• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 경사충돌시 피닝잔류응력 평가를 위해 3 차원 유한요소해석모델을 제안한다. 단일경사 충돌 해석모델을 이용해 Rayleigh 재료감쇠, 동적마찰 그리고 재료의 변형률 속도에 대한 영향을 알아 보고 이를 통합하여 피닝잔류응력 유일해를 얻는다. 숏볼은 변형을 고려한 소성숏을 포함한 해석 모델이며, 다중숏 경사충돌해석으로 확장한다. 다중경사충돌 해석모델은 단일경사충돌 연구를 통해 결정된 통합된 피닝인자들을 반영했고, 숏볼은 소성숏을 사용하였다. XRD 실험해와 비교시, 강체 및 탄성숏 해석모델에서 얻어진 해석해에 비해 소성숏 모델의 해석해가 실험해에 매우 근접하다. 이로부터 다양한 투사각을 갖는 3 차원 유한요소해석모델의 유효성을 확인하였다. 궁극적으로 제안된 해석모델은 실제 피닝현상을 충분히 반영하기 위한 다중숏 경사충돌해석연구의 초석이 될 것이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.661-679
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• 2013

In this work, the safety performance of a commercial motorcycle helmet already placed on the market is assessed. The assessed motorcycle helmet is currently homologated by several relevant motorcycle standards. Impacts including translational and rotational motions are accurately simulated through a finite element numerical framework. The developed model was validated against experimental results: firstly, a validation concerning the constitutive model for the expanded polystyrene, the material responsible for energy absorption during impact; secondly, a validation regarding the acceleration measured at the headform's centre of gravity during the linear impacts defined in the ECE R22.05 standard. Both were successfully validated. After model validation, an oblique impact was simulated and the results were compared against head injury thresholds in order to predict the resultant head injuries. From this comparison, it was concluded that brain injuries such as concussion and diffuse axonal injury may occur even with a helmet certified by the majority of the motorcycle helmet standards. Unfortunately, these standards currently do not contemplate rotational components of acceleration. Conclusion points out to a strong recommendation on the necessity of including rotational motion in forthcoming motorcycle helmet standards and improving the current test procedures and head injury criteria used by the standards, to improve the safety between the motorcyclists.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.274-279
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• 2004

Currently, carbon-fiber reinforced plastics(CFRP) are widely used in both space and civil aircraft due to their superior stiffness and strength to weight ratios compared to conventional metallic materials. This paper is to study the effects of curvature and stacking sequence on the penetration characteristics of composite laminated shell. And were performed to investigate the penetration characteristics of composite laminated shells by the oblique impact. They are stacked to [0$_3$/90$_3$]s, [90$_3$/0$_3$]s and [0$_2$/90$_3$/0]s, [90$_2$/0$_3$/90]s their interlaminar number two and fore. They are manufactured to varied curvature radius (R=100, 150, 200mm and $\infty$). When the specimen is subjected to transverse impact by a steel ball, the velocity of the steel ball was measured both before and after impact by determining the time for it to pass two ballistics-screen sensor located a known distance apart. In general, the critical penetration energy interface decrease and slope angle on the impact surface increased. [0$_3$/90$_3$]s and [0$_2$/90$_3$]s specimens higher than [90$_3$/0$_3$]s and [90$_2$/0$_3$/90]s specimens.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2018

Recently, as sea ice in the Arctic has been decreasing due to global warming, it has become easier to develop oil and gas resources buried in the Arctic region. As a result, Russia, the United States, and other Arctic coastal states are increasingly interested in the development of oil and gas resources, and the demand for offshore structures to support Arctic sea resources development is expected to significantly increase. Since offshore structures operating in Arctic regions need to secure safety against various drifting ice conditions, the concept of an ice-strengthened design is introduced here, with a priority on calculation of ice load. Although research on the estimation of ice load has been carried out all over the world, most ice-load studies have been limited to estimating the ice load of the icebreaker in a non-oblique state. Meanwhile, in the case of Arctic offshore structures, although it is also necessary to estimate the ice load according to oblique angles, the overall research on this topic is insufficient. In this paper, we suggest algorithms for calculating the ice load of managed ice (pack ice, 100% concentration) in an oblique state, and discuss validity. The effect of oblique angle according to estimated ice load with various oblique angles was also analyzed, along with the impact of ship speed and ice thickness on ice load.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2006

The protection capability against an enhanced long rod(L/D=30) with yaw is investigated numerically and compared with that of shorter one(L/D=15). In addition details of interactions between yawed long rods and oblique plate velocity are examined. Through the simulation results, we find that dual flying plates system is more effective with longer rod due to the elongated disturbance. The protection performance is more effective for the penetrator with $+6^{\circ}$ of yaw angle than that with a yaw angle of $-6^{\circ}$.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.2805-2816
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• 1994

This paper describes dynamic finite element analyses performed to study the dynamic behaviors of a shipping container under the impact onto rigid target due to the accidental fall from the hight of 9 m. Using two and three dimensional techniques, the shipping container which gave the maximum damage, ten different drop orientations are considered ; at intervals of $5^{\circ}$ from $45^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ According to the present results, the orientation of the shipping container which gave the maximum damage is $85^{\circ}$ from horizontal for oblique drop in the primary impact. In the optimal design of the shipping container, the impact limiter material must be considered importantly because it's proper selection affects the weight and the manufacturing cost of the shipping container. The analysis of the shipping container in this paper demonstrated that the shipping container is structurally sound relative to the regulatory drop test requirements.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2004

The old technique of sandblasting which has been used for decoration of glass surface has recently been developed into a powder blasting technique for brittle materials such as glass, silicon and ceramics, capable of producing micro structures larger than 100${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. In this study, we introduced oblique powder blasting, and investigated the effect of the impacting angle of particles, the scanning times and the stand-off distance on the surface roughness and the weight-loss rate of samples with no mask, and the wall profile and overetching of samples with different mask pattern in powder blasting of soda-lime glass. The varying parameters were the different impact angles between 50$^{\circ}$ and 90$^{\circ}$, scanning times of nozzle up to 40 and the stand-off distances 70mm and 100mm. The widths of mask pattern were 0.2mm, 0.5mm and 1mm. The powder was alumina sharp particles, WA #600. The mass flow rate of powder during the erosion test was fixed constant at 175g/min and the blasting pressure of powder at 0.2Mpa.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1447-1454
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• 2006

The evaluation of parallel performance of a high speed impact simulation is not an easy task because not only the development of parallel explicit code is difficult but also a large number of processors is not easily accessible. In this paper, the parallel performance of a new Lagrangian FEM impact code carried out on cluster supercomputer has been described in high speed range. In the case of metal sphere impacting to oblique plate, the overall speed-up continuously increases even up to 128 CPUs. Investigation of elapsed time of each part reveals that most of the inefficiency comes from the load imbalance of contact.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1984

과거(過去)에 솔잎혹파리 피해(被害)를 받은 바 있는 충청남도(忠淸南道) 서천군(舒川郡) 비인(庇仁)과 피해(被害)를 받지 않은 충청남도(忠淸南道) 홍성군(洪城郡) 장곡(長谷) 자생(自生)하고 있는 13년생내외(年生內外) 소나무의 연륜(年輪)을 Duff와 Nolan(1953)의 방법(方法)으로 비교(比較)한 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 건전(健全)한 소나무연륜(年輪)의 사선계열(斜線系列)에서 하나의 생장(生長) Pattern이 발견(發見)된다. 그러나 수선계열(垂線系列)을 위시(爲始)한 각(各) 계열(系列)에서 나무가 성장(成長)함에 따라 연륜폭(年輪幅)이 점차 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)도 볼 수 있었다. 2) 솔잎혹파리로 인(因)한 연륜생장저해(年輪生長沮害)는 수간기부(樹幹基部)의 수평선계열(水平線系列)에서는 발견(發見)되지 않았으나 기타계열(其他系列)에서는 모두 쉽게 식별(識別)해낼 수 있었다. 3) 경미(輕微)한 피해(被害)를 받았을 때나 생장저해(生長沮害)가 발생(發生)하는 초년도(初年度)를 판단(判斷)하기 위하여는 사선계열(斜線系列)이 가장 유용(有用)할 것으로 고찰(考察)되었다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2021

Although accident data from the National Police Agency and insurance companies do not know the vehicle safety, the damage level information can be obtained from the data managed by the bus credit association or the bus company itself. So the accident severity was analyzed based on the side impact accidents using accident repair cost. K-means clustering analysis separated the cost of accident repair into 'minor', 'moderate', 'severe', and 'very severe'. In addition, the side impact accident severity was analyzed by using an ordered logit model. As a result, it is appeared that the longer the repair period, the greater the impact on the severity of the side impact accident. Also, it is appeared that the higher the number of collision points, the greater the impact on the severity of the side impact accident. In addition, oblique collisions of the angle of impact were derived to affect the severity of the accident less than right angle collisions. Finally, the absence of opponent vehicle and large commercial vehicles involved accidents were shown to have less impact on the side impact accident severity than passenger cars.