• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2014

Block copolymers including ABA triblock architectures are useful as thermoplastic elastomers and toughened plastics depending on the relative glassy and rubbery content. These materials can be blended with other polymers and utilized as additives, toughening agents, and compatibilizers. Most of commercially available block copolymers are derived from petroleum. Renewable alternatives are attractive considering the finite supply of fossil resources on earth and the overall economic and environmental expenses involved in the recovery and use of oil. Furthermore, tomorrow's sustainable materials are demanding the design and implementation with programmed end-of-life. The present review focuses on the preparation and evaluation of new classes of renewable ABA triblock copolymers and also emphasizes on the use of carbohydrate-derived poly(lactide) or plant-based poly(olefins) having a high glass transition temperature and/or high melting temperature for the hard phase in addition to the use of bio-based amorphous hydrocarbon polymers with a low glass transition temperature for the soft components. The combination of multiple controlled polymerizations has proven to be a powerful approach. Precision-controlled synthesis of these hybrid macromolecules has led to the development of new elastomers and tough plastics offering renewability, biodegradability, and high performance.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.574-581
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• 2008

The optimum regeneration conditions for the regeneration of three way spent catalysts (TWCs), which were taken from automobiles with different driving conditions, were investigated to evaluate the suitability as alternative catalysts for removing VOCs. The spent catalysts were washed with five different acids ($HNO_3$, $H_2SO_4$, $C_2H_2O_4$, $C_6H_8O_7$, and $H_3PO_4$) to remove contaminants and examine the optimum conditions for recovering the catalytic activity. The physicochemical properties of spent and its regenerated TWCs were evaluated by using nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, XRD, and ICP. The relative atomic ratios of contaminants and platinum group metals (PGMs) of the spent TWCs were greatly dependent on the placed positions. The main contaminants formed were lubricant oil additives and metallic components. Also, the regeneration treatment increased the PGMs ratio, BET surface area, and average pore diameter of TWCs. The catalytic activity results indicated that the spent TWCs have the possibility for removing VOCs. Moreover, the employed acid treatments greatly enhanced the catalytic activity of the spent TWCs. Especially, nitric and oxalic acids provided the most improvement in the catalytic behavior. The catalytic activities of the regenerated TWCs were significantly influenced by the containing platinum ratios rather than the removal ratios of contaminants and the changes in the structural properties offered by the acid treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.948-952
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• 2005

The antioxidative and antimicrobial properties of the solvent extracts of 3 parts (leaf, stem, root) of Crotalaria sessiflora L. were investigated, in order to find out new natural food additives. The antioxidative activities of the extracts were determined by peroxide value (POV) and the conjugated diene value (CDV) of corn oil stored for 30 days at $60\pm2^{\circ}C$. Each part of the extracts were added as $0.02,\;0.05\%$ and then compared with BHT. The anti oxidative activities were as follows in decreasing order: BHT > LeafEX > StemEX > RootEX > control. The induction period showed that the part of the Crotalaria sessifloria L. group added with solvent extract showed a longer induction period compared with the control group. The part of Crotalaria sessiflora L. solvent extract were shown to have antimicrobial effects on the microorganism such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, Pseudomonas flrourescens and Escherichia coli. Especially the effect on the Pseudomonas flrourescens was remarkable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.176-187
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• 1983

Volatile flavor components of garlic and factors which influence on its flavors were reviewed. Growth, storage and processing conditions influence on the flavor intensity of garlic. To intensify garlic flavors, it is desirable that sufficient sulfate nutrition be supplied to the soil of growing garlic and that the suggested proportions of mineral composition and water content be considered. And to maintain the flavor intensity of post harvested garlic, flavor losses taken place during over inter storage mainly due to respiration, sprout and decay, have to be minimized. Among the various storage methods, combination method of post harvest hot-air drying and low temperature ($0^{\circ}C$), low humidity (RH 70-75%) is useful. The flavor of processed garlic is very much decreased as compared with that of fresh, and the decreasing rate of flavors depends on processing method. The synthetic garlic flavors were obtained by three types based on intermediate thiosulfinate, S-alk(en) yl-$\small{L}$-cyteine sulfoxlde-alliinase fission products and $\small{L}$-5-alk (en)yl thiomethylhydantoin ${\pm}$ S-oxides. These synthetic garlic flavors may be promised to be applied to food additives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2004

The antioxidative and antimicrobial activity were carried on the Chopi(Zanthoxylum pipperitum) extracts by six kinds of solvents in order to find out new natural food additives. Six solvents were used methanol(MeOH), n-hexan(hexane), chloroform$(CHCl_3)$, ethylacetate(EtOAc), buthanol(BuOH), and water(water) and methanol extract(MEex), hexan extract(HEex), chloroform extract(CHex), ethylacetate extract(EAex), and buthanol extract(BUex), water extract(WAex). The antioxdative activities of them extracts were determined by peroxide value(POV), conjugated diene value(CDV) of corn germ oil storaged for 30 days at $60{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. These extracts were added as 0.02, 0.1, 0.2% of each extracts and compared with ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, and BHT. The antioxidative activities of 0.02% extract were as follows in decreasing order BUex > WAex, BHT, MEex > HEex, EAex, CHex > TOC, and control. While, BUex and CHex among these extracts were shown to be had antimicrobial effects on the microorganism such as Escheria coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Psedomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Finally to find out the preference of chopi we had made Yugwanzageon (a kind of shallow fried meat ball)by adding chopi powder. The result were similar to control(not added chopi powder) in case of 0.1% chopi adding Yugwanzageon.(p<0.05) Therefore it was thought to be possible that chopi powder was used Yugwanzageon preperation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.119-131
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• 2023

Objective: This study was to assess the effects of different doses of an essential oil blend (EOB) on growth performance, diarrhea occurrence (DO), hematological and blood biochemical profile, intestinal morphometry, morphology and microbiology, relative weight and length of organs, digestive content pH, and liver antioxidant status in weaning piglets. Methods: A total of 135 barrows (7.09±0.29 kg body weight) were allotted randomly in a randomized complete block design based on body weight with nine replications and three animals per pen. Dietary treatments were a negative control (NC): basal diet; positive control (PC): NC plus 125 mg performance-enhancing antibiotic (enramycin 8%)/kg diet; NC plus 100 mg EOB/kg diet (EO100); NC plus 200 mg EOB/kg diet (EO200); and NC plus 400 mg EOB/kg diet (EO400). Diarrhea occurrence was monitored daily, and performance at the end of each phase. Results: Gain to feed ratio was greater (p<0.05) in starter II pigs fed EO400 and EO200 than in those fed EO100. Pigs fed EO400 had lower (p<0.05) DO than those fed NC and EO100 in the total period. Pre-starter II pigs fed NC had (p<0.05) lower serum total protein and plasma protein than pigs fed PC. Pigs fed EO100 showed smaller (p<0.05) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than pigs fed EO400. Starter II pigs fed EO400 had (p<0.05) greater MCV and lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin and erythrocytes than those fed EO100. There was a greater concentration (p<0.05) of band cells for PC, similar to EO400 and EO200. Performance-enhancing antibiotic and EOB to diets increased (p<0.05) liver superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusion: Adding 200 and 400 mg EOB/kg diet decreased DO and was advantageous to hematological and blood biochemical profile and liver antioxidant status without being detrimental to growth performance and gastrointestinal health in nursery pigs.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2010

This study was performed to develop a formulation using an antagonistic bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A-2 to control tomato leaf mold caused by Fulvia fulva. B. amyloliquefaciens A-2 was grown in a medium with rice oil and mixed with various carrier and additives. One of the formulations, A2-MP, showed the best disease control value among the tested formulations. The disease control value of A2-MP at 100-fold and 500-fold diluted treatment was not significantly different from that of chemical fungicide triflumizole in a growth chamber. Although disease control effect was decreased by serial diluted treatment of the prepared A2-MP, 1,000-fold diluted treatment of A2-MP still showed high disease control value of 72.0%. For the green house experiments, the disease control values of A2-MP was indicated as 79.4% which is similar to that of chemical fungicide, triflumizole showing 79.6%. When the disease control activity of the formulation A2-MP was compared in tomato production conditions, disease control values of 100-fold diluted A2-MP and 3,000 fold diluted triflumizole exhibited 60%, 81.6%, respectively. The disease control efficiency by A-2MP was 73% of the disease control value of chemical fungicide. The formulation A-2MP maintained the stable bacterial viability and disease control activity when stored at $4^{\circ}C$. This result suggested that A-2MP develped from B. amyloliquefaciens A-2 could be used to control tomato leaf mold.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2007

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was chemically synthesized using the alkaline isomerization method of com oil. CLA-TG was synthesized by reaction with sodium methoxide. Five different treatments were devised based on differences in the amount of CLA-TG added into the pressed han. for controls, 10% of pork back fat among the total component was only added without any CLA-TG. For the first treatment, 5% of CLA-TG among the lard component added into the press ham was replaced. For the 2nd, 3rd and 4th treatments, 10%, 15% and 20% of CLA-TG was respectively replaced. Pressed ham manufactured using CLA-TG was vacuum packaged and then stored for 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Samples were analyzed for chemical composition, physico-chemical properties (pH, color), and texture characteristics. Typical chemical composition characteristics (moisture, crude protein, crude fat) were not significantly different between controls and CLA-TG treatment groups. Crude fat content of CLA-TG treatment groups was significantly lower than that of controls (p<0.05). pH values of controls was higher than that of CLA-TG treatment groups. The pH of control and CLA-TG treatment groups increased significantly as the storage period increased (p<0.05). Meat color (CIE $L^*,\;b^*$) of CLA-TG treatment groups was higher than that of controls. $a^*$ values were decreased by replacement of CLA-TG, but appeared to be unaffected by storage length. There was no significant difference in texture between controls and CLA-TG treatment groups. Based on these findings, we conclude that the physico-chemical properties and texture characteristics of manufactured pressed ham were not affected by CLA-TG addition. Also, our results indicate that high-quality pressed ham can be manufactured with CLA accumulation.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 1998

This study was performed to characterize the trace organic pollutants in the industrial wastewater and to establish the database of the trace organic pollutants. The four manufacturing industries, which are refined petroleum, industrial chemicals, rubber & plastics and fabricated metals, were surveyed. The wastewater and discharging water of these 30 factories are analyzed to characterize the trace organic pollutants. In industrial chemicals, the kinds of products and organic pollutants are very various. Therefore to select the characteristic organic pollutants in this categories are also very difficult. In industrial chemicals, the gas chromatograpic peak patterns of wastewater are represented the various type according to their products, therefore the typical patterns of the characteristic organic pollutants could not be obtained because the kinds of manufactured goods and organic pollutants are very various. In refined petroleum, the effluent is discharged in the distillatory process of atmosphere pressure and contained the saturated hydrocarbons, phenol compounds, benzene compounds and naphtalene compounds. The saturated hydrocarbons peaks from $C_{15}$ to $C_{35}$ are represented the typical oil patterns by the uniform intervals therefore the peak can be easily distinguished. In rubber & plastics, the wastewater is discharged in the washing process which contains the additives. The problem of wastewater is not serious because the manufacturing process is not produced the effluent or the produced cooling water is recycled in that process.