• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.261-264
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• 2003

We try to distribute air pollution sources at target area. The complex method is used to distribute air pollution sources. Most of people, However, want to simple indicator as standard for express air pollution source. In many area, air pollution is caused by different types of sources. The general type is point source, such as tall stack of power plants and oil refineries stacks. A second type is areal source, such as local industry and transportation. In this aspect, the ratio of sulfur dioxide to nitrogen oxides (RSN =SO$_2$/NOx)is an indicator of air pollution source. the role of this ratio is to show the characteristics at target area of the relationship the point and the areal source. (omitted)

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2015

이 논문의 목적은 자동차 클러치, 수동변속기와 타이어 시스템의 마찰에 관련된 화재에 대한 고장사례를 분석하고 연구하는 것이다. 첫 번째 사례는 반복적으로 클러칭하면서 자동차의 클러치 디스크가 플라이 휠의 접촉면과 접촉하면서 열에 의해 과열되어 이 열이 수동변속기의 외부로 흘러 고착된 오일 찌꺼기에 옮겨 붙어 화재가 발생된 것으로 확인되었다. 두 번째, 사례로 변속 장치는 기어와 기어의 접촉에 의해 동력을 전달한다. 변속기 오일이 변속기 케이스의 균열로 인해 오일 부족 현상이 일어나 변속기 케이스 상단의 퇴적물에 의해 화재가 발생된 것을 확인하였다. 세번째 사례는 건조한 구덩이에서 빠져나오려고 반복적으로 가속페달을 작동시키면서 타이어와 도로의 마찰이 반복되면서 내부의 축적된 열에 의해서 화재가 발생된 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서, 운전자는 운전 중 마찰부에 화재가 발생하지 않도록 세심하게 관리하여야 한다.

• 정보통신설비학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2010

Recently process industries from oil and gas procedures and mining companies to manufactures of chemicals, foods, and beverages has been exploring the USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Networks) technology to improve safety of production processes. However, to apply the USN technology in the large-scale plant industry, reliability and security issues are not fully addressed yet, and the absence of the industrial sensor networking standard causes a compatibility problem with legacy equipment and systems. Although this situation, process industry such as energy plants are looking for the secure wireless plant solution to provide detailed, accurate safety monitoring from previously hard-reach, unaccordable area. In this paper, SPSF (Smart Plant Safety Framework based on Reliable-Secure USN) is suggested to fulfill the requirements of high-risk industrial environments for highly secure, reliable data collection and plant monitoring that is resistant to interference. The SPSF consists of three main layers: 1) Smart Safety Sensing Layer, 2) Smart Safety Network Layers, 3) Plant Network System Layer.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Offshore, sub-sea pipelines that transport oil and gas experience thermal expansion induced by the temperature of the transported medium during operation. The expansion of the pipeline can induce overload and cause damage to offshore platforms or sub-sea structures that are connected to the pipelines. To mitigate and prevent these incidents, expansion spools are installed between offshore, sub-sea pipelines and risers on the platform. This paper presents the results of the study and development of a simplified design method for expansion spools, using the slope deflection method for the purpose of preliminary design or front-end engineering and design (FEED).

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Objectives : Gossypium arboreum (cotton) is traditionally used to treat various health disorders. However, anti-amnesic effect of G. arboreum has not been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate in-vivo the anti-amnesic effects along with in vitro antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition potential in G. arboreum seed essential oil. Methods : The essential oil of G. arboreum obtained by solid phase microextraction (SPME) techniques were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay were performed to determine the antioxidant activity at various concentrations (312.5, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000, 10000 ㎍/㎖. Y-maze, passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests were carried out to evaluate improved effect on scopolamine (1 mg/kg)-induced memory dysfunction at the dose level of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Donepezil (5 mg/kg) was used as a positive drug control. We performed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity assay in ex vivo. Results : Five volatile compounds were identified in G. arboreum. The assays of DPPH and ABTS revealed that G. arboreum increased antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. G. arboreum ameliorated the percent of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test, shortened step-through latency in the passive avoidance test, and increased swimming time in the target zone in the Morris water maze test. In addition, G. arboreum inhibited the AChE activity. Conclusions : Based on these findings, G. arboreum may aid in the prevention and treatment of learning and memory-deficit disorders through antioxidant and AChE inhibitory activities.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2014

In this study, Krill Eupausia superba oil was extracted using different solvents and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-$CO_2$). During SC-$CO_2$ extraction, the pressure was set at 40 MPa and temperatures ranged from $40^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$. We examined the differences in volatile compounds and safety profiles among extraction methods. Volatile compounds were determined using the thermal desorption system integrated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Heavy metal content was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). According to our results 10 volatile compounds were identified in krill sample. After SC-$CO_2$ extraction of oil, the concentrations of volatile compounds decreased, but increased after solvent extraction. In krill, heavy metal concentrations remained within the permissible limit. Moreover, Zn and Fe which have health benefits were detected at high concentrations. During a 90 days storage period at different temperatures, microbial activity was found to be lowest in SC-$CO_2$ extracted residues. Thus, the quality of krill oil and the residues obtained using SC-$CO_2$ extraction was higher and the oil was safer than those obtained using conventional solvent extraction. These results can be applied to the food industry to maintain high quality krill products.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 1999

The study on the wear characteristics of compound layers formed during gaseous nitrocarburising in the medium carbon boron steels and the plain carbon steel has been carried out by using a pin-on-disc type wear test machine under the oil lubricating condition at room temperature and by varying applied loads, sliding speeds and wear distances. Values of friction coefficient measured at the sliding speed of 0.4m/sec under the oil lubricating condition have been shown to decrease considerably with increasing applied load and become gradually a constant value as load is increased to a higher value, showing that the transition load for friction coefficient appears at an applied load of 247.2N. The length and volume wear rates of compound layer have been revealed to relatively constantly increase, also showing that the wear life per unit thickness of compound layer turns out to be superior as porous layer has a denser and thinner appearance. As the sliding speed increases during wear test performed by varying sliding speed at a load of 63.2N under the oil lubricating condition for medium carbon boron steel nitrocarburised in gas atmosphere, the wear rate has been found to increase, the friction coefficient to decrease and the wear life per unit thickness of compound layer to decrease considerably.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.435-451
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• 2015

Evaluation of the performance of aging structures is essential in the oil and gas industry, where the inaccurate prediction of structural performance can have significantly hazardous consequences. The effects of structure failure due to the significant reduction in wall thickness, which determines the burst strength, make it very complicated for pipeline operators to maintain pipeline serviceability. In other words, the serviceability of gas pipelines and elbows needs to be predicted and assessed to ensure that the burst or collapse strength capacities of the structures remain less than the maximum allowable operation pressure. In this study, several positions of the corrosion in a subsea elbow made of API X42 steel were evaluated using both design formulas and numerical analysis. The most hazardous corrosion position of the aging elbow was then determined to assess its serviceability. The results of this study are applicable to the operational and elbow serviceability needs of subsea pipelines and can help predict more accurate replacement or repair times.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2019

오존은 박테리아, 원생동물, 효모 및 진균과 같은 미생물을 사멸시킬 수 있는 기체 분자이다. 그러나 오존 가스는 대기 중에서 불안정하기 때문에 쉽게 사용할 수 없다. 최근에 오존을 쉽고 효율적으로 사용할 수 있도록 식물성 오일을 활용하는 방법이 개발되었고, 활용성에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 오존은 지방산의 C-C 이중 결합과 반응하여 오존화된 오일로 전환 될 수 있다. 이 반응에서 오존 처리된 오일의 지방산 내에서 오각형 고리 구조화합물인 오조나이드가 생성된다. 이 연구에서는 올리브 오일을 사용하여 오존 처리된 오일이 4 종류의 세균과 곰팡이에 대해 중요한 항미생물 활성을 갖는다는 가설을 연구하였다. 오존화 올리브 오일을 4 가지 피부 감염미생물 Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) 및 장내 세균인 Escherichia coli에 처리하였다. 항미생물 활성은 미국 국립 임상 실험 표준위원회 방법(National Clinical Laboratory Standards, USA)에 따른 disk 확산 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 최소억제농도(MIC)는 S. aureus에 대해 0.25 mg, S. epidermidis에 대해 0.5 mg, P. aeruginosa에 대해 3.0 mg 및 E. coli에 대해 1.0 mg로 나타나 오존화 올리브 오일은 그람음성균보다 그람양성균에 더 효과적이었다. 또한, S. aureus와 MRSA에 대한 항균활성을 비교하였을 때 MRSA에서 오존화된 올리브 오일이 S. aureus보다 더 민감하게 작용하였으며, 진균인 C. albicans는 한 시간 이내에 사멸되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 오존화 올리브 오일이 강력한 항미생물 물질로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.278-284
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• 1984

복숭아씨기름 및 살구씨기름의 triglyceride 조성(組成)을 밝히기 위하여 시료유(試料油)로부터 TLC에 의하여 triglyceride를 분리하고, 이것을 HPLC에 의하여 PN 별(別)로 triglyceride를 분획(分劃)하여 분취(分取)하였다. 분취(分取)한 각분획(各劃分)을 GLC에 의하여 acyl 탄소수별(炭素數別)로 재분획(再分劃)하는 한편, 각획분(各劃分)의 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)을 분석(分析)하였다. 이들 결과로부터 시료유(試料油)의 triglyceride조성(組成)을 산정(算定)하였는데, 산정(算定)할 수 있었던 복숭아씨기름의 triglyceride는 15종류였으며, 이중(中) 주요(主要) triglyceride는 다음과 같다. $(3{\times}C_{18:1},\;30.9%)$, $(2{\times}C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;21.2%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;2{\times}C_{18:2},\;10.6%)$, $(3{\times}C_{18:2},\;3.8%)$, $(C_{18:0},\;2{\times}C_{18:1},\;1.8%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;1.5%)$, $(C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;1.1%)$ 등이다. 또한 살구씨기름의 정우는 산정(算定)할 수 있었던 triglyceride 는 13종류였고, 주요(主要) triglyceride는 다음과 같다. $(3{\times}C_{18:1},\;39.5%)$, $(2{\times}C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;24.5%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;2{\times}C_{18:2},\;14.2%)$, $(3{\times}C_{18:2},\;2.0%)$ 등이다.