• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.2 s.74
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• pp.138-142
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• 2006

Occupational asthma is commonly known to be induced by isocyanate exposure. Spray painters generally use isocyanates for 2-pack spray painting to coat wooden panel surfaces in the furniture industry in South Australia. Due to a lack of actual exposure data, this study conducted environmental and dermal/ocular monitoring from a company in the furniture industry. According to this study, there was no significant airborne contamination, due to the use of high volume low pressure (HVLP) spray guns, low concentration of hardener in paint solutions and appropriate respirator like full face-air line respirator. There was no significant HDI detection in the general work area around the spray booths. Owing to the use of disposable nitrile gloves during the spray painting, no significant dermal exposure was found. According to color monitoring, there was a possible dermal exposure from surfaces in the workplace, unless either protective gloves were worn or appropriate working practices like clean-up process and storage in a secure places. No eye contamination was detected from the spray painters. No significant exposure levels from inhalational, dermal, ocular were found. The area of most concern was work practices.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.506-509
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• 2002

An optical system for a stereoscopic video recorder is designed with the field of view 42$^{\circ}$ and effective diameter 22 mm. We can use it by attaching it to the front lens of any video camera or camcorder to record a stereoscopic scene. This system is a double Kepler type afocal system to make the image erect and a bi-ocular type to record and display the stereoscopic scene. The optical tube length is folded with several flat mirrors and a beam splitter to be compact. This optical system is composed of 4 groups of lenses and each group serves as a relay lens for minimizing the vignetting effect. Whole field stereoscopic scenes may be captured by perpendicularly polarized alternated recording with a chopper and two perpendicular polarizers, without any loss of light energy. The displayed images may be seen stereoscopically with polarized spectacles and are kinetic because of an afterimage effect.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2002

This research was conducted to understand and analyze the physical awareness symptoms of college students and get fundamental research data essential to provide efficient student guidance and public health service at schools. The survey was carried out for 1 month from May 7th, 2001 to June 7th, 2001. The interviewees were 950 enrolled students at junior colleges in Daegu. 26.5% of them were men and 73.5% women. Among the surveyed, public health majors were 76.9%. Daytime students were 64.1 %, and the majority of the students, 42.8%, were atheistic. 56.0% of the students grew up in big cities, 22.2% in medium and small-sized cities, and 21.8% in farming and fishing communities. 66.1 % used public transportation. The majority of the students, 48.7%, answered that the satisfaction level for their majors was average. The result shows that the ocular fatigue was indicated as a greatest complaint, and the female students showed the higher complaint rate than the males. In the study of the complaining rate of physical symptoms by major, the public health majors showed the highest complaining rate in gasping when going up/down stairs, shoulder pain, a burning feeling on empty stomach, and leg/knee pain. On the other hand, the highest complaint factors for the technical majors were ocular fatigue and the feelings of heavy head. In the study of the complaining rate of physical symptoms by transportation, gasping during going up/down stairs and shoulder pain were most common, which were 52.2% and 36.0% respectively. In the study of the insecurity response distribution by transportation, college students who drive a car showed 3.8% and students using public transportation 3.7%. In the study of the insecurity response by subject satisfaction, students who answered dissatisfactory were 8.3%, average 3.9%, satisfied 3.0%. Therefore, it was concluded that students who were dissatisfied with their subjects showed the higher rate of insecurity response. it can be recommended that a school health education program regarding ocular fatigue and shoulder pain should be developed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.131-133
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• 2013

A 9-year-old, intact female Jindo dog weighing 23 kg was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with a history of two months of ocular discharge. Initial ocular examination showed a 2 cm elongated mass arising from the ventral bulbar conjunctiva of the left eye. Ocular ultrasound, performed to rule out any orbital and intraocular involvement, was negative. Thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasonography revealed no abnormalities. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of mass was performed. Aspiration cytology showed the presence of a round cell population mostly characterized. A moderate amount of eosinophils was present among round cells. The mass was excised and identified hitologically as a mast cell tumor. Six months after surgical treatment, thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasonography did not reveal any clinical signs of local recurrence or metastatic disease.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.205-215
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• 2021

Background: The treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) for intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction is recommended to proceed with the use of the compound. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of brinzolamide combination therapy on POAG and OHT following the subgroup analysis among types of brinzolamide combined medications. Methods: By June 2019, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched to find a study that met our inclusion criteria. Based on randomized control trials (RCTs), we collected studies that tested the brinzolamide combination therapy in POAG and OHT patients, and analyzed the literature identified by the results of the study on IOP reduction and adverse reactions. Results: A total of 13 literature was collected to conduct an analysis including 2,197 patients. The intervention included brinzolamide combination therapies, combined with timolol, brimonidine, PGA or combined with both brimonidine and PGA. The analysis showed significant decreasing tendency for values at morning and end treatment per day in the use of brinzolamide combination therapy in the absolute IOP change (mean difference (MD) -1.41; 95% CI -1.92, -0.90; p<0.001 vs. MD -1.46; 95% CI -2.03, -0.89; p<0.00001, respectively). We could see higher adverse reactions in the brinzolamide combination group using intervention (odds ratio 1.43; 95% CI 1.20, 1.71; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Regarding IOP reduction in POAG and OHT patients, brinzolamide combination therapy is more effective but less safe than control treatment, which diverse among types of combined medications. Thus, more individualized therapy should be applied in real-world practice.

• BLOOD RESEARCH
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2018

Background Primary ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (POML) is the most common subtype of lymphoma involving the eyes in Thailand. We sought to assess the characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with POML in Thailand. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patient data and included patients diagnosed with POML between January 2004 and December 2016 at Chiang Mai University Hospital and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand. We collected and analyzed patients' clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Results Among 146 patients with lymphoma involving the eyes, 121 (82%) were diagnosed with POML. Sixty-four (52.9%) were women with median age 58 (range, 22-86) years. The most common presenting symptom was orbital mass (71.1%). Common sites of origin were the orbit (46.3%) and lacrimal gland (34.7%). At presentation, 22.3% of patients had bilateral eye involvement. About half of patients had stage I disease (N=59, 56.2%) and 20% had stage IV. Most patients (73.3%) had a low-risk International Prognostic Index. Radiotherapy was the main treatment for patients with limited-stage disease (66.7% in stage I and 56.5% in stage II). The overall response rate was 100% with complete response rates 80%, 77.3%, and 64.7% for stages I, II, and IV, respectively. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 66.1% and 94.0%, respectively. For patients with limited-stage disease, radiotherapy significantly improved PFS compared with treatment not involving radiotherapy (5-year PFS 89.9% vs. 37.3%, P=0.01). Conclusion We revealed that POML has good response to treatment, especially radiotherapy, with excellent long-term outcome.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.676-682
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• 2021

Background: Red ginseng has been found to improve ocular perfusion and dry eye syndrome in glaucomatous eyes; however, its effects on visual function and vision-related quality of life have not been investigated. This study sought to evaluate the effects of red ginseng on visual function and vision-related quality of life in glaucoma patients using contrast sensitivity and a questionnaire. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to two groups in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study: in one group, red ginseng was taken first, followed by a placebo, and in the other, placebo was taken first, followed by red ginseng. We measured and compared changes in contrast sensitivity and vision-related quality of life between the two groups. Contrast sensitivity was measured using OPTEC® 6500P, and vision-related quality of life was evaluated using the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. One-way and two-way repeated measure analyses of variance were used for the comparison. Relationships between respective changes in dry eye syndrome and contrast sensitivity were also analyzed. Results: Daytime contrast sensitivity and ocular pain improved after the administration of red ginseng. Nighttime contrast sensitivity was improved in early or moderate glaucoma. Improved contrast sensitivity was not associated with improvement in dry eye syndrome. Conclusion: Red ginseng could improve contrast sensitivity and ocular pain in patients with glaucoma. The mechanism underlying improvement in contrast sensitivity appears to be associated with enhanced retinal perfusion or retinal ganglion cell function, but not dry eye syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1594-1599
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• 2022

Purpose. To investigate the relationship between changes in eye temperature and eye fatigue according to smartphone usage time. Methods. 15 adults in their 20s were asked to watch a smartphone, and the ocular surface temperature was measured 5 times each using a non-contact infrared thermometer every 10 minutes, and the change was observed. Result. The ocular surface temperature was 36.40℃ at the center of the cornea before watching the smartphone, but increased by 0.19℃ to 36.59℃ after watching the smartphone (SD 36.50±0.10). In addition, in the case of the sclera, it was found that the increase was 0.1℃ from 36.48℃ before viewing to 36.58℃ after viewing (SD 36.53±0.05). Conclusion. It was found that there is a close relationship between smartphone use and changes in eye temperature. In the future, it is thought that the ocular surface temperature can be used as basic data to objectively evaluate eye fatigue.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.10.1-10.12
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• 2022

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) cannot be diagnosed by a single test because it is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface. Although studies on various dry eye tests (DETs) in dogs have been reported, standard criteria have not been established except for the Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1). Objectives: To establish reference values for DETs in dogs with normal STT-1 values (≥ 15 mm/min) and to analyze the correlation between DETs. Methods: The STT-1 was performed in 10 healthy Beagle dogs (20 eyes). After 20 min, interferometry (IF) for estimating the lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film, tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), and meibomian gland loss rate of the upper eyelid (MGLRU) and lower eyelid (MGLRL), were measured using an ocular surface analyzer. Results: Mean values for STT-1, TMH, and NIBUT were as follows: 21.7 ± 3.4 mm/min, 0.41 ± 0.21 mm, and 19.1 ± 9.5 sec, respectively. The most frequent LLT range, measured by IF, was 30-80 nm (11 eyes), followed by 80 nm (5 eyes) and 80-140 nm (4 eyes). MGLRU ≤ 25% was measured in 11 eyes and 26%-50% in 9 eyes; MGLRL ≤ 25% in 8 eyes and 26%-50% in 12 eyes. Besides positive correlation between TMH and NIBUT (P = 0.038), there were no significant associations between DETs. Conclusions: Data obtained in this study provided normative references that could be useful for diagnosing DED and for further research into correlation between DETs in dogs with DED.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2015

■ Objectives The purpose of this clinical study is to evaluate the effect of Traditional Korean Medicine(KM) on a patient with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. ■ Methods We treated a 58 years old male patien t with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome who had several clinical symptoms such as ocular pain, limitaion of ocular movement and unilateral ptosis. We used herbal medication, acupuncture, electro-acupuncture(EA), cupping, moxibustion, bee-venom injection. Then we evaluated the improvement by Numerical Rating scale(NRS), Distance of eye opening and ratio of pupil movement. ■ Results We demonstrated the decrease of pain score and improvement of equal ocular movement(EOM) and ptosis after the KM treatment. ■ Conclusion This study proved the effect of KM treatment on Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. It could cooperative treatment would be more effective than mono treatment of western medicine.