the formulation. Changes in rheological properties such as viscosity and viscoelasticity according to the ratio of sucrose ester, ceramide, and water in the formulation were examined. As the content of ceramide and water increased, the viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus all increased, and the stability of the formulation also tended to increase.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.247-251
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• 2023

Lecithin can self-assemble into reverse spherical micelles in organic solvents due to its amphiphilic properties. With additives such as D-sorbitol and water, the reverse spherical micelles are transformed into reverse cylindrical micelles by the morphology change of lecithin molecules. In this study, the rheological properties of lecithin/D-sorbitol/water mixtures were investigated. In addition, the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique was used to examine the shape and size of the formed nanostructures related to their rheological properties. Such mixtures are expected to be used in drug delivery and oleogels because of their high viscosity and viscoelastic behavior.