• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.519-524
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• 1996

An investigation was carried out to study the microbial colonization and degradation of five crop residues, viz., sago waste, rice straw, oil palm trunk shavings, untreated palm press fibre and palm press fibre teated with 3% ammonium hydroxide in the rumen of goats. Colonisation by rumen bacteria and fungi was already established on all the five crop residues 8 h after incubation. However, the extent of colonization varied among the crop residues. Microbial colonization was poor on palm press fibre (treated and untreated) but more extensive on sago waste, oil palm trunk shavings and rice straw. By 24 h, most of the soft-walled tissues in sago waste, rice straw and oil palm trunk shavings were degraded leaving the thick-walled tissues extensively colonized by bacteria and fungi. Degradation on palm press fibre was still limited. At 48 h, the thick-walled tissues of sago waste, oil palm trunk shavings and rice straw showed various degrees of degradation - from small erosion zones to large digested areas. Bacterial growth was similar to that at 24 h but fungal growth was less. On palm press fibre, microbial colonization was more extensive than at 24 h but degradation of the fibres was still limited. Degradation of all the five crop residues at 72 h was somewhat similar to that at 48 h. Overall, microbial colonization and degradation were the most extensive on sago waste, followed by rice straw and oil palm trunk shavings, and the least on palm press fibre (treated and untreated). Dry matter loss of the five crop residues at the various incubation periods also showed the same order of degradation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.483-491
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• 2014

Double cropping system including paddy field soybean is widely adopted nationwide, due to rise in market price and its higher income than paddy field rice. Sowing date of soybean as a second crop is being delayed depending on first crop's growth period and harvesting time. Due to the increased temperature in October and delayed first frost date, soybean could be harvested without frost damage even in late-plating. Therefore, selection of soybean cultivar which is appropriate for this environment is very important. The effect of sowing date and genotype of soybean on growth and yield was investigated for three planting dates (June 20, July 5, and July 20) with ten cultivars developed for soy-pate production, to figure out plant development and yield pattern in delayed planting. As planting date is delayed, plant height and pod number was decreased and this pattern was more clearly detected in mid-late maturity cultivars. Hundred-seed weight did not show significant changes even in late planting, due to compensations between yield components. Yield reduction of July 20 in contrast to that of June 20 showed that Nampung (9.6%) showed the least yield decline. Maximum yield was achieved from Daepung, Taekwang, and Uram among other soybean cultivars in late planting. Shortening of growth period was strongly detected in reproductive stage while length of vegetative stage was regularly maintained in both early and mid-late maturity cultivars.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.372-375
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and their nutritional value were observed. Generally, rape was considered as a useful forage fodder crop with high content of crude protein and low contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Differences in mean values of the above characters between two groups of rape were not statistically significant. Velox showed significantly higher content of crude protein and significantly lower contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin compared with other varieties of forage rape. Rape was relatively high in IVDMD compared with other forage fodder crops, and forage rape was more or less higher in IVDMD and DDMM than oil seed rape. Velox was the highest in IVDMD and DDMM among the varieties of forage rape in this experiment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2013

This study was carried out to know the substitute effect of Yacto (leaf mold compost) on popped rice hulls compost (PRHC) in Yang-jik nursery bed of Panax ginseng. PRHC was mixed with Yacto as 50:50 ratio, and 1 ~ 2% of the mixed oil cake, rice bran and urea were also added to promote decaying the mixed compost. The mixed compost made by PRHC and Yacto was showed that positive effect on the growth of ginseng seedling when it was mixed with 1% of oil cake and rice bran, and 2% of mixed oil cake. But addition to the 2% of urea in the mixture of PRHC and Yacto was not positive effect on the growth of ginseng seedling. Root yield of the mixed compost was similar to that of conventional compost by made 100% of Yacto. Therefore, the mixed compost can substitute for Yacto when PRHC and Yacto were mixed by 50:50 ratio and added 1% of oil cake and rice bran.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.560-567
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• 2016

Acid-activated clays (SUPER-DC, DC-A3, and P1) are used for the bleaching of cold-pressed rapeseed oil. In this study we tested the bleaching performance of cold-pressed rapeseed oil according to the different reaction time (20, 40, 60, 80 min) and temperature (40, 80, $120^{\circ}C$). Oil color (lightness, redness, yellowness), pigments (chlorophyll A and carotenoid content) and quality properties (fatty acid composition, tocopherols (${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$, ${\delta}$), and plant sterols (${\beta}$-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol) content) were analyzed. The results showed that bleaching of cold-pressed rapeseed oil with 2% acid-activated clays at $40^{\circ}C$ for 20 min, brightness (L) increased, but redness (a) and yellowness (b) decreased. Bleaching of cold-pressed rapeseed oil with 2% DC-SUPER at $40^{\circ}C$ removed chlorophyll A and carotenoids pigments significantly. In addition, about 50% of total tocopherol content in cold-pressed rapeseed oil was reduced by bleaching. Originally total tocopherol content was 46.62mg/100g in cold-pressed rapeseed oil. But after bleaching, total tocopherol content was 12.67mg/100g (20 min bleaching), 15.31mg/100g (40 min bleaching), and 13.56mg/100g (60 min bleaching). However plant sterols content in cold-pressed rapeseed oil remained unchanged by bleaching. Overall, acid-activated clays were useful for the bleaching of pigmented rapeseed oil.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2012

The objectives of this study were to investigate the antioxidant activity of Schizandra chinensis seed oil and its active ingredients. Schizandra chinensis seed oil content extracted with hexane was 36.06%. Schizandra chinensis seed oil extracted with hexane was purified during 20 min at $85^{\circ}C$ with phosphoric acid 0.15% for degumming and 20 min at $80^{\circ}C$ with 3 M NaOH 1% for deaciding. The purified oil consisted of unsaturated fatty acid (88.7%), fatty acid (9.97%), and so on. The major unsaturated fatty acids of purified oil were linoleic acid (71.1%) followed by oleic acid (15.7%), while the main saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid (6.56%). The purified oil was found that contents of phenolic compounds, vitamin A, and E were 1.45 g/100 g, 1494.86 RE/100 g, and 0.58 mg ${\alpha}$-TE/100 g, respectively. Schizandra chinensis seed oil exhibited strong antioxidant activity (91.7%) as compared to grape seed oil and canola seed oil with 87.4% and 85.1% in the DPPH assays. Present results suggest that Schizandra chinensis seed oil could be potentially used as bioactive source for health and preventing numerous diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 2013

The insecticidal activity of 124 plant essential oils and control efficacy of six experimental spray formulations (SF) containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10% of the selected oils was examined against both nymph and adult of the citrus flatid planthopper, Metcalfa pruinosa using direct contact applications (leaf dipping and spray). Reponses varied according to dose (1,000 and 500 mg/L). When exposed at 1,000 mg/L for 24 h using leaf dipping assay, 19 essential oils showed strong mortality (100%) among 124 essential oils screened. At 500 mg/L, 100% mortality was observed in cinnamon technical, cinnamon green leaf, cinnamon #500, cassia tree, citronella java and pennyroyal followed by origanum, thyme white, grapefruit, savory, fennel sweet, aniseed and cinnamon bark showed considerable mortality (93.3-80%) against nymphs of M. pruinosa. The moderate mortality (73.3-60%) was found in thyme red, tagetes, calamus, lemoneucalptus and geranium. Oils applied as SF-10% sprays provided 100 % mortality against adult M. pruinosa. One hundred mortalities were achieved in cinnamon technical at >SF-0.5 formulation, in cinnamon #500, cinnamon green leaf and penny royal at >SF-2.5. To reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic insecticides in the agricultural environment, the active essential oils as potential larvicides could be provided as an alternative to control M. pruinosa populations.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.25-46
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• 2010

The demand for fuel and energy resources continues to grow due to increased consumption and emerging economies in all parts of the world. With this increase in demand, crude oil prices in the international market has jumped dramatically. Global warming, which is a consequence of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, has become scientific, social, and political concerns. To cope with global warming and energy crisis, cost-competitive biofuels are urgently needed. In addition, development of an infrastructure, which supplies energy stably and diversifies energy resources, as well as new cost-saving technologies should be developed to reduce the costs of producing biofuels. Due to high oleic acid content, rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is currently the potential feedstock for biodiesel production in temperate zone region and the production and use of rapeseed oil is already commercialized in Europe. In Korea double-cropping (rice and rapeseed) became more prevalent because it reduces competitions from land constraints. Production of rapeseed as a biodiesel feedstock may reduce the influence of rising oil prices and nation's dependence on imported petroleum and increase job opportunities and farm incomes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.140-141
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• 1994

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.616-617
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• 2006