• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제64권10호
• /
• pp.497-503
• /
• 2021

Reading disability (dyslexia) refers to an unexpected difficulty with reading for an individual who has the intelligence to be a much better reader. Dyslexia is most commonly caused by a difficulty in phonological processing (the appreciation of the individual sounds of spoken language), which affects the ability of an individual to speak, read, and spell. In this paper, I describe reading disabilities by focusing on their underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Neurobiological studies using functional brain imaging have uncovered the reading pathways, brain regions involved in reading, and neurobiological abnormalities of dyslexia. The reading pathway is in the order of visual analysis, letter recognition, word recognition, meaning (semantics), phonological processing, and speech production. According to functional neuroimaging studies, the important areas of the brain related to reading include the inferior frontal cortex (Broca's area), the midtemporal lobe region, the inferior parieto-temporal area, and the left occipitotemporal region (visual word form area). Interventions for dyslexia can affect reading ability by causing changes in brain function and structure. An accurate diagnosis and timely specialized intervention are important in children with dyslexia. In cases in which national infant development screening tests have been conducted, as in Korea, if language developmental delay and early predictors of dyslexia are detected, careful observation of the progression to dyslexia and early intervention should be made.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2022

PURPOSE: A gait assessment is an important component of the rehabilitation process, and observational gait assessment (OGA) is used routinely in clinical settings. This study examined the association of OGA tools with the independent walking ability in stroke patients to determine a cutoff value of the OGA tool according to independence levels of stroke patient gait. METHODS: Two hundred ten hemiparetic stroke patients participated in the study. The independence of gait was identified using the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) classifications. The walking ability was assessed using OGA tools (Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment [RVGA], Wisconsin Gait Scale [WGS], Tinetti Gait Scale [TGS], and Functional Gait Analysis [FGA]). RESULTS: Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that among the OGA tools, the FGA correlated with the FAC. The FGA explained approximately 77% of the variance in FAC. In distinguishing the independence levels, the cutoff values were as follows: between FAC 1 and FAC 0 was .5 points; between FAC 2 and lower levels, 5.5; between FAC 3 and lower levels, 11.5; between FAC 4 and lower levels, 14.5; and between FAC 5 and lower levels, 18.5. Items 1, 2, 3, and 10 were identified as explaining most of the variance in the FGA in the stepwise multiple regression. CONCLUSION: The present study found that the FGA is an assessment tool related to the level of gait independence after stroke. Furthermore, the FGA total score can serve as an index of the increase in independence level after stroke.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.807-823
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of storytelling-centered arts educational activities based on the famous painting appreciation on young children's appreciation ability of pictures and creativity. The study was conducted with a total of 50 5-year-old young children in two classes of B Day Care Center in the city of J, Jeollabukdo. The children were randomly divided into an experimental group(25) and a control group(25). The storytelling-centered arts educational activities based on the famous painting appreciation was conducted for the experimental group for 12 weeks from April 29, 2013 to July 19, 2013. The activities were composed of 3 steps of 'appreciation-expression-exhibition & assessment' on the basis of 2-week basic units. The appreciation activities were composed basing upon the types of the famous painting appreciation and storytelling, and expression and exhibition & assessment activities were composed of 4 areas of arts(music/movement/language/art). The results of the study are as follows. First, the storytelling-centered arts educational activities based on the famous painting appreciation generally improved young children's painting appreciation abilities in all sub-areas(observation and description/artist's intention of subject expression/mood of a work/material and technique/artistic factors/attitude to the work). Second, the storytelling-centered arts educational activities based on the famous painting appreciation generally improved young children's creativities in all sub-areas(originality/fluency/flexibility/imagination).

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 2000

Wettability of addition silicone impression material is very important property for making an accurate restoration. This study examined the impression quality in clinical condition and the wettability of impression and die material. Four commercially available addition silicone impression material (Express, Examix, Contrast, Perfect) and three die materials (Die-Keen, Vel-Mix, Fuji-Rock) were studied. A total of 50 putty/wash and heavy body/wash impressions of wet intact permanent molar teeth were examined for definition of the gingival sulcus reproduction and then classified in quality ranking. The percentage of the sulcus reproduction ability of each material was calculated from the sulcus depths of cross-sectioned epoxy resin casts from the impressions and clinically measured sulcus depths, The same impression materials were used to produce 3 groups of die stone casts form void entrapment die had been exposed to milk. Voids in the impression body and stone casts ere counted under a stereoscopic microscope. From the experiment, the following results were obtained : 1. Sulcus reproduction ability of additional silicone impression material were diminished in order of Express, Examix, Perfect, Contrast. The significant difference was found between Perfect and other material. Heavy body/wash combination was superior In putty/wash method n Perfect impression material. 2. In direct observation, Contrast showed least void in impression body but correlations ere not found between sulcus reproduction and void production. 3. In void entrapment laboratory test, wettability were diminished in order of Examix, Contrast, Express, Perfect. Clinical impression recording seems not to correlate with laboratory test. 4. The wettability of die material to impression material was not different in Express, Examix, Contrast. But, in Perfect, Die-Keen had superior wettability to others.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.307-315
• /
• 2001

The application of Nd:YAG laser and irrigants to the root surface can change its surface configurations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Nd:YAG laser and irrigants on the apical seal of obturated canals. In this study, 66 single rooted teeth were randomly assigned to 4 group of 14 teeth each. 8 teeth were served us positive and negative controls. The teeth were divided into 6 groups as follows. Group A: Nd:YAG laser, 5% NaOCl + Rc-prep Group B: Nd:YAG laser, Saline Group C: 5% NaOCl + Rc-prep Group D: Saline Group E: Positive control Group F: Negative control 66 teeth were instrumented using Maillefer ProFile$^{\circledR}$ (Orifice Shapers, .04 taper, .06 taper Dentsply, Switzerland). Two of each group were selected at random, and the canal wall surfaces were examined under a SEM. 12 teeth of each group were obturated using by lateral condensation technique. Specimens were immersed in india ink for 7days, decalcified by 10% nitric acid, dehydrated by 75. 80. 85, 90, 95 and 100% alcohol in order cleared by methyl salicylate and then measured of dye penetration with stereomicroscope($\times$15 magnification) and Image Pro plus. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA test and Duncan's Multiple Range test. The results were as follows : 1. The mean leakage was 0.128$\pm$0.376 for group A, 0.237$\pm$0.325 for group B, 0.397$\pm$0.468 for group C, 0.586$\pm$0.402 for group D, and there were statistically significant differences between group A and group D, group B and group D. (p<0.05). 2. Group A had better sealing ability than Group C, but there was statistically no significant differences. (p>0.05). 3. Group B had better sealing ability than Group D and there was statistically significant difference. (p<0.05). 4 Group A had better sealing ability than Group B, but there was statistically no significant difference. (p>0.05). 5. Group C had better sealing ability than Group D, but there was statistically no significant difference. (p>0.05). 6. As a result of observation under SEM, Smear layers were removed in Group A, B. but Smear layers were partially removed and smear plugs were remained in Group C, Smear layers were not removed in Group D. To be specially, Melting of smear layer were showed in Group C. 7. These results suggests that the laser has a potential in reducing the apical microleakage of obturated canals.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
• /
• 제14권8호
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2020

다리 움직임이 몸통 주위 근육에 효과적인 변화를 줄 수 있다는 근거를 바탕으로 다리 움직임을 동반한 복부 드로우-인 방법이 뇌졸중 환자들의 배가로근 두께와 몸통 조절 능력에 변화를 알아보고, 효율적인 복부 드로우-인 기법에 있어서 임상적 기초 자료를 제공하기 위해 시행하였다. 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자 18명을 표본 추출하여, 기존의 복부 드로우-인 기법을 적용한 집단을 실험군I(n=9)로, 다리 움직임을 동반한 복부 드로우-인 기법을 적용한 집단은 실험군II(n=9)로 무작위 배치한 후 사전 검사로 초음파를 활용하여 마비측 배가로근의 두께를 측정하였고, 몸통 조절 능력은 몸통 손상 정도 평가지를 이용하여 측정하였다. 총 4주 간, 주 4일, 1일 1회, 30분씩 중재 프로그램을 시행한 후 사후검사를 사전검사와 동일하게 재 측정하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 두 집단 내 배가로근 두께 변화 비교에서는 두 집단 모두 복부 드로우-인 동작 시 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.01), 몸통 조절 능력에서도 두 집단 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 그러나 두 집단 간 배가로근 두께와 몸통 조절 능력 변화 비교에서는 몸통 조절 능력에서만 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 따라서 집단 간 배가로근의 두께는 차이가 없었지만, 다리의 움직임을 통해 자동 반사적인 골반 움직임이 나타나 복부 주위의 근육들에게도 효율적인 수축 반응이 나타나 더 효과적으로 몸통 조절 능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 중재방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 2016

In this study, an environment-friendly synthetic strategy to process zinc oxide nanocrystals is reported. The biosynthesis method used in this study is simple and cost-effective, with reduced solvent waste via the use of fruit peel extract as a natural ligation agent. The formation of ZnO nanocrystals using a rambutan peel extract was observed in this study. Rambutan peels has the ability to ligate zinc ions as a natural ligation agent, resulting in ZnO nanochain formation due to the presence of an extended polyphenolic system over the whole incubation period. Via transmission electron microscopy, successful formation of zinc oxide nanochains was confirmed. TEM observation revealed that the bioinspired ZnO nanocrystals were spherical and/or hexagonal particles with sizes between 50 and 100 nm.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.70-72
• /
• 2010

We report a 53-year-old male having Kennedy disease who complained of severe bilateral tinnitus and autophony. He was diagnosed as patulous Eustachian tube based on the observation of fluttering motion of the tympanic membrane associated with respiration, which is presumed to occur secondary to bulbar weakness. The patulous Eustachian tube affected the management of his respiratory problem by impairing his ability to tolerate BiPAP. We report this rare condition with a literature review.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2007

The study examined the effects of explicit derivational morphology instruction (henceforth DMI) on the incidental vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension of 132 Korean 1st-year high school students who responded to a battery of tests (two vocabulary tests and a reading comprehension test). Multiple statistical tools were used to analyze the data: Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Simple Regression Analysis, Tests of Simple Main Effects, and effect size computation using Cohen's d. The results indicated that (a) DMI enhanced students' ability to infer word meanings in context, (b) DMI promoted high proficiency students' reading comprehension, whereas it impeded intermediate proficiency students' reading comprehension, (c) vocabulary knowledge has a strong positive predictive value for reading comprehension, and (d) the gaps of vocabulary knowledge across proficiency levels were still substantial, despite the observation that DMI promoted students' vocabulary acquisition. These results have a bearing on English as Foreign Language (EFL) reading pedagogy.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2008

Ad Hoc Network는 인프라스트럭처 기반의 네트워크가 아니고 노드들이 분포되어 있기 때문에 공격을 받기가 쉽다. 침입탐지시스템은 다른 노드들의 신뢰 수준을 감지하고 노드의 로컬 보안에 대한 검사와 감시 능력을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 침입 탐지를 하는데 오버헤드를 줄이기 위해 클러스터링 기법을 적용하였다. 그리고 노드들 간의 신뢰도를 측정하기 위해 클러스터 헤드가 멤버 노드로부터 받은 신뢰 정보와 자신의 정보를 조합하여 다른 노드의 신뢰도를 평가한다. 이렇게 함으로써 네트워크내의 노드들의 대한 인증을 정확하게 수행할 수 있게 되어 안전한 데이터 전송을 제공하게 된다.