• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.1512-1512
• /
• 2001

The University of Cordoba conducts since 1991 a breeding program to obtain new olive cultivars from intraspecific crosses. The objective is to obtain new early bearing and high-quality cultivars. In plant breeding, many seedlings must be tested to increased the chance of getting desirable genotypes. Therefore, fast, cheap and accurate methods of analysis are necessary. The conventional laboratory techniques are costly and time-consuming. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) can satisfy the characteristics requested by plant breeders and offers many advantages such as the simultaneous analysis of many traits and cheap cost. The objective of this work was to asses the performance of NIRS to estimate oil fruit components (fruit weight, flesh moisture, flesh/stone ratio and oil flesh content in dry weight basis) and fatty acid composition in olive fruit. Genotypes from reciprocal crosses between ‘Arbequina’, ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Picual’ cultivars have been used in this study. A total of 287 samples, each from a single plant, were scanned using a DA-7000 Diode Array VIS/NIR Analysis System (Perten Instruments), which covers the visible and NIR range from 400-1700 nm. All samples were analysed for fatty acid composition (gas chromatography) and 220 for oil fruit components (oil content by nuclear magnetic resonance), 70% and 30% of samples were randomly assign for the calibration and validation sets respectively. The preliminary results shows that calibration for palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were highly accurate with calibration and validation values of $r^2$ from 0.85 to 0.95 and 0.76 to 0.91 respectively. Calibration for palmitoleic and estearic acids were less accurate, probably because of the narrow range of variability available for these fatty acids. For the oil fruit components, calibration were high accurate for flesh moisture and oil flesh content in dry weight basis ($r^2$ higher than 0.90 in both calibration and validation sets) and less accurate for the other characteristics evaluated. The first results obtained indicate that NIRS analysis could be an ideal technique to reduce the cost, time and chemical wasted necessary to evaluate a large number of genotypes and it is accurate enough to use for pre-selecting genotypes in a breeding program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2009

Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation (KOEM) has waste oil facilities in 13 ports to collect and treat waste oil, bilge, etc. from ships based upon the Marine Environment Management Act of Korea and MARPOL 73/78 convention. Those facilities were designed and have been operated simply to discharge water under the level 15 ppm of oil contents. However, bad smells occurred from rotten organic matters in waste water and direct discharge of harmful substances to receiving water caused civil appeals. Therefore, KOEM tried to develop new process for treatment of oily waste water from ships, which could mitigate harmful substances, save cost, calm down civil appeals and contribute to marine environment preservation. This process consists of 3 steps to remove oil contents via gravity variation at first, $O_3$ input to contact water and organism deposition by inputting condensate deposits. Then finally upper water will be discharged, and the deposited substances in the bottom will be compressed through spinning machine to transfer to the designated contractors for treatment of wastes. This is very effective and innovative in that it could reduce 3 or 4 steps compared with existing process and mitigate not only waste oil concentration but also hard resolving materials such as colloid, ABS, phosphorus, nitrogen and bad smells. This method is expected to minimize bad smells and harmful gases, to save more than 10% of maintenance cost, and to arrange the good base for garbage treatment business dealing with waste water and bad smell.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.755-775
• /
• 2022

This study empirically analyzes that the asymmetry of domestic gasoline price adjustment to the crude oil price changes can vary depending on the level of gasoline price using quantile autoregressive distributed lag model. The data used are the weekly average Dubai price, domestic gasoline price at refiners and gas stations from the first week of May 2008 to the second week of October 2022. The study estimates three price transmission channels: changes in gas station gasoline prices in response to changes in Dubai oil prices, changes in refiners gasoline prices in response to changes in Dubai oil prices, and changes in gas station prices relative to refiners gasoline prices. As a result, the price adjustment of refiner's gasoline price with respect to Dubai oil price appears asymmetrically across all quantiles of gasoline price, whereas the adjustment of gas station prices for Dubai oil price and refiner's gasoline price tend to be more asymmetric as the quantile of gasoline price increases. Such a result is presumed to be due to changes in the inventory cost of gas stations. When the burden of inventory cost is high, gas stations have an incentive to more actively pass the increased buying price on their selling price.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.9-29
• /
• 1994

The development of separation technology is an important research subject as is clear from its role in the Japanese government's research and development program for basic technology for the next generation(1981~1990). Japan is poor not only in mineral resources but also in energy resources and if a sudden change occurs in oil producing facility or an accident occurs in a nuclear power plant, then energy policy must undergo changes and economic foundations may collapse. Japan has already experienced this. Although, oil prices are stable at present and Japan can import oil at low cost due to the yen appreciation, Japan needs to promote development work for any new energy crisis that may come in the future. This has been the motive for gas separation membrane development in Japan. The study of gas permeation through polymer membranes, which is the basis for membranes for gas separation, at Japanese universities began many years ago, but interest in membranes for gas separation was aroused mainly by the Government. The development of gas separation membranes in Japan started with membranes for oxygen separation on an industrial scale.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.391-401
• /
• 2009

This paper presents a study of the strength and chloride penetration of blended Portland cement mortar containing ground palm oil fuel ash (POA) and ground river sand (GS). Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was partially replaced with POA and GS. Compressive strength, rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) and chloride penetration depth of mortars were determined. The GS only asserted the packing effect and its incorporation reduced the strength and the resistance to chloride penetration of mortar. The POA asserted both packing and pozzolanic effects. The use of the blend of equal portion of POA and GS also produced high strength mortars, save cost and excellent resistance to chloride penetration owing to the synergic effect of the blend of POA and GS. For chloride depth, the mathematical model correlates well with the experimental results. The computer graphics of chloride depth of the ternary blended mortars are also constructed and can be used to aid the understanding and the proportioning of the blended system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.102-107
• /
• 2001

Recently, with the increasing of construction works, large construction equipment are used to reduce the term of work and labor cost in construction field. Therefore, construction equipment noise has caused much annoyance for a number of dweller in nearby construction field and it has become a very serious problem in our living environment. Neverthless, in our country, adequite guidelines for the construction equipment noise are very deficiency because of the lack of basic data and insufficient research works. From this point of view, this study attempts to survey the characteristics and prediction of piling noise in oil pressure method. On the basis of measurement value, we analysed about prediction possibility of piling noise in oil pressure method.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2001.07a
• /
• pp.497-500
• /
• 2001

Shunt reactors are used to compensate for capacitive VARs generated by lightly loaded transmission lines or underground cables. They are normally connected to the transformer tertiary winding. Dry-type shunt reactors have the advantage compared with oil-immersed shunt reactor as followings. Lower investment and maintenance cost, No fire hazard and no environmental concerns, Simple insulation to ground, Response to transient overvoltage less severe, Linearity of inductance versus load current, Lower-acoustic noise, Easier transport and handling due to lower weight, No oil-collecting system must be provided since there is no oil that can leak into the ground.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1994.03a
• /
• pp.23-52
• /
• 1994

The development if separation technology is an important research subject as is clear from its role in the Japanese government's research abd development program for basic technology for the next generation (1981~1990). Japan is poor not only in mineral resources but also in energy resources and if a sudden change occurs in oil producing facility or an accident occurs in a nuclear power plant, then energy policy must undergo changes and economic foundations may collapse. Japan has already experienced this. Although, oil prices are stable at present and Japan can import oil at low cost due to the yen appreciation, Japan needs to promote development work for any new energy crisis that may come in the future. This has been the motive for gas separation membrane development in Japan.

• Advances in Energy Research
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.233-241
• /
• 2022

Biodiesel is a non-polluting and non-toxic energy source that can replace conventional diesel. However, the higher production cost and raw material scarcity became challenges that obstruct the commercialization of biodiesel production. In the current investigation, fried cooking oil is used for biodiesel production in a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor, thus enhancing raw material availability and helping better waste oil disposal. However, due to the cavitation effect inside the reactor, the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor can give biodiesel yield above 98%. Thus, the use of orifice plates (having a different number of holes for cavitation) in the reactor shows more than 90% biodiesel yield within 10 mins of a time interval. The effects of rising temperature at different molar ratios are also investigated. The five-hole plate achieves the highest yield for a 4.5:1 molar ratio at 65℃. And the similar result is predicted by the response surface methodology model; however, the optimized yield is obtained at 60℃. The investigation will help understand the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on biodiesel yield at different molar ratios and elevated temperatures.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.592-599
• /
• 2008

Oil sands had not received enough attention due to high production cost. However, as oil price significantly increases, oil sands are receiving more and more interest as unconventional crude oil. The value and applicability of oil sands can be enhanced by upgrading oil sands bitumen to produce synthetic crude oil (SCO). This study analyzed 213 oil sands upgrading patents applied between 1969 and 2006 in US, Canada, Japan, Europe, and Korea. The upgrading technologies could be classified into 9 detailed technologies; hydrocracking, coking, thermal cracking, deasphalting, supercritical technology, bio-technology, hydrotreating, gasification, and others. The number of patents applied for oil sands upgrading increased after 1970, reached a maximum in the early 1980, and slowly increases again in recent years. Korea has a lack of technologies for oil sands. Therefore, the technologies for oil sands production and application, specially, upgrading technologies based on accumulated oil refinery technologies need to be developed to increase self-development ratio of energy resource.