• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 1985

To evaluate the health status of the aged in rural area, 476 men and women of 65 years old and older among the residents of Gunwee County in Kyungpook were examined at the county health center between 4th and 22nd of June, 1984. Physical examination included measuring height, weight, chest circumference and blood pressure and chest x-ray. Laboratory tests were done for serum cholesterol, glucose and GOT, and urine glucose and protein. The mean heights of male and female were 160${\pm}$7.0cm and 147.7${\pm}$6.9cm, respectively. The height decreased as the age increased. The mean body weight of male was 53.5${\pm}$7.8kg and 46.7${\pm}$7.5kg for female and the older, the eighter. The mean chest circumference of male was 85.4${\pm}$7.5cm and 79.5${\pm}$79cm for female and it had no remarkable differences by age group. The average height, body weight, chest circumference, and serum cholesterol level of the age 65 years and older in rural area were lower than the standard this may be due to undernutrition of the aged. The mean diastolic and systolic blood pressure of male were 75.9${\pm}$13.5 mmHg/126.3${\pm}$24.1 mmHg and those for female were 73.1${\pm}$13.9 mmHg/125.8${\pm}$32.4 mmHg. Both male an d female in the age group of 65-69 years showed the lowest mean blood pressure. Among the study population 18.3% the borderlin hypertension and 14.3% had hypertension. Average hemoglobin level of the male(12.5${\pm}$0.8 g/dl) was higher than that of the female(11.6${\pm}$0.8 g/dl) (p < 0.01). Mean serum G.O.T. level was 25.2${\pm}$8.7 IU for male and 23.6${\pm}$7.5 IU for female and all of the study population were within the normal range. Mean serum glucose level was 110.4${\pm}$16.0 mg/dl for the male and 110.5${\pm}$15.7 mg /dl for the female and 41.4% of the study population were above the normal limit of serum glucose level. However, there was only one person she had glycosuria. Hyperglycemia could be due to non-fasting before the test. Two of the study population had proteinuria and five persons (1.05%) were diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis by the chest x-ray.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.25-51
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• 2017

This paper employs an Overlapping Generations Model to quantify the impacts of Korea's demographic transition toward an older population on the total output growth rate. The model incorporates the projected population through 2060 according by Statistics Korea. The effects of the low fertility and increased life expectancy rates are studied. The model is considered suitable for analyzing the effects of demographic changes on the Korean economy. Under the assumption that the TFP growth rate will not slow considerably in the future, remaining at 1.3% per annum, the gross output growth rate of the Korean economy is projected to slow to 1.1% per annum in the 2050s, from 4.0% in the 2000s. The shrinking workforce due to the decline in fertility plays a significant role in the deceleration of the Korean economy. The increased life expectancy rate is expected to mitigate the negative effect, but the magnitude of its effect is found to be limited.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.125-126
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• 2015

According to the provisions of the United Nations, the proportion was 65 years of age or older population is 7% more than in the total population aged society. Due to the rapid decrease fertility and medical technologies and the improvement of living standards, the average life expectancy has emerged as an aging society. In the case of our country, and in 2011 the proportion of the population aged 65 and over 11.4%, the future is even faster aging rate is expected to launch in 2026, the super aged society. The days went by relying on caring for personal piety. Nursing crime is often due to the patriarchal family culture and afford. To care for patients with severe human or plant in the home, not to assume that society. Expanding the scope of long-term care insurance service person and the family burden reduced through measures to apply for health insurance, nursing care can prevent crime.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.425-431
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The study objectives were to examine the participation rate in food assistance programs and explore the factors that contribute to such participation among the Korean elderly population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study sample comprised 3,932 respondents aged 65 years or older who were selected from a secondary data set, the fourth Korean Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS). The factors, related to participation in programs were examined based on the predisposing, enabling and need factors of the help-seeking behavior model. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to select the best contributors among the factors related to program participation. RESULTS: The predisposing rate in food assistance programs was 8.5% (7.1% for men and 10.4% for women). When all variables were included in the model, living without spouse, no formal education, low income, having social security benefits and food insecurity in elderly men, and age, low income, having social security benefits and feeling poor in elderly women were significantly related to a higher tendency to program participation. CONCLUSIONS: The predisposing and need factors, such as living without spouse, low education level, food insecurity and feeling poor were important for program participation, as well as enabling factors, such as household income and social security benefits. A comprehensive approach considering these factors to identify the target population for food assistance programs is needed to increase the effectiveness and target population penetration of these programs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.207-221
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• 2016

In Korea, older pedestrian accounted for 57% of all pedestrian deaths although a ratio of older pedestrian accidents to total pedestrian accidents was only 25.9%. Though ageing population problem becomes more challenging for road safety, little is know about the behaviour of older pedestrian's behaviour. This study aimed to identify road crossing behaviour of older pedestrian at three-lane unsignalized crosswalks using video image analysis and to compare the behaviour of older pedestrian to younger one by indicators including approaching speed, the number of walking steps and other factors. The results showed that there was a difference of approaching time at kerb, waiting time at kerb, the number of glances at kerb, and the number of glances at crossing between two groups under the situation of car approaching to crosswalks. It also showed that older pedestrian usually spent 1.16 times more than younger pedestrian to walk across the crosswalk with only 84.4% of walking speed of younger pedestrian. The number of steps of older pedestrian for road crossing was 1.12 times higher with 90% shorter steps than younger pedestrian. It was concluded that older pedestrian usually decided to walk across in case of 1.67 times longer headway than younger pedestrian's decision. These results could be applied in road and facility design for better safety of older pedestrians.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.953-968
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• 2008

This research was performed to recognize anxiety level of older people, to find out anxiety level after or before regular exercises, and to find out how much anxiety level could be lowered by the sports activities. This research selected a population among the students who enrolled at sport activity classes (e, g., physical exercises, gate ball, volume dance) at L, S, J, Y (a), Y (b), D older people college located in Seoul and Gyoenggi area. 200 of the population were chosen as candidates by convenience sampling, nonprobability sampling. Considering the age of the candidates, total 200 cases were collected by using two methods (survey and interview) simultaneously. The data assessment was made by SPSS 12.0 Version. Error tolerance in statistics is .05. The data was analyzed by using frequency analysis, paired t-test and independent t-test. After analyzing anxiety awareness level after and before regular exercises, anxiety of older people are classified by four factors. First, anxiety for loss is 3.756 (M=3.756) before exercises, while 1.942 (M=1.942) after exercises. Second, fear for aging is 3.443 before exercises and 2.243 after exercises. Third, anxiety for physical appearance is 3.253 before exercises and 2.310 after exercises. Finally, anxiety caused by psychological insecurity is 3.060 before exercises, while 1.666 after exercises. Error of tolerance for all factors falls within .001. Anxiety score after exercises is lower than that of before exercises for every factor as well. As a result, regular physical exercises appeared to reduce anxiety level of older people.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6339-6342
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• 2014

Background: The incidence of rectal cancer is increasing in younger age groups. Limited data is available regarding survival outcome in younger patients with conflicting results from western world. The goal of this study was to determine survival in patients with rectal cancer <30 years of age and compare it with their older counterparts in the Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients operated for rectal adenocarcinoma between January 2005 and December 2010 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups, Group 1 aged ${\leq}30years$ and Group 2 aged >30years. Patient characteristics, surgical procedure, histopathological details and number of loco-regional and distant failures were compared. Expected 5 year survival was calculated using Kaplan Meier curves and significance was determined using the Log rank test. Results: There were 38 patients in group 1 and 144 in group 2. A significantly high number of younger patients presented with poorly differentiated histology (44.7% vs 9.7%) (p=0.0001) and advanced pathological stage (63.1% vs 38.1%) (p=0.04). Predicted overall 5 year survival was 38% versus 57% in groups I and II, respectively (p=0.05). Disease free survival was 37% versus 52% and was significantly different (p=0.007). Conclusions: Early onset rectal cancer is associated with poor pathological features and a worse outcome in Pakistani population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1919-1924
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• 2014

Background: In India, breast cancer is the leading malignancy among women in a majority of the cancer registries. Therefore it is important to understand screening practices and its predictors, including in rural areas with high female literacy and good health indices. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with multistage sampling was conducted in Vypin Block, Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. Four Panchayats (self administration units) were randomly chosen and a woman in every second household was invited to participate from the tenth ward of each. Thus a total of 809 women were interviewed. Results: The majority of the repondents (82.1%) were not aware of risk factors and about a third (37.9%) were not aware of symptoms of breast cancer. About half of the population studied (46.6%) had undergone screening. Age (35-50 years), being married, health professionals as source of information and working were significant predictors of screening. Logistic regression showed that older women (35-50 yrs) were more likely to practice screening. Out of the never screened, about a third (35%) were desirous of doing it, but had not for various reasons and 53.5% were not willing to screen. The reasons identified for not screening among those desirous of doing it were grouped into knowledge 66 (43.4%), resources 23 (15.1%) and psychosocial 32(21.1%) factors. Unmarried women were significantly more likely to express factors related to all the three domains. Conclusions: This study showed that in spite of the absence of a population-based screening program, about half of the study population had undergone some type of screening. The older women (35-50 years) in particular were significantly more likely to practice screening. At this critical juncture, a high quality breast cancer awareness and screening initiative can help to consolidate the gains and tackle knowledge, resource and psychosocial barriers.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence, morphology, and calcification pattern of the elongated styloid process in the Mathura population and its relation to gender, age, and mandibular movements. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed digital panoramic radiographs of 2,706 adults. The elongated styloid process was classified with the radiographic appearance based on the morphology and calcification pattern. The limits of mandibular protrusion were evaluated for each subject. The data were analyzed by using a Student's t-test and chi-squared test with significance set at p=0.05. Results: Bilateral elongation having an "elongated" type styloid process with a "partially mineralized" pattern was the most frequent type of styloid process. No correlation was found between styloid process type and calcification pattern on the one hand and gender on the other, although elongated styloid was more prevalent in older and male populations (p<0.05). Further styloid process elongation showed no effect on mandibular protrusive movement (p>0.05). Conclusion: Dentists should recognize the existence of morphological variation in elongated styloid process or Eagle syndrome apparent on panoramic radiographs. We found higher prevalence of elongated styloid process in the population of the Mathura region when compared with other Indian populations. The calcification of the styloid process was more common in the older age group with no correlation to gender, mandibular movement and site. "Type I" with a "partially calcified" styloid process was observed more frequently in the population studied.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.149-161
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• 2009

The purposes of this study are to examine older consumers' seeking benefits and purchase intentions for functional materials and their attitudes towards such materials and investigate the differences between purchasers and non-purchasers of functional materials in their seeking benefits for functional materials and their emphasis on self development and pursuit of fashion. In doing so, this study samples the older adult population living in Seoul, Busan, and Gyeonggi Province and analyzes 267 questionnaire responses obtained from the sampled older consumers. The main findings from the analysis are as follows: First, the older consumers' seeking benefits for functional materials were represented by three different dimensions: reliability, brands/fashion, and others-oriented pursuit. Second, the influence on the dimension of reliability was more significant in the order of knowledge on functional materials, pursuit of fashion, and emphasis on self-development the interest in garments and the pursuit of fashion were found to have significant influence on the dimensions of brands/fashion and others-oriented pursuit. Third, the respondents' attitudes towards functional materials showed significant correlations with the dimensions of reliability and others-oriented pursuit, while their purchase intentions for functional materials were significantly influenced by the dimensions of reliability and brands/fashion. Finally, when the differences in the respondents' seeking benefits for functional materials and their pursuit of fashion and emphasis on self-development were investigated according to whether or not they had ever purchased clothes made from any functional material, the group of purchasers showed a higher mean value than the non-purchaser group.