• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2008

Objectives : This study describes a plan that was designed to prevent a measles outbreak that showed a changed outbreak pattern. This study is based on the epidemiological investigation of a measles outbreak in a preschool in Incheon, Korea, 2006. Methods : The subjects were 152 students at a preschool where a measles outbreak occurred. A questionnaire survey was conducted and serological testing for measles-specific IgM was preformed. Results : Of the fifteen confirmed, identified cases, eleven patients had been vaccinated with one dose, one patient had received two doses and three patients were unvaccinated. The three unvaccinated cases consisted of one 5-year-old child, one 3-year-old child and one 16-month-old infant. For the cases with one dose of the vaccination, there were 11 cases, which consisted of six 5-year-old children, two 4-year-old children, two 3-year-old children and one 2-year-old child. The case with two doses of the vaccination was one 4-year-old child. The attack rate of measles was 100% in the 0-dose group, 11.2% in the 1-dose group and 2.0% in the 2-dose group. The vaccine's efficacy was 88.8% in the 1-dose group and 98.0% in the 2-dose group. The vaccine effectiveness for the 2-dose group was higher than that of the 1-dose group. Conclusions : High coverage with a 2-dose vaccination should be maintained, and the vaccination should be given at the suitable time to prevent a measles outbreak with a changed outbreak pattern.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2001

To compare of serum antibody titers using ELISA and HI, serum samples were collected from 100 breeders and their progeny 550 broilers. The breeders and broilers were vaccinated with infectious bronchitis(IB)- and Newcastle disease(ND)-viruses according to general vaccination program. The antibodies in serum samples against IB and ND viruses were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) using commercial ELISA kit and hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test. Geometric mean titer(GMT) of ELISA and In titers were monitored from 1-day-old to 35-day-old broilers and compared to those of breeder chickens. The antibody titers of breeders vaccinated with ]B virus showed 47,800, ELISA and 7.2, HI, respectively. Progeny chicks, 1-day-old, vaccinated with IBV showed high antibody titers than those of breed chickens. Those chicks were maintained protective antibody levels until 11-day-old. From 14-day-old, the antibody level decreased below protective levels. In ND, breeders serum antibody titers ELISA and Eiu were 30,200 GMT and 8.7 HI titer, respectively. On 1-day-old chicks, antibody levels was decreased to half in ELISA(16,270) compared with those of breeders, but In titers was 7.4. Progeny broilers, protective antibody level was maintained until 14- day-old by ELISA, but at 11-day-old by HI titers. After then, ND antibody titer was continuously decreased underdefense level. These result indicated that the ELISA method be more sensitive than HI titration to detect serum antibody level for IBV and NDV.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.451-456
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the skeletal measurement of the sternum and ribs at 60-, 90-, 120-day-old fetuses and neonates of Korean native goats. The total length and width of the ossified part of the sternebrae and ribs were observed at 60-, 90-, 120-day-old fetuses and neonates. The ossification of the ribs from the 1st to the 8th rib was observed in 60-day-old fetuses, but not observed from the 9th to the last rib. In the 90-day-old fetuses, all ribs were observed having ossified parts. In the 60-day-old fetuses, all sternebrae were not observed having ossified parts. All sternebrae were observed having ossified parts in the 90-day-old fetuses. In the 90-day-old fetuses, the length of the ossified parts of each sternebrae was longer than its width. In the 120-day-old fetuses and neonates, the length of the ossified parts of the 1st, 2nd, and 7th sternebrae was longer than its width, but the width of from the 3rd to 6th sternebrae was longer than the length.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.484-492
• /
• 2000

In an attempt to figure out the relationship between zinc status and taste acuity of old and young women, dietary zinc intake, urinary zinc excretion, and taste acuity were determined for 118 women. Zinc intake was measured by 2-day food records and food frequency method. Urinary zinc excretion was measured from urine samples collected for twenty four hours. Body fat, lean body mass (LBM), and total body water were measured by bio-impedence. Average dietary zinc intake by food record was 4.15$\pm$1.33mg (=35% if Korean RDA) for the old women and 5.41$\pm$2.76mg (=25% of RDA) for young women. When zinc intake was measured by a frequency method, the average intakes of the old and young women were 3.5$\pm$1.7mg 4.5$\pm$1.9mg, respectively. It appears that dietary zinc intake of young women was significantly higher than that of the old women. Average urinary zinc excretion of the subjects was 0.27$\pm$0.16mg in the elderly and 0.24$\pm$0.13mg in young women, which indicated a marginal zinc status. However, zinc status was not significantly different between old and young women. Correlation analysis indicated that zinc intake and urinary zinc excretion were positively related to BMI and LBM in young women. The old women (m=49) showed significantly higher taste detection thresholds than young subjects (n=47) for both sweet and salty tastes. Recognition thresholds for sodium chloride and sucrose were not significantly different between old and young women. The lower the taste thresholds for salty taste, the higher the average dietary zinc intake. However, taste perception concentration was not related to the urinary zinc excretion level.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.48-57
• /
• 1979

In order to obtain a standard reference for designing an adequate power rice transplanter, the cutting forces depending upon variety of seedling, sowing density, seedling age and soil moisture content of mat-type seedling were measured by the rice transplanter installed with force measuring device of dynamic strain gage system in the laboratory. The result of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Cutting velocity and acceleration transplanting hoe obtained from jinematic analysis of planting mechanism was 1.32m/sec and 81.5m/$sec^2$ when planting crank-shaft rpm was 160. 2. Little difference between cutting forces on 30-days old seelings of japonica and Indica type was observed, as the cutting forces determined were 2.0kg per hill for Japonica type and 2.1kg per hill for Indica type. 3. Cutting forces determined on 40-days old seedlings were 2.5kg, 2.3kg, 3.1kg and 2.9kg per hill for Milyang No.15, Tongil, Akibare and Milyang No.23 compared to the other varieties. 4. The cutting force was not greatly affected by the sowing densities , only five percent of differences were observed epending upon the sowing densities. 5. Cutting forces were 2.7kg and 2.0kg per hill on 40-days old seedlings and 30-days old seedlings respectively. About 38 percent of more forces was required in cutting 40-days old seedling than in cutting 30-days old seedlings. 6. More cutting forces were required as soil moisture content of mat-type seedling was decreased. 7. Root length after cutting by the planting hoe and their relationships with soil moisture content on 30-days old seedlings, are as follows ; $y=4.147-11.384x+ 28.854x^2$ where , $y$=root length after cutting. (cm) , $x$=soil ture content of mat type seedlings.(%, d.b.) 8. Cutting forces were varied with the width of cuttings ; those on 40-days old mat type seedlings were 2.7kg and 2.2kg per hill when cutting with 14 mm and 10mm of width respectively, about 32 percent of more forces was required when cuting with 14mm of width compared to 10mm of width.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.360-376
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to make a pants pattern suitable for women 70 to 85 years of age, then analyze that- pattern's shape, size, appearance, fit, allowance and air gap. Participants made the pattern using 3D simulation program DC Suite version 5.1. The results suggest a design method suitable for the lower-body shapes of elderly women. In external appearance, the A-type earned the highest evaluation in all items except the allowance of the back waist and back hip. The L type earned the highest evaluation in the allowance of back waist and hips. The A-type's, back waist appeared set at an angle that did not match the body shape of an old-old aged woman in the center-back-line setting. Therefore, the pattern method of A-type combined with L-type's method of center back, produces an excellent pants pattern. Evaluation of the air gaps among patterns revealed that; the A-type showed the largest air gap in waist and hip circumference and the smallest air gap in thigh circumference. The waists, abdomen, and hip circumferences of older women often become larger while their legs become slimmer. This study accounted for those factors in determining a pattern suitable for the lower-body shape of old-old aged women. However, participants only analyzed four patterns and compared them with women 70 to 85, years of age. Therefore, it is necessary to develop industrial patterns applicable to a wide age group.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.425-434
• /
• 1999

The morphological studies on the cecal development in the 60-, 90-, and 120-day-old fetuses and the newborns of Korean native goats were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follows ; Scanning electron microscopic studies : 1. In the 60-day-old fetuses, fold-like shapes protrusion on the cecal mucosa surface appeared. In the 90-day-old fetuses, the cecal villi appeared to be columnar shapes. In the 120-day-old fetuses, the cecal villi showed various tongue-like or columnar shapes. In the newborns, only the rudimental trace of the villi and the intestinal glands were observed. Transmission electron microscopic studies : 2. In the 60-day-old fetuses, the cecal epithelia were simple columnar in some areas and stratified columnar in others, and the epithelial cells contained nuclei, nucleoli, ER, mitochondria, Golgi complexes, zonula occludens, desmosomes, digitiform intercellular junctions, and large masses of the glycogen granules. 3. In the 90-day-old fetuses, the cecal epithelia were simple columnar in some area and stratified columnar in other. The microvilli of the cecal epithelia became much larger and longer than those in the 60-day-old fetuses, and intercellular junctions were developed, and increased numbers of ER, mitochondria, Golgi complexes were observed and the goblet cells contained a lot of the secretory granules. 4. In the 120-day-old fetuses, the cecal epithelia were only simple columnar in all areas. Microvilli and cytoplasmic organelles were well developed and the irregular annular nuclei were observed. 5. In the newborns, the cecal epithelia were covered with extensive microvilli, and the goblet cells with secretory granules were protruded into the lumen. And some goblet cells secreted the secretory granules into the lumen.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 1998

This study was to evaluate the performance status and associated factors with the health promoting activities. Two hundred three old aged over 65 years old sampled by quota sampling among 660 old aged in a rural area, Dae-Ma Myun, Young-Kwang Gun, Chollanam Do. The questionnaire survey was performed from June 1st to August 31st in 1997. The major findings were as follows ; 1. The performance rate of health promoting activities were higher in female, dwellers at community health practitioner post area, and old aged believes in a religion and high educated old aged. 2. A multiple regression analysis showed that physical health promoting activity was related to psychiatric wellbeing status, the disability of daily living, residental area and family numbers(P<0.05). 3. The disability of daily living and psychiatric wellbeing status were related to mental health promoting activities by a multiple regression analysis(P<0.05). In conclusion, psychiatric wellbeing status, the disability of daily living, the disability of daily living and residental area were associated the performance of health promoting activities for old aged in a rural area.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.1199-1206
• /
• 2015

into aging is the most rapidly increasing among the OECD countries. Consequently, this study aims at analyzing the forms of portfolio establishment by group, the factors affecting the old age preparation, and the presence of middle-aged households' preparation for the old ages in order to forestall social problems like the poverty ration of elderly that have been caused by the rapidly aging society. The result shows that the portfolio for the old age preparation can be expanded if a combination product of finance and real estate is developed as a means of old age preparation. Upon the results of the study above, it can be seen that the old age preparations differ according to not only the demographic elements, but also the extent to how much resources one holds. Especially, the various factors affecting the holding resources vary householder by household depending on whether they prepare for the old ages or not.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.3D
• /
• pp.391-401
• /
• 2011

The Implementation Semi-Public Management System of Intra-City Bus brings improvements of the position stability, work environment and welfare of the bus drivers. As these benefits prevent drivers' job changes, average age of the drivers increases. Some side effects such as fatality increase after the implementation of the new system are becoming social problems. To minimize such problems, it is necessary to prepare the measurements reflected drivers' age increase and driving characteristics of old drivers to decrease traffic accidents of intra-city buses. The existing measurements are mostly simple policy. To get over such limitations, this study grasped driving characteristics by surveys and driving aptitude test targeting old drivers and non-old drivers who brings about traffic accidents actually. As a result, the characteristics of the old drivers were understood precisely. The measures of decrease of the traffic accidents are suggested by the analysis of the behavior characteristics of the old drivers through the structural equation model.