Archives of Pharmacal Research

The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea (대한약학회)
권호 표지

Essential Oil Compounds from Agastache rugosa as Antifungal Agents Against Trichophyton Species

  • Published : 2004.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The antifungal activities of the essential oil from Agastache rugosa and its main component, estragole, combined with ketoconazole, one of the azole antibiotics commonly used to treat infections caused by Trichophyton species, were evaluated in this study. The combined effects were measured by the checkerboard microtiter and the disk diffusion tests, against T. erinacei, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. schoenleinii and T. soudanense. Susceptibility of the five Trichophyton species to the oil alone, or ketoconazole alone, differed distinctly. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of ketoconazole combined with estragole or A. rugosa essential oil, against the tested Trichophyton species, were between 0.05 and 0.27, indicating synergistic effects. These drug combinations exhibited the most significant synergism against T. mentagrophytes, with FICIs of 0.05 and 0.09 for estragole and the essential oil fraction from A. rugosa, respectively. Isobolograms based on the data from checkerboard titer tests also indicated significant synergism between ketoconazole and the Agastache oil fraction or estragole, against the Trichophyton species evaluated. Trichophyton susceptibility to ketoconazole was significantly improved by combination with the Agastache rugosa oil fraction or its main component, estragole.

Keywords

References

  1. Bidlack, W. R., Omaye, S. T., Meskin, M. S., and Topham, D., Phytochemicals as bioactive agents.Technomic Publishing Company,Lancaster, pp. 106-110 (2000)
  2. Davidson, P. M. and Parish, M. E., Methods for testing the efficacy of food antimicrobials. Food Technol., 43, 148-155 (1989)
  3. Faleiro, M. L., Miguel, M. G., Ladeiro, F., venancio, F., Tavares, R., Brito, J. C., Figueiredo, A. C., Barroso, J. G., and Pedro, L. G., Antimicrobial activity of essential oils isolated from Portuguese endemic species of Thymus. Lett. Appl. Microb., 36, 35-40 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01259.x
  4. Giordani, R., Trebaux, J., Masi, M., and Regli, P., Enhanced antifungal activity of ketoconazole by Euphorbia characias latex against Trichophyton albicans. J. Ethnopharmacol., 78, 1-5 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00295-1
  5. Hammer, K., Carson, C. F., and Riley, T. V., In-vitro activity of essential oils, in particular Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and tea tree oil products, against Trichophyton spp. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 42, 591-595 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/42.5.591
  6. Inouye, S., Uchida, K., and Yamaguchi, H., In vitro and in vivo anti-Trichophyton activity of essential oils by vapor contact. Mycoses, 44, 99-107 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0507.2001.00618.x
  7. Nidiry, E. S., Structure-fungitoxicity relationships of the monoterpenoids of the essential oils of Peppermint (Mentha piperita) and scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). J. Essent. Oil Res., 10, 628-632 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1998.9700990
  8. Patra, M., Shahi, S. K., Midgely,G., and Dikshit, A., Utilization of essential oil as natural antifungal against nail-infective fungi. Flavour Frag. J., 17, 91-94 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1049
  9. Shahi, S. K., Shukla, A. C., Bajaj, A. K., Medgely, G., and Dikshit, A., Broad spectrum antimycotic drug for the control of fungal infection in human beings. Curr. Sci., 76, 836-839 (1999)
  10. Shahi, S. and Kang, C. A., Antifunalg activity of the essential oil of Agastache rugosa Kuntze and its synergism with ketoconazole. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 36, 111-115 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01271.x
  11. Shin, S., Anti-Aspergillus activities of plant essential oils and their combination effects with ketoconazole or amphotericin B. Arch. Pharm, Res., 26, 389-393 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976696
  12. Sugar, A. M., Alsip, S. G., Galgiani, J. N., Graybill, J. R., Dismukes, W. E., Claud, G. A., Craven, P. C., and Stevens, D. A., Pharmacology and toxicity of high-dose ketoconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1874-1878 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.31.12.1874
  13. White, R. L., Burgess, D. S., Manduru, M., and Bosso, J. A., Comparison of three different in vitro methods of detecting synergy: timekill, checkerboard, and E test. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 40, 1914-1918 (1996)
  14. Yoon, S. Y., Eo, S. K., Lee, D. K., and Han S. S., Antimicrobial activity of Ganoderma lucidum extract alone and in combination with some antibiotics. Arch. Pharm. Res., 6, 438-442 (1994)