• 한국습지학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.94-104
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• 2018

강우-유출 모의를 수행할 때 기상 및 강우관측소의 자료를 이용하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 유역면적이 클 경우 기상 및 강우관측소의 자료만으로 신뢰성 있는 유출량을 산정하기란 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이용되는 강우자료에 따라 준분포형 모형에 의해 산정되는 유출량에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 대상유역에 위치하고 있는 기상관측소의 강우자료, 기상 및 강우관측소의 강우자료, 크리깅 기법에 의해 기상 및 강우관측소의 강우자료를 공간적으로 분포시켜 얻은 가상지점의 관측 강우자료를 이용해 각 소유역의 면적 강우량을 산정하였다. 또한 각각의 강우자료들을 비교하였으며, 분포형 모형인 SWAT모형을 이용하여 각각의 강우자료에 따른 유출량을 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구는 공간 분포된 면적강우량을 이용해 산정된 유출량의 정확성을 검토하기 위한 것으로써 분석 결과, 공간 분포된 면적 강우량을 이용한 유출량이 기상 및 강우관측소의 강우량을 이용한 유출량보다 실제 유출량을 보다 더 잘 모의하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 공간 분포된 강우가 실제 강우패턴을 가장 잘 반영한다고 할 수 있다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the effect of Korean medicine treatments on pain reduction and range of motion recovery in patients with proximal tibia fractures. Methods We studied 15 patients who had been diagnosed as proximal tibia fracture. This study was conducted as retrospective observational study which analyzed patient's medical records with IBM SPSS statistics 25 program. We used numeric rating scale to evaluate pain reduction and range of motion to observe the patient's recovery. Results The average of numeric rating scale reduced statistically significantly from 5.26±1.38 to 2.73±1.17 (p<0.001). The average of knee flexion range of motion increased statistically significantly from 81.11±34.34 to 117.66±19.01 (p<0.01). Conclusions We found that Korean medicine treatments have a positive effect on pain reduction and knee rom improvement in patients with proximal tibia fractures.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of action observational physical training (AOPT) on manual dexterity and corticomotor facilitation in stroke patients. Ten hemiparetic patients participated in this study. Each subject was asked to participate the three conditions; base condition (Base), physical training (PT), AOPT. Participants were asked to observe the action in the video that a therapist moved the blocks during the AOPT conditions. Corticomotor facilitation was determined in three conditions by monitoring changes in the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited in hand muscles by transcranial magnetic stimulation. MEP responses were measured from the first dorsal interosseous after participants attended to three conditions. For the manual dexterity, Box and Block test (BBT) was used. The results of present study were summarized as follows: MEPs amplitude significantly tended to be larger than PT and Base condition. The scores of BBT in the AOPT condition were also significantly larger than other conditions. In conclusion, this finding of present study indicates that physical training for observation of an action is beneficial for enhancing a dexterity of paretic arm in stroke patients.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.169-186
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• 2009

본 연구는 사회조사에서 무응답으로 인한 편향을 축소하는 방안으로 성향점수를 이용하는 방법과 사례를 설명하기 위해서 성향점수 방법의 이론적인 개념과 배경을 정리하였다. 또한 성향점수 방법을 처음으로 적용한 역학적인 관찰연구에서 성향점수 모형의 정의와 이론적 배경을 살펴보았고 추정에서 편향의 축소방법으로 이용되는 가지 성향점수 방법을 정리하였다. 성향점수로 짝짓기는 통제그룹의 데이터가 상대적으로 많을 경우에 이용되고 부차분류법은 통제그룹의 모든 데이터를 이용할 수 있으며 회귀모형을 이용한 보정은 다중공변량에서도 사용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 각 관찰단위에 성향점수 값을 산출하여 사용할 수 있는 특징이 있다. 그리고 사회여론조사에서 항목무응답으로 인한 편향을 축소하는 데 성향점수 가중법을 적용하는 절차를 제안하고 기존의 데이터를 이용하여 실제 적용에 대한 가능성을 검토하였다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.109-125
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• 2019

Few studies have utilized observational methods in the field of couple research even though using self-report questionnaires is prone to the subjective biases of the reporter. This study validates the Marital Interaction Coding System-Global (MICS-G), a global version of the well-established microanalytic observational coding system, Marital Interaction Coding System (MICS). Participants in the study consisted of 30 married couples with varied levels of marital adjustment who visited one of the Healthy Family and Multicultural Family Support Centers in Seoul, either for couple therapy or the "Marriage Checkup"program. Ten-minute problem-solving discussions were rated by two undergraduate student raters who were trained for 10 hours. Interobserver agreement based on percentage agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients showed a high level of agreement between raters in establishing interrater reliability. Convergent validity was established by: correlations among marital adjustment, psychological aggression, mental health, and MICS-G categories of conflicts, validation, invalidation, facilitation, and withdrawal. MICS-G categories also were successful in discriminating between distressed and nondistressed couples, which provides evidence of discriminant validity for MICS-G. This study showed that MICS-G is a promising method for researchers to observe couple interactions in a more cost-effective way. Methodological issues and practical applications are also discussed.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2022

Purpose: There is a strong correlation between trauma and pain. Pain increases the rate of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and even mortality in trauma patients. Methods: This institution-based, provider-blinded and patient-blinded, observational study was conducted among trauma patients treated at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Over the course of 3 months, this study included patients who had no prior pain management at other hospitals before presentation, and who presented within 24 hours of the traumatic event. Results: Of the 74 patients evaluated, none of the patients had their pain level scored. The researcher-provided pain scale showed a severe subjective pain score for 79.7% of the patients and a severe functional activity score for 59.5% of the patients. Analgesia was provided at an average of 55.4 minutes after presentation and all patients received either diclofenac or tramadol. Satisfactory pain reduction after analgesia was 28.8% for patients initially complaining of severe pain, 54.6% for moderate pain, and 66.7% for mild pain, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). Forty percent of patients discharged home received no analgesia after the first dose provided upon presentation. Conclusions: Pain scoring was nonexistent during the course of the study. The poor utilization rate of analgesia combination and opioids led to unsatisfactory pain outcomes in patients evaluated and followed for 24 hours after presentation.

• 셀메드
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.10.1-10.12
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Sharbat Afsantin in Polycystic Ovarian Disease. Methods: An open observational study was carried out in the Department of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan. Diagnosed cases(n=30) of PCOD were included in the study. Patients with thyroid dysfunction, systemic diseases, on hormonal treatment in last three months, pregnancy and lactation were excluded. Research drug (Sharbat Afsantin) was administered orally in a dose of 25ml twice daily for 15 days/cycle for three consecutive cycles. Outcome measures were, changes in subjective parameters (duration of cycle, duration and amount of flow and weight reduction) and objective parameters {pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score, basal metabolic index (BMI), modified Ferriman Gallwey (mFG) score, acanthosis nigricans scale and pelvic ultrasonography}. Data were analyzed using paired Student 't' test. Results: Changes in duration of cycle, duration and amount of flow were achieved in 83.3%, 50% and 40% patients respectively and weight reduction in 30% patients. Changes in PBAC score and BMI were achieved in 50% and 30% patients respectively and 30% patients showed normal findings on pelvic ultrasonography. Conclusion: Sharbat Afsantin can be used as an alternate remedy in PCOD patients, as it has significant effect to regularize menstruation by reduction in BMI and probably by improving insulin resistance in PCOD. No adverse effect of Sharbat Afsantin was noted during the trial.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2012

Data from clinical studies are needed for psychiatrists to make quick and scientific decisions based on the best available evidence in clinical settings. Various methods of clinical studies are useful for clinicians to have reliable answers to unmet clinical needs. Although randomized controlled trials may provide high-quality information about major issues, well-designed, naturalistic and observational studies often give us unbiased explanation for real-world phenomena. Adequate selection of clinical variables and appropriate number of participants are key factors of well-designed clinical studies. Statistical methods can add an extra dimension to initial design of clinical studies. Given ethical issues in clinical studies on psychiatric disorders, special regards should be paid to participants' ability to provide informed consents. New strategies of clinical studies need to be developed to meet clinical needs and protect the rights and welfare of study participants.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2016

PURPOSES : Permitted left turn is a turning maneuver in which a vehicle turns left using a gap between oncoming vehicles, called gap acceptance, and it enables for more efficient traffic operation at intersections. In Korea, the permitted left turn has not been a common maneuver at signalized or un-signalized intersections. However, many experts and the Police Agency tried to apply this effective turning maneuver at intersections in Korea since 2010. Though the investigation of gap acceptance is significantly important in understanding a driver's behavior at intersections, there have not been many studies about this topic, specifically a study to develop probability models of gap acceptance behavior. METHODS : In this study, the probability model of gap acceptance behavior for a permitted left turn was developed based on observational field studies. To develop the model, seven variables were analyzed including gap, waiting time, traffic volume, conflict-flow vehicle type, left-turning vehicle type, the number of lane, and time. RESULTS : In the final model, gap and left-turning vehicle type were found to be significant influencing factors. CONCLUSIONS : Through this model development, it was concluded that as the gap size increased, the probability of gap acceptance was higher. Moreover, when a left-turning vehicle was a passenger car, the probability of gap acceptance was higher than compared to large size buses or freight cars.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.152-168
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• 2020

The propensity score matching method is a statistical method used to reduce selection bias in observational studies and to show effects similar to random allocation. There are many observational studies in dentistry research, and differences in baseline covariates between the control and case groups affect the outcome. In order to reduce the bias due to confounding variables, the propensity scores are used by equating groups based on the baseline covariates. This method is effective, especially when there are many covariates or the sample size is small. In this paper, the propensity score matching method was explained in a simple way with a dental example by using R software. This simulated data were obtained from one of retrospective study. The control group and the case group were matched according to the propensity score and compared before and after treatment. The propensity score matching method could be an alternative to compensate for the disadvantage of the observation study by reducing the bias based on the covariates with the propensity score.