• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.398-408
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• 2009

Crude oil carriers or product oil carriers are confronted with sea pollution due to hull damage from various accidents. To reduce the oil spillage of tankers, IMO(International Maritime Organization) and OPA 90(Oil Pollution Act 1990) adopted the hull structures of double skin type. In this study, oil spillage test of the double skin tanker with 1/100 scaled model was carried out under damaged condition due to collision and grounding accidents. A new structural type of oil tanker was also tested with pipe and valve system arranged in double side and single bottom hulls. Their results were compared with that of conventional type double hull on the view point of ship safety and oil spillage.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2006

This study examined effects of crude oil on the phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in mussel Mytilus edulis and rockfish Sebastes schlegeli, a representative bivalve and a culture fish, respectively. This work also intended indirectly to evaluate the post impact recovery from the massive oil tanker spillage accidents occurred during the summer of 1995 in the sea area off Yosu City, Chonnam. For these, enzyme activities of UDPGT and GST were examined in the fish and mussel following laboratory exposure to fresh crude oil, weathered oil, field-obtained oil residues, or in the field biota samples. Decreased GST activity was observed in rock fish following exposure to oil-soluble fraction (OSF) of fresh oil. A similar diminished GST activity was also observed after OSF of artificially weathered oil. OSF of field oil residues retrieved from the spillage area approximately 1 year later also exerted a slight inhibition of GST to rockfish. There was neither a change in UDPGT in rockfish, nor were there changes in mussel in both enzymes to any oil fractions. We could not observe any difference in the two enzymes either in rockfish or mussel sampled from the field during $1.5{\sim}2.0$ years post spillage, indicating that their enzyme systems might had been recovered by the sampling time. In conclusion, it seems that the inhibition of GST activity in rockfish is a biomarker response to crude oil exposure. The results, however, must be interpreted with care, as the inhibition nay reflect various factors such as oil concentration, duration and water temperature.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.407-417
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• 2002

유조선의 대형화에 따른 해양유탁사고의 대형화에 대비하기 위해 일본의 석유관련 기업들은 1973년부터 다각적인 상호지원체제를 갖추기 시작했다. 1990년부터는 석유연맹이 정부의 보조를 받아 하부기구로 유탁대책부를 설치하고 방제기자재 관리 운영과 효과적인 방제를 위한 연구조사활동을 실시해 오고 있다. 일본 해상보안청은 1995년에 OPRC협약의 규정에 맞추어 국가긴급계획을 도입하고 관련 행정기관 사이에 연락체제를 구축했으며 경비구난부의 해상방재과를 주무부서로 하여 방제기자재 정비업무와 민간관련기관의 연락 및 조정업무를 담당해 오고 있다. 일본 정부는 1997년 Nakhodka호 난파사고 이후 더욱 방제체제를 강화해 오고 있다.

• 한국방재학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2009

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.467-475
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• 2013

해양 기름오염 방제조치에 관한 연구의 일환으로 정량적 기초자료를 확보하기 위하여 최근 10년간(2003~2012년) 국내 연안에서 발생한 기름오염사고에 관한 통계자료를 수집하여 연간 기름오염사고 건수와 연간 기름 유출량을 사고 원인(Cause)별, 오염원(Source)별, 해역(Sea area)별로 분석하였다. (1) 사고 원인별로 분석한 결과, (1) 부주의로 인한 사고 건수(1,429건)와 해양사고로 인한 사고 건수(790건)가 각각 전체 건수(2,833건)의 50.4 %와 27.9 %를 차지하였다. 그리고 해가 거듭될수록 해양사고로 인한 사고 건수는 감소하는 경향을 보인 반면에 부주의로 인한 사고 건수는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. (2) 해양사고로 인한 유출량(17,400 kL)이 전체 기름 유출량(17,877 kL)의 97.3 %를 차지하였고 부주의로 인한 기름유출량(294 kL)이 1.7 %를 점유하였다. (2) 오염원별로 분석한 결과, (1) 어선에 의한 사고건수(1,210건)가 전체 건수(2,833건)의 42.7 %, 기타 선박에 의한 사고 건수(620건)가 21.9 %, 화물선에 의한 사고 건수(367건)가 13.0 %, 유조선에 의한 사고 건수(261건)가 9.2 %를 차지하였다. 해가 거듭될수록 어선에 의한 사고 건수는 감소하는 경향을 보였지만 여전히 높은 수치를 보인 반면에 화물선과 기타 선박에 의한 사고 건수는 완만하게 증가하는 경향을 보였고 유조선에 의한 사고 건수는 연간 13~37건으로 해마다 크게 변동하였다. (2) 유조선의 기름 유출량(15,488 kL)이 전체 기름 유출량(17,877 kL)의 86.7 %를, 기타 선박의 기름 유출량(898 kL)이 5.0 %를, 화물선의 기름 유출량(733 kL)이 4.1 %를, 어선의 기름 유출량(590 kL)이 3.3 %를 차지하였다. (3) 해역별로 분석한 결과, (1) 남해에서의 사고 건수(1,613건)와 기름 유출량(3,804 kL)은 전체 사고 건수의 56.9 %와 전체 기름 유출량의 21.3 %를, 서해에서의 사고 건수(700건)와 기름 유출량(13,501 kL)은 전체 사고 건수의 24.7 %와 전체 기름 유출량의 75.5 %를, 동해에서의 사고 건수(520건)와 기름 유출량(572 kL)은 전체 사고 건수의 18.2 %와 전체 기름 유출량의 3.2 %를 차지함으로써 사고 건수에서는 남해가 최고였고 기름 유출량에서는 2006년까지는 남해가 최고(1위)였으나 2007년 유조선 Hebei Spirit호 기름유출사고 이후에는 서해가 최고(1위)였으며, 동해에서의 사고 건수와 기름 유출량이 모두 남해나 서해보다 적은 값으로 나타났다. (2) 해가 거듭될수록 동해와 남해에서의 사고 건수와 기름 유출량이 모두 감소하는 경향을 보인 반면에 서해에서는 사고 건수가 연도별 증감의 변동 폭이 적어 거의 일정한 경향을 보였으며 기름 유출량은 연도별로 증감의 변동 폭이 컸다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2008

This study aims to propose the concept design of oil spill protection robot which can rapidly intervene to control the oil spillage situation at the sea. Taking into account the fact that a huge amount of oil is transported trans-continentally by oil tanker, none of industrialized countries are completely safe from the marine oil spill which results in social, economical and ecological damages to their communities. The employment of double hull-oil tanker, pipe line transporting can be most safe way. Yet complete prevention of oil spill is probably not realistic. Accordingly the alternative solution to control marine oil spill and minimize the damages caused by the incident using intelligent robot technology based on swarm control method is proposed. The main features of oil spill protection(OSP) robot is explained via following three perspectives. Firstly, from functional point of view, OSP robot system safely and efficiently replaces oil boom installation manually conducted by human workers with intelligent robot technology based on swarm control theory. For second, its modular architecture brings efficient storage of main components including oil boom and facilitates maintenance. For the last, its geometric form and shape enables whole system to be installed to helicopter, boat or oil tanker itself with ease and to rapidly deploy the units to the oil spill area.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.141-152
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• 1994

Our experiment investigated the degree of soil contaimination caused by oil leakage. Each soil sample was taken by boring 5, 8m below the test areas, located 5 to 30m from storage tanks at oil stations. According to the results from a series of laboratory tests(both soxhiet extract test and gas chromatograph test), Traces of a light oil were found in all samples except in Dj8, rocky soil and gasoline and petroleum were not detected. We concluded that soil contamination was caused by the corrosion of storage tanks or alternatively by oil overflow caused during the flooding of underground water seeping into the tank during heavy rain fall or the spillage caused by carelessness during lubrication. Old stations without a concrete box enclosing their metal tanks run a greater risk of oil leakage. To research the effect of oil leakage on plant growth and underground water, We examined the results of research conducted overseas. According to these results, when oil leakage occurs, plant growth is repressed and agricultural crops experience low productivity levels. Also, the contamination of underground water can be serious when oil spreads to the aquifer layer. As a result of these problems, to prevent oil leakage and minimize its contaminating effects at oil stations, it is necessary to improve facilities of storage tanks and have the monitoring system of oil leakage.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2020

Oil spill accidents at sea result in a wide range of damages, including the destruction of ocean environments and ecosystems, as well as human illnesses by the generation of harmful gases caused by phase changes in crude oil. When an oil spill occurs, an immediate initial action should be performed to minimize the potential damage. Existing studies have attempted to identify crude oil spillage by calculating the crude oil spill range using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite images. However, SAR cannot capture rapidly evolving events because of its low acquisition frequency. Herein, an algorithm for estimating an oil spill area from an image obtained using a digital camera is proposed. Noise that may occur in the image when it is captured is first eliminated by preprocessing, and then the image is analyzed. After analyzing the characteristics of the digital image, a strategy to binarize an image using the color, saturation, or lightness contained in it is adopted. It is found that the oil spill area can be readily estimated from a digital image, allowing for a faster analysis than any conventional method. The usefulness of the oil spill area measurement was confirmed by applying the developed algorithm to various oil spill images.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2014

Mineral oil has been widely used as dielectric insulating fluid in transformers due to its excellent performance in-service. However, there are few issues with mineral oil such as it has poor biodegradability and could contaminate the environment if a spillage occurs. With the increasing tight regulation on safety and environment, alternative fluids for mineral oil are currently being investigated and among the suitable candidate is the vegetable oil. There are different types of vegetable oils and one of them is the palm based oil. At the moment, extensive research works are carried out to examine its feasibility to be applied in transformers. This paper will review the previous research works that were carried out to examine the suitability of palm based oil as dielectric insulating fluid in transformers. The physical and chemical properties of palm based oil are studied based on viscosity, acidity, oxidation stability and flash point. Next, the electrical characteristics of palm based oil are examined based on AC breakdown voltage, relative permittivity, dissipation factor and partial discharge.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2015

Using dispersants is known to be an effective solution to accelerate the natural dispersion and being an appropriate oil spill response strategy. By breaking up large oil chunks into small droplets, dispersants are generally intended to help reducing further oil exposures and slicks. Collecting property data of circulating crude oil in South Korea and understanding the interaction between crude oils and dispersions need to be preceded for the effective dispersant use. This paper provides an property analysis of three selected oils which have the same composition of spilt oils from the Herbei Spirit Incident and conducts an emulsification and toxicity experiment with selected domestic and foreign dispersants. Results will present a direction of future domestic dispersants' development which aimed at eco-friendly and safety.