• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.387-401
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• 2010

Purpose: The work of Dental technician which is part of national dental health, is more specialized recently. This research provides fundamental data from analyzing student's career consciousness according to needs of a career education. Here is the conclusion of the analysis about student's career consciousness, that is for a right choice of career. Methods: This study did questionnaire to a dental Laboratory Technology student who locate in Taegu. Question response student number was 570 people. Response contents analyzed to 506 people except imperfect questionnaire. Data used windows sas 8.0 program and did descriptive statistical analysis. Results: There is a meaningful difference in what they want to know about an occupation according to ages. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) All ages are similar to their occupational thinking, however they who are under twenties consider working environment. Most motives of an entrance are similar, there is a meaningful difference. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) According to a grade of college, there is a meaningful difference how to obtain informations of a career. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) Sophomores and juniors obtain information from seniors or family, however freshmen obtain from the internet because of an accessibility. There is a meaningful difference of a job meaning between men and women. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) Men are working for a means of living. But women give weight to a self-development. The older they grow, the more they know about their aptitude. Selecting subjects are different choosing time & motive. According to ages and where they are from, there is a meaningful difference how much know about their aptitude. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) Older Students know more than young students. Selecting subjects are different choosing time & motive. In accordance with a grade, ages, and where they are from, there are different degrees about how much know their interests. There is a meaningful difference of a choosing major period and choosing informations. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) And also there is a meaningful difference where they are from and why they enter to College. (${\rho}$ < 0.001) In accordance with a grade, ages, and where they are from, there are different degrees about how much know their aptitude. There is a meaningful difference of a choosing major period. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) And also there is a meaningful difference why they enter to College. (${\rho}$ < 0.001) Conclusion: Although we know that a career education is very important, however lots of students select a career without their aptitude & interest & character. We need to teach a career education systematically; considering students career consciousness, with a proper career guidance, cultivating career consciousness.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

Field trials evaluating selected commercially available mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, and/or octenol were conducted from 18-27 September 2000 in a malarious area near Paekyeon-ri (Tongil-Chon) and Camp Greaves in Paju County, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea. The host-seeking activity for common mosquito species, including the primary vector of Japanese encephalitis, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles. was determined using hourly aspirator collections from a human and propane lantern-baited Shannon trap doting hours when temperatures exceeded $15^{\circ}C$. The total number of mosquitoes and number of each species captured during the test was compared using a block design. Significant differences were observed for the total number of mosquitoes collected, such that, the Mosquito MagnetTM with octenol > Shannon trap > ABC light trap with light and dry ice > Miniature Black Light trap (manufactured by John W. Hock) $\geq$ New Jersey Trap > ABC light trap with light only. Significant differences in numbers collected among trapes were noted for several species including: Aedes vexans (Meigen), Anopheles lesteri Baisas and Hu. An. sinensis Weidemann, An. sineroides Yamada, An. yatsushiroensis Miyazaki. Culex pipiens pallets Coquillett L., Cx. orientalis Edwards and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Host-seeking activity for most common species showed a similar bimodal pattern. Results from these field trap evaluations can significantly enhance current vector and disease surveillance efforts especially for the primary vector of Japanese encephalitis, Cx. tritaeniorhunchus.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2015

목적 : 본 연구는 이동에 제한이 있는 장애아동을 대상으로 한 전동휠체어 적용 시 고려해야할 지침과 적용 성과의 표현에 포함되는 요소를 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 연구방법 : 2000년 이후 2014년까지 게재된 국 내외 논문을 검색하여 1차 검색된 38편의 논문 중 포함준거에 따라 체계적 문헌연구 2편을 핵심 논문으로 선정하였다. 1차 검색 및 핵심 논문 2편에 고찰대상으로 포함된 18편의 논문 전문을 검토하여 성과 요소를 추출하고, 이를 ICF에 따라 분류하였다. 논문 검색에는 연세대학교 학술정보원의 원문정보서비스와 구글 학술검색을 이용하였다. 또한 아동 대상의 전동휠체어 적용 지침을 알아보기 위한 문헌 2편을 추가로 검토하였다. 결과 : 본 연구에서 지침을 포함하여 고찰한 문헌 19편은 모두 해외 문헌이었다. 이 문헌들은 공통적으로 장애아동에게 전동휠체어를 적용 시 다양한 이점이 있으며 발달 저해 등의 우려는 잘못된 것이라고 지적하고 있었다. 또한 적용 전 확인해야할 장애 아동 및 부모의 특성, 환경적 지원 등을 규정하면서 지침에 따라 성공적인 전동휠체어 적용을 권고하였다. 또한 각 문헌에서 장애아동을 대상으로 한 전동휠체어 적용성과를 표현하기 위해 사용된 도구와 변수를 ICF의 각 요소로 분류한 결과 참여 수준의 성과를 주로 다루고 있었다. 결론 : 독립적 이동이 제한된 장애아동에게 전동휠체어는 유용한 이동 수단이며 전동휠체어의 조기 적용은 정상적인 발달과 참여를 위해 중요한 전략이다. 따라서 장애아동 뿐 아니라 아동 주변의 사람과 환경을 포함한 맥락적 접근이 필요하며 법 제도적, 사회적 노력이 병행되어야 한다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.87-108
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• 2014

항공기 승객을 포함하여 소위 악성소비자에 의한 감정노동자의 피해는 소비자의 권한 남용이 노동자의 인권을 침해할 가능성이 많다는 이유로 심각한 사회 문제가 되고 있다. 감정노동은 공개적으로 얼굴과 신체를 나타내며 만들어 내는 감정 조절의 한 형태이며, 또한 노동자에 의한 감정의 관리가 시장에서 교환될 수 있는 상황을 만들어내는 직업에서의 감정의 관리에 해당한다. 감정노동을 요구하는 직업의 예로서 간호사, 의사, 대기 직원 및 TV 배우 등을 들 수 있다. 그러나 경제가 제조업으로부터 서비스업으로 이동함에 따라 더 많은 노동자들이 다양한 서비스의 직업 환경에 처해 있는데 과거에 비해 고용주의 요구에 따라 그들의 감정을 관리하도록 요구받고 있다. 감정노동으로부터 오는 증상의 하나는 소위 스마일증후군인데 마코토 나츠메교수는 노동자가 계속되는 부자연한 웃음의 결과로 우울증과 신체적 질병을 발전하게 된다고 주장한다. 직장에서의 심한 정도의 감정 통제는 종사자의 심한 정도의 감정 고갈 및 낮은 수준의 직업 만족도로 연결되어진다. 대부분의 경우, 감정노동자는 구매한 상품 및 서비스와 관련하여 공급자에게 대하여 불만을 제기하여 악의적으로 보상을 받으려는 악성소비자에 의한 권리 남용으로 상처를 받고 있다. 이러한 배경 하에서 한국 정부는 "소비자보호법"을 폐기하고 2006년 "소비자기본법"을 제정하였는데, 소비자는 보호를 받기도 하지만 동시에 의무와 책임을 가질 것을 규정하고 있다. "항공안전 및 보안에 관한법률"은 항공기 승객이 여행 중에 기내난동 등 금지되는 행위를 예시하고 있다. 또한 감정노동자의 인권은 예절과 품격 및 근로 환경의 문화적인 향상이 이루어질 때 더욱 보호될 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3243-3254
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• 2013

It is well known that increased incidences of lung, skin, and bladder cancers are associated with occupational exposure to PAHs. Animal studies show that certain PAHs also can affect the hematopoietic and immune systems and can produce reproductive, neurologic, and developmental effects. As a consequence, several studies have been attempted to investigate the fate of PAHs in atmospheric environment during the past decades. However, there is still a lack of information in regard to the atmospheric concentration of PAHs during the "Bon Fire Night". In this study, twenty-three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and twenty-eight aliphatics were identified and quantified in the $PM_{10}$ and vapour range in Birmingham ($27^{th}$ November 2001-$19^{th}$ January 2004). The measured concentrations of total particulate and vapour (P+V) PAHs were consistently higher at the BROS in both winter and summer. Arithmetic mean total (P+V) PAH concentrations were $51.04{\pm}47.62$ ng $m^{-3}$ and $22.30{\pm}19.18$ ng $m^{-3}$ at the Bristol Road Observatory Site (BROS) and Elms Road Observatory Site (EROS) respectively. In addition arithmetic mean total (P+V) B[a]P concentrations at the BROS were $0.47{\pm}0.39$ ng $m^{-3}$ which exceeded the EPAQS air quality standard of 0.25 ng $m^{-3}$. On the other hand, the arithmetic mean total (P+V) aliphatics were $81.80{\pm}69.58$ ng $m^{-3}$ and $48.00{\pm}35.38$ ng $m^{-3}$ at the BROS and EROS in that order. The lowest average of CPI and $C_{max}$ measured at the BROS supports the idea of traffic emissions being a principle source of SVOCs in an urban atmosphere. The annual trend of PAHs was investigated by using an independent t-test and oneway independent ANOVA analysis. Generally, there is no evidence of a significant decline of heavier MW PAHs from the two data sets, with only Ac, Fl, Ph, An, 2-MePh, 1+9-MePh, Fluo and B[b+j+k]F showing a statistically significant decline (p<0.05). A further attempt for statistical analysis had been conducted by dividing the data set into three groups (i.e. 2000, 2001-2002 and 2003-2004). For lighter MW compounds a significant level of decline was observed by using one-way independent ANOVA analysis. Since the annual mean of $O_3$ measured in Birmingham City Centre from 2001 to 2004 increased significantly (p<0.05), it may be possible to attribute the annul reduction of more volatile PAHs to the enhanced level of annual average $O_3$. By contrast, the heavier MW PAHs measured at the BROS did not show any significant annual reduction, implying the difficulties of 5- and 6-ring PAHs to be subject to photochemical decomposition. The deviation of SVOCs profile measured at the EROS was visually confirmed during the "Bonfire Night" festival closest to the $6^{th}$ November 2003. In this study, the atmospheric PAH concentrations were generally elevated on this day with concentrations of Fl, Ac, B[a]A, B[b+j+k]F, Ind and B[g,h,i]P being particularly high.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.530-540
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• 2020

생태순간평가(Ecological momentary assessment)는 대상자의 현재 경험과 행동을 일상생활 환경에서 실시간으로 반복 측정하는 연구방법으로 수집된 자료를 통해 시간과 맥락에 따른 경험과 행동의 변화를 알 수 있다. Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS)는 순간 스트레스를 측정하기 위한 도구로써 대상자가 일상생활에서 경험하는 스트레스를 측정할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 축약형 TICS를 한국판으로 번역 후 생태순간평가를 적용하여 수집된 자료로 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하고자 함이다. 연구대상은 수도권 지역에 위치한 경찰서, 지구대에 근무하는 89명의 경찰 공무원으로 본 연구를 위해 개발된 순간 스트레스 측정 애플리케이션을 대상자 소지의 스마트폰에 설치하도록 하였다. 자료 수집은 1명의 대상자당 총 7일간 하루 4번 순간 스트레스 설문을 통해 수집하였고, 자료 분석은 수집된 총 1163회의 순간 설문 자료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 타당도 검증은 전문가 타당도 분석, 확인적 요인 분석, 한국인 직무 스트레스 점수와 상관관계 분석으로 하였고 신뢰도 검증은 Cronbach's α 값을 확인하였다. 연구 결과 순간 스트레스 측정 도구의 타당도와 내적 일관성 신뢰도는 도구로 활용하기 적합한 수준이었다(I-CVI=.83-1, RMSEA=.104, SRMR=.104, CFI=.948, TLI=.919, Cronbach's α =.839). 따라서 본 도구는 대상자의 순간 스트레스 측정에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.469-484
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• 2017

방사선사는 사람의 생명을 대상으로 하므로 전문적인 직무역량(job competency)이 요구된다. 그럼에도 현재 한국에서는 방사선사의 직무역량을 밝히고 있는 연구가 이루어진 바 없다. 이에 한국 방사선사의 핵심 직무역량 지표를 정의하고 역량군별 요인모델을 제시하고자 방사선사 직무역량에 대한 설문을 실시하여 최종 147명의 응답내용을 취합하였다. 응답 내용은 PASW Statistics Version 18.0와 AMOS Version 18.0을 이용하여 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 요인분석 결과 전문직업성', '환자관리', '건강 및 안전', '장비의 운영', '절차와 관리'의 5개 핵심 직무역량군과 17개의 하위 역량으로 구성된 모델을 구성하였다. 5개 핵심 직무역량군의 측정 모델 RMSEA 값은 0.1, CFI와 TLI 값이 0.9에 근사하게 나타나 양호한 적합도를 보였으며, 타당도 분석 결과 평균분산추출 값 0.5이상, 개념신뢰도 값 0.7이상으로 각 하위 역량에 포함된 세부 항목 간에 상관관계도 높게 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과는 한국의 의료 환경에서 방사선사에게 요구되는 직무역량을 명확히 제시하여 역량 중심의 인적 자원 양성과 관리에 필요한 구체적인 정보를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2005

Objective : This study examined the socioeconomic differentials for the health and health related behaviors among South Korean middle school students. Methods : A nationwide cross-sectional interview survey of 3,449 middle school second-grade students and their parents was conducted using a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. The response rate was 93.3%. The socioeconomic position indicators were based on self-reported information from the students and their parents: parental education, father's occupational class, monthly family income, out-of-pocket expenditure for education, housing ownership, educational expectations, educational performance and the perceived economic hardships. The outcome variables that were measured were also based on the self-reported information from the students. The health measures included self-rated health conditions, psychological or mental problems, the feelings of loneliness at school, the overall satisfaction of life and the perceived level of stress. The health related behaviors included were smoking, alcohol drinking, sexual intercourse, violence, bullying and verbal and physical abuse by parents. Results : Socioeconomic differences for the health and health related behaviors were found among the eighth grade boys and girls of South Korea. However, the pattern varied with gender, the socioeconomic position indicators and the outcome measures. The prevalence rates of the overall dissatisfaction with life for both genders differed according to most of the eight socioeconomic position indicators. All the health measures were significantly different according to the perceived economic hardship. However, the socioeconomic differences in the self-rated health conditions and the psychosocial or mental problems were not clear. The students having higher socioeconomic position tended to be a perpetrator of bullying while those students with lower socioeconomic position were more likely to be a victim. Conclusions : The perceived economic hardships predicted the health status among the eighth graders of South Korea. The overall satisfaction of life was associated with the socioeconomic position indicators. Further research efforts are needed to explore the mechanisms on how and why the socioeconomic position affects the health and health related behaviors in this age group.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.550-561
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the improvement of the working environment for health prevention and related countermeasures for shift workers. This study was conducted based on the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), which analyzed the health effects of shift work forces and compared them with preceding studies. Methods: By analyzing secondary rates using raw data from the 5th KWCS, 4,870 (9.7%) of the 50,184 total study subjects were divided into shift work and 45,314 (90.3%) non-shift work groups based on the response to shift status. Variables that could affect work health issues were identified and corrected. A cross-analysis was conducted to examine demographic characteristics (gender, age, and education level) of the workers and occupation characteristics (monthly net earnings, employment type, occupation, working period up to now, workplace scale, type of work system, and weekly working hours). In order to find the work health issue ratio between the shift and non-shift work groups, logistic regression was analyzed and the association with health problems according to shift type by gender was looked at through cross-analysis. Results: According to the surveys conducted from the 1st KWCS (2006) to the 5th KWCS (2017), the proportion of shift workers continued to increase. Also, muscular pains in the lower limbs (hips, legs, knees, feet, etc.) (OR=1.135, 95%CI 1.031-1.251), headaches, eyestrain (OR=1.580, 95% CI 1.428-1.748), anxiety (OR=1.715, 95% CI 1.402-2.099), difficulty falling asleep (OR=1.391), and other problems (OR=7.392) were reported. In addition, back pain, muscular pains in shoulders, neck and/or upper limbs, muscular pains in lower limbs (hips, legs, knees, feet, etc.), headaches, eyestrain, depression, anxiety, overall fatigue resulted in significant results for both male and female shift workers. Depression and anxiety were higher in female shift/circulation compared to males. Conclusions: The social nets for the health and safety of shift workers should be explored in a variety of ways, including management and supervision of shift sites, attempts to reorganize and improve the shift system, development of workers' health recovery programs, promotion, systematic treatment, and compensation systems.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.464-476
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the exposure levels of tollbooth workers to diesel particulate matter using black carbon (BC) and to find the correlations among variables associated with BC using the motor vehicle management act regulated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Methods: This study was performed over 14 days at a university in Seoul. BC levels were monitored using an aethalometer and were conducted around the breathing zones of the workers. There were three sampling locations: inside the tollbooth (front gate and rear gate) and an office as a control group. T-test, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS. Results: The geometric mean (GM) of BC_30min concentrations in the exposure group was 2.44 ㎍/㎥, approximately 1.4 times higher than the control group (1.75 ㎍/㎥). The GM of BC_30min concentrations was 2.75 ㎍/㎥ during the heavy traffic time (9-10 am) and 2.30 ㎍/㎥ during non-heavy traffic times (p<0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis shows that the number of all types of vehicles and PM_2.5 concentrations in the atmosphere were factors increasing the GM of BC(ln(BC_30min)) concentrations (adjusted R²=0.42, p<0.001). The workers were constantly exposed to low concentrations (GM of BC_30min=2.44 ㎍/㎥), but they were exposed to peak concentrations instantly (BC_10sec=3545.04 ㎍/㎥). When the GM of BC_30min concentrations was momentarily represented as high, it was identified that a vehicle mainly using diesel fuel or an aging vehicle had passed. Conclusions: A ventilation system should be installed in the closed tollbooth or aging vehicles should be controlled so as not to pass tollbooths.