• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2008

We have evaluated the combined antifungal effects of the essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus or its main component 1,8-cineole with ketoconazole. Checkerboard microtiter tests were used to analyze their effects against three Candida and six Trichophyton species. The susceptibility of the Trichophyton species to E. globulus essential oil differed distinctly. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) against the tested Candida species ranged between 0.09 and 0.38 for ketoconazole combined with E. globulus essential oil or 1,8-cineole, indicating significant synergism between ketoconazole and the oil samples. Similar experiments using Trichophyton species resulted in FICIs between 0.28 and 0.63, indicating relatively weaker combined effects than those observed with Candida species. Thus, the data reported here show that the anti-Candida effects of ketoconazole can be significantly improved in the presence of E. globulus essential oil or 1, 8-cineole.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2004

The antifungal activities of the essential oil from Agastache rugosa and its main component, estragole, combined with ketoconazole, one of the azole antibiotics commonly used to treat infections caused by Trichophyton species, were evaluated in this study. The combined effects were measured by the checkerboard microtiter and the disk diffusion tests, against T. erinacei, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. schoenleinii and T. soudanense. Susceptibility of the five Trichophyton species to the oil alone, or ketoconazole alone, differed distinctly. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of ketoconazole combined with estragole or A. rugosa essential oil, against the tested Trichophyton species, were between 0.05 and 0.27, indicating synergistic effects. These drug combinations exhibited the most significant synergism against T. mentagrophytes, with FICIs of 0.05 and 0.09 for estragole and the essential oil fraction from A. rugosa, respectively. Isobolograms based on the data from checkerboard titer tests also indicated significant synergism between ketoconazole and the Agastache oil fraction or estragole, against the Trichophyton species evaluated. Trichophyton susceptibility to ketoconazole was significantly improved by combination with the Agastache rugosa oil fraction or its main component, estragole.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1339-1347
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• 2010

In this study, the identity and distribution of plants and the structure of their associated rhizobacterial communities were examined in an oil-contaminated site. The number of plant species that formed a community or were scattered was 24. The species living in soil highly contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) (9,000-4,5000 mg/g-soil) were Cynodon dactylon, Persicaria lapathifolia, and Calystegia soldanella (a halophytic species). Among the 24 plant species, the following have been known to be effective for oil removal: C. dactylon, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Cyperus orthostachyus. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile analysis showed that the following pairs of plant species had highly similar (above 70%) rhizobacterial community structures: Artemisia princeps and Hemistepta lyrata; C. dactylon and P. lapathifolia; Carex kobomugi and Cardamine flexuosa; and Equisetum arvense and D. sanguinalis. The major groups of rhizobacteria were Beta-proteobacteria, Gamma-proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and unknown. Based on DGGE analysis, P. lapathifolia, found for the first time in this study growing in the presence of high TPH, may be a good species for phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soils and in particular, C. soldanella may be useful for soils with high TPH and salt concentrations. Overall, this study suggests that the plant roots, regardless of plant species, may have a similar influence on the bacterial community structure in oil-contaminated soil.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.337-342
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• 1987

Triglyceride 조성(組成)과 췌장리파제에 의한 PN별(別) 획분(劃分)의 ${\beta}$위치(位置)의 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)의 결과로부터, 산정가능(算定可能)한 홍화유의 triglyceride 분자종은 23종류였다. 10% 이상을 차지하는 triglyceride분자종은 $C_{18:1}\;C_{18:2}\;C_{18:2}\;OLL;\;13.5%,\;C_{16:0}\;C_{18:2}\;C_{18:2}\;PLL;\;15.0%,\;C_{18:2}\;C_{18:2}\;C_{18:2}\;LLL;\;50.6%$로서 전체의 79.1%이었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권spc1호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2006

We monitored the current macrozoobenthic community structure after the Sea Prince oil spill around Keumo-do and Sori-do, Korea. Macrobenthic animals were collected seasonally around Sori-Keumo do using a van Veen grab ($0.1m^2$) from October 1999 to April 2000. In total, 196 species were identified at 46 sites around Keumho-do. The mean density was 1,460 individuals/$m^2$, and polychaetes comprised 80% of the total density of the macrozoobenthic. Dominant species were the polychaete Tharyx sp. (51%), the echinoderm Amphioplus megapomus (5%) and the polychaete Lumbrineris longifolia (3%). We identified 176 macrobenthic species at 36 sites around Sori-do. The mean density was 1,068 individuals/$m^2$, and polychaetes was the most abundant faunal group, comprising 41%, followed by mollusks (24%) and echinoderms (20%). Dominant species in Sori-do were the mollusk Potamocorbula amurensis (23%), the chinoderm Amphioplus megapomus (14%), and the polychaete Tharyx sp. (10%). The overall community structures in the study area showed few seasonal changes, although there was a gradual change in the species composition within each benthic community. Tharyx sp. was the most abundant species in the study area. Because this species has not been found in the other coastal areas except during recent investigations, it is considered to have increased during the course of community succession after the oil spill. The macrozoobenthic around Keumo-do showed little change in species richness, whereas around Sori-do, it showed a few increases in species richness after the summer of 1998. The overall density showed the same trend as species richness. Based on improved community indices, we suggest that the macrozoobenthic communities around Sori-Keumo Islands are gradually recovering from the oil-spill damagecaused by the oil spill.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2013

In Korea, more than 300 oil spill accidents occur every year. Despite the frequency, only a small pool of data is available on the initial effect of oil spill on macrobenthic fauna inhabiting rocky shores. The aim of this study was to analyze the variation of macrobenthic fauna composition and community structure on rocky shores, and understand the impact of oil on rocky shore organisms after the Hebei Spirit oil spill. Field surveys were carried out in five regions dose to the wreck site in January, April and September 2008. Polluted sites after the Hebei Spirit oil spill showed that biological index consistently decreased for 9 months limited to breeding and recruitment of organisms by spilled oil. Macrobenthic community was subdivided into 3 groups by species elimination and differences between density of major dominant species: enriched biota community under a relatively stable environment, the second with relatively low ecological index and the last with poor community. In this study, species number did not clearly reflect the effect of oil on the rare and mobile species. However, mean density, biomass and community structure showed the effect of oil by considering breeding activity, decline in recruitment and variation pattern with time.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.206-209
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• 2010

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) meat oil contained high amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared to oils extracted from other tissues of the fish. EPA and DHA occupied more than 25% of the total fatty acids in chum salmon meat oil. The main lipid classes in the meat oil were triacylglycerides and phospholipids. The major fatty acids of the molecular species composition of phosphatidylcholine isolated from the meat oil were DHA and EPA. DHA and EPA were the major molecular species in the phosphatidylcholine of chum salmon meat oil, representing 44% and 17%, respectively.

• 생약학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1986

The young leaf of Perilla species was cultured by two stage culture system using the medium containing mevalonic acid lactone. The growth rate and productivity of essential oil of callus were increased. The essential oil from intact plant and callus was also analysed. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and one sesquiterpene alcohol were identified in essential oils of callus.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.377-381
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• 1987

수박씨기름의 triglyceride에서 산정(算定)가능한 분자종(分子種)은 26종류였으며 주요분자종(主要分子種)은 $C_{18:1}{\cdot}C_{18:2}{\cdot}C_{18:1}$ OLO 6.4%, $C_{18:0}{\cdot}C_{18:2}{\cdot}C_{18:2}$ SLL 7.1%, $C_{18:1}{\cdot}C_{18:2}{\cdot}C_{18:2}$ OLL 16.6%, $C_{16:0}{\cdot}C_{18:2}{\cdot}C_{18:2}$ PLL 19.6% 및 $C_{18:2}{\cdot}C_{18:2}{\cdot}C_{18:2}$ LLL 27.6%의 5종류였으며, 77.3%를 차지하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2008

아라비안 원유 86,886.2톤 이상을 선적한 유조선 Sea Prince호는 태풍 페이를 피하다가 1995년 7월 23일 소리도 인근 해안에 좌초되었다. 이후 4,155.3톤의 원유와 979.9톤의 엔진오일 (벙크C, 벙크A)이 유출되었으며, 유출유는 주로 북동방향으로 확산되어 소리도와 남해도를 중심으로 수백킬로미터의 해안이 기름으로 뒤덮였다. 본 연구는 Sea Prince 유류 유출 사고 2년 후, 유류의 영향이 가장 심각했던 지역부터 영향을 받지 않은 지역까지 유류 확산 경로를 따라 조간대 대형저서동물군집에의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 현장 조사는 사고 2.5년 후인 1998년 2월부터 11월까지 계절별로 Sea Prince 유출유가 뒤덮인 연안을 대상으로 7개 지역의 암반조간대를 선정하여 실시하였다. 조사기간 중 11개 동물문이 채집되었으나, 이중 해조 덤불속에서 채집된 단각류와 등각류 등의 일부 종은 미동정되었다. 동정된 종은 총 5문 9강 65과에 속하는 158종이다. 연체동물이 100종(63.3%)으로 가장 많은 종 수가 채집되었고, 다음은 갑각류 38종(24.1%), 극피동물 12종(7.6%), 해면동물 5종(3.2%), 자포동물 3종(1.9%)이 채집되었다. 소리도 덕포(Sea Prince 좌초 지역)에서 계절에 따라 28$\sim$35종으로 가장 출현종수가 적었다. 출현종수는 덕포에서 가막만쪽으로 가면서 증가하였으며, 소횡간도에서 가장 많았다. 특히 소리도 덕포에서는 다른 지역에 비해 해면동물이나 자포동물과 같은 부착동물의 종 수가 매우 적었다. 상부조간대의 서식밀도와 생물량은 유류 영향이 적은 지역으로 갈수록 증가하였으나, 중부조간대의 생물량은 오히려 감소하였다. 조사지역의 무척추동물 생물량은 부착동물의 양에 좌우되었다. 최우점종은 조무래기따개비 (Chthmallus challengeri), 총알고등(Littorina brecicula), 담치류이었다. 상부조간대의 조무래기따개비와 총알고등의 생물량은 소리도의 좌초지역에서 가장 높았으며, 이 곳에서 멀어질수록 감소하였다. 반면에 중부조간대의 담치류는 반대의 경향을 보였는데, 이는 소리도 좌초지역에서 담치류의 개체크기가 다른 지역에 비해 크기 때문이다. 군집분석 결과로는 유류의 영향이 뚜렷이 나타나지 않았다. 생태지수와 집괴분석 결과 조고에 따라서는 뚜렷한 차이를 보이는 반면에 유류 경로에 따라서는 의미있는 결과를 보이지 않았다. 이는 Sea Prince사고 이후 유류확산 지역에서 군집 수준에서는 어느 정도 회복되었음을 의미하는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 우점 부착동물의 개체군이나 개체 수준에서는 유류 사고 이후 회복에 더 많은 시간이 걸림을 보여준다고 할 수 있다.