• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 2023

Surimi has been traditionally used as the main ingredient in gelling foods, such as imitation crab sticks. However, it can also be used to manufacture snacks without gelling properties. To assess the properties of surimi as a snack ingredient, we prepared fried fish snacks with different surimi grades of Alaska pollack (AP) and threadfin bream (TB) and evaluated their quality characteristics. AP had significantly higher protein and gel strength values than TB did. Regarding color, TB showed significantly lower lightness (L) values and higher redness (a) and yellowness (b) values than AP did, consistent with the appearance of a brown color. TB had significantly lower hardness values, higher thickness expansion, and higher oil content than AP did. Hardness was found to be positively correlated with gel strength and negatively correlated with oil content. In the micro-structure images, more blistering was formed in TB, indicating higher expansion and crispiness. In the sensory evaluation, TB showed higher overall sensory acceptance than AP did, which is the result of its high color content, crispiness, taste, and aroma. Principal component analysis of the electronic nose and tongue revealed that the samples were clearly separated. In particular, TB had more aromatic components than AP in the electronic tongue. Our findings indicate that gel strength, which determines the quality properties of surimi, does not need to be considered in snack manufacturing. In fact, surimi with low gel strength is a more suitable ingredient for snack manufacturing.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 1983

In Korea, Brassica species planted in summer remain in rosette and do not flower. Seed production of vernalized rape seedlings grown in summer was evaluated to establish method of generation shortening and genetically pure seed production without isolation of seed fields. When vernalized rape seedlings of different maturity groups were transplanted in summer, all plants bolted and flowered, and average days from sowing to bolting and flowering was 37 and 58. respectively. It took 85days for early maturity group, 88 days for medium maturity group, and 108 days for late maturity group to mature. Seed yield of vernalized plants grown in summer was 8.8 gr per plant and 53kg per l0a which was 23% of seed yield of rape planted in autumn. However, enough seeds were produced to test oil composition and cake and to plant for a next generation. If seedlings are raised, they can be transplanted in more than 1, 000 times of original seed field, indicating that genetically pure seed can be produced without caging seed fields with nets and isolation of seed fields since other Brassica species do not flower in summer.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.302-311
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• 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of castor oil (CSO) as a natural wood preservative. CSO was treated into wood blocks prepared with domestic and imported wood species using a vacuum-pressure method, and then treatability, leachability and decay resistance of the CSO-treated wood blocks were examined. Although CSO was penetrated effectively into wood blocks of all wood species, the CSO-treatability was the highest in Western hemlock, followed by Japanese larch (LA), soft maple and Mongolian oak due to the difference of its anatomical structure. Except for LA, the more retained, the more leached during a saline water-immersing process for 48h. The use of ethanol added to reduce the viscosity of CSO affected negatively the treatability and leachability of wood blocks. Decay resistance, which was evaluated by the weight loss of wood blocks exposed against Fomitopsis palustris (FOP) and Trametes versicolor, of the CSO-treated/leached wood blocks was superior to that of control. Especially, most of wood blocks treated with preserving solution composed of only CSO (CSO-2) did not decayed and showed a very low weight loss against FOP. The decay resistance results from CSO retained in wood blocks after leaching. The retention of CSO could identify using the observation of X-ray microscope. Length of wood strips, which were treated with CSO-2 and then immersed in saline water for 2 weeks, hardly changed in all cutting directions. In addition, weight gain and length-swelling rate of the wood strips were extremely low compared to those of control. These results indicate that moisture resistance of the wood strips was improved by the CSO treatment. It is concluded that the treatment of CSO using a vacuum-pressure method provides the decay resistance and dimensional stability of wood, and thus CSO can be used as a natural wood preservative on various indoor and outdoor circumstances.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 1983

A study of infestation patterns for larval trematodes from fresh-water fish and brackish-water fish was carried out during the period from June to October in 1982. They were collected by netting, asking with rod and lino, and using the a bait of crushed oil cake in a transparent plastic bowls at the three localities, Daebon-dong, Kugil-dong, and Hoam-dong in the river Taechong, Kyungpook Province, Korea. Five species of fresh-water fish, the crussian carp, Carassius carassius Linnaeus, the bullhead, Coreobagrus brfvicorpus Mori, the fat minnow, Morose oxycephalus (Bleeker) , the flat bitterling, Paracheilognathus rhombea (Temminck et Schlegel) , and the catfish, Parasilurus asotus (Linnaeus), and two kinds of brackish-water fish, the grey mullet, Mugil cephalus(Linnaeus) and the sweet-fish, Plecoglossus aztivelis (Temminck et Schlegel) were examined. Four species of the metacercariae, Exorchis eviformis, Metacercaria hasegawai, Metorchis orientalis and undetermined larvae were found. Of these, the encysted larvae of the human intestinal fluke, Metagonimus yokegawai, were found from three kinds of fresh-water fish, the crussian carp, the bullhead and the fat minnow and one species of brackish-water fish, the sweets;sh and the infestation rates for the larvae varied appreciably from fish to fish. The intensity of infestation with the Metagonimus larvae in the three species of fresh-water fish was low, and the average number of the larvae per gram of flesh varied from 0.5 to 0.2. By comparison, the brackish-water fish wqs more heavily infested and the mean number of cysts per gram of flesh in Plecoglossus altivelis was 109.2. It was foung that infection with Metagonimus yokogawai os caused by consuming raw fresh-sater fish and brackish-water fish caught in the river Taechong, Kyungpook Province, Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.52-62
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• 1974

The fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergi (De Maan) is a very common species in Info-pacific region inhabiting both fresh and brackish waters in low land areas, and especially abundant in the lower reaches of most rivers which are influenced by seawater, It is one of the largest and commercial species of genus Macrobrachium. As a place of the researches to clear the possibilities of transplantation and propagation of this species in the Far East region the larval development, growth, optimum temperature and metamorphose rate up to first post larvae in aquaruim are cleared under the conditions of salinity $6.58-7.05\%_{\circ}$ Cl, pH 8.0-8.2, the rate of flow 0.3 liter per minute and illumination 3000 lux. Temperature ranged from 27.5 to $28.7^{\circ}C$ during the period of earlier larval development. For the study oil the relationship between temperature and metamorphose rate from zoea to first post larvae, the temperatures in experimental tank were $22.2^{\circ}C\pm1$, $26.1^{\circ}C\pm0.85$, $28.1^{\circ}C\pm0.34$, $30.4^{\circ}C\pm0.66$, $33.7^{\circ}C\pm0.66$, $33.7^{\circ}C\pm0.38$ and $36.8^{\circ}C\pm0.26$. During the work, food used for the larvae was Artemia salina nauplius in the filter-circulation aquariums. This species metamorphosed to the first post-larvae through eleven zoea stages, and the characters of each larval stage are described and optimum temperature for metamorphosis rate and survivals to the first post larvae is $28.1^{\circ}C\pm0.34$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.307-316
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• 1987

This study was conducted to identify Babesia sp. strain isolated from the imported beef cattle, Aberdeen-angus heifers, in J farm of Jangsu Prefecture, Cheon-buk Province of Korea, morphologically, etiologically and serologically. Babesia sp. strain was purely isolated through the serial blood passages of three generations against splenectomized calves and one generation of blood passage against non-splenectomized calf(intact calf) by inhibiting the appearance of Theileria sergenti in the blood stream by means of injection of 20% oil pamaquine intramuscularly. In the splenectomized calves, the parasite multiplied markedly in blood stream soon after inoculation and parasitaemia was much severe. An elevated body temperature, anorexia, severe anaemia and icterus were observed clinically. Of three splenectomized calves, two were affected with haemoglobinuria and died. But in the non-splenectomized calf the clinical signs and parasitaemia were very mild. The means of the incubation period, the highest parasitaemia, the highest body temperature and the lowest PCV were 3.5 days, 41.1%, ${42^{\circ}C}$ and 9%, respectively, in the splenectomized calves. In calf erythrocytes Babesia sp. protozoa were polymorphic showing the round, oval, ameboid, piriform and paired piriform etc. The sizes of protozoa were $2.51{\sim}3.91{\times}1.32{\sim}2.19{{\mu}m}$ ($3.20{\times}1.60{\mu}m$). Serologically the isolated Babesia sp. were compared with other parasites, B. ovata, B. bigemina, B. bovis, T. sergenti, A. marginale and A. centrale by using the complement fixation(CF) test. As a result, the antibody titer between the homologous species were high. It was two tubes or more in the CF test. From the results obtained above the pure isolated Babesia species was identical with Babesia ovata Minami and Ishihara, 1980.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.268-276
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• 2005

Vacuum Residue (VR) combustion tests were carried out with a 20 kg/hr (fuel feed rate) small scale reactor. The nozzle used was a steam atomized, internal mixing type. Compared to heavy oil, vacuum residue used in this work is extremely high viscous and contains high percentages of sulfur, carbon residue and heavy metals. To ignite atomized VR particles, it was necessary to preheat the reactor, and it has been done with LP gas. The axial and radial gas temperature, major species concentrations and solid sample were analyzed when varying the fuel feed rate. The main reaction zone of atomized VR-air flame in a reactor was anticipated within about 1 m from the burner tip by considering the profiles oi gas temperature, species concentration and particle size measured along with the reactor. At downstream, the thermally, fully developed temperature distribution was obtained. SEM photographs revealed that VR carbon particles collected from the reactor are porous and have many blow-holes on the particle surface.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2012

This review summarises the biology, discovery and applications of single nucleotide polymorphisms in complex polyploid crop genomes, with a focus on the important oilseed crop $Brassica$ $napus$. $Brassica$ $napus$ is an allotetraploid species, and along with soybean and oil palm is one of the top three most important oilseed crops globally. Current efforts are well underway to $de$ $novo$ assemble the $B.$ $napus$ genome, following the release of the related $B.$ $rapa$ 'A' genome last year. The next generation of genome sequencing, SNP discovery and analysis pipelines, and the associated challenges for this work in $B.$ $napus$, will be addressed. The biological applications of SNP technology for both evolutionary and molecular geneticists as well as plant breeders and industry are far-reaching, and will be invaluable to our understanding and advancement of the $Brassica$ crop species.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.701-717
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to extensively estimate the air quality trends of the study area by surveying con-centration trends in months or seasons, after analyzing the mass concentration of PM-10 samples and the inorganic lements, ion, and total carbon in PM-10. Also, the study introduced to apply the PMF (Positive Matrix Factoriza-tion) model that is useful when absence of the source profile. Thus the model was thought to be suitable in Korea that often has few information about pollution sources. After obtaining results from the PMF modeling, the existing sources at the study area were qualitatively identified The PM-10 particles collected on quartz fiber filters by a PM-10 high-vol air sampler for 3 years (Mar. 1999∼Dec.2001) in Kyung Hee University. The 25 chemical species (Al, Mn, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, Ce, Pb, Si, N $a^{#}$, N $H_4$$^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, C $l^{[-10]}$ , N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ , S $O_4$$^{2-}$, TC) were analyzed by ICP-AES, IC, and EA after executing proper pre - treatments of each sample filter. The PMF model was intensively applied to estimate the quantitative contribution of air pollution sources based on the chemical information (128 samples and 25 chemical species). Through a case study of the PMF modeling for the PM-10 aerosols. the total of 11 factors were determined. The multiple linear regression analysis between the observed PM-10 mass concentration and the estimated G matrix had been performed following the FPEAK test. Finally the regression analysis provided source profiles (scaled F matrix). So, 11 sources were qualitatively identified, such as secondary aerosol related source, soil related source, waste incineration source, field burning source, fossil fuel combustion source, industry related source, motor vehicle source, oil/coal combustion source, non-ferrous metal source, and aged sea- salt source, respectively.ively.y.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 2001

The receptor modeling is one of the statistical methods to achieve reasonable air pollution strategies. The pur-pose of this study was to survey the concentration variability oi inorganic elements and ionic species in the PM-10 particles, to qualitatively characterize emission sources by an advanced algorithm called positive matrix factoriza-tion(PMF) as a receptor model that can strictly provide results in every loading matrix. A total of 254 samples was collected by a PM-10 high volume air sampler from Mar. 1997 to Feb. 1998 in Kyung Hee University at Suwon Campus. Fourteen chemical species(Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Al, Mn, $Na^{+}$, NH$_4$+, $K^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_{3}^{-}$, and $Cl^{-}$) were determined by AAS and IC methods. The study results showed that the average monthly concentration of PM-10 particles were 86.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{m}^3$ in March (maximum) and 28.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{m}^3$ in August(minimum), respectively. The concentrations of Na+, NH$_4$+, $K^{+}$ and $Cl^{-}$ in winter, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $NO_{3}^{-}$, in spring, and $SO_4^{2-}$ in summer showed the largest peak concentration for the respective season. Through and app-lication of a PMF program of Pm-10 concentration data of Suwon, 9 sources were qualitatively identified , such as incineration source, oil burning source, soil related source, open burning source automobile source, coal burning sources, secondary sulfate related source, and secondary nitrate related source.