• Title/Summary/Keyword: obesity status

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Biochemical Characteristics and Dietary Intake according to Household Income Levels of Korean Adolescents: Using Data from the 6th (2013 ~ 2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (한국 청소년의 소득계층에 따른 혈액 생화학적 특성 및 영양소섭취상태 : 제6기(2013 ~ 2015) 국민건강영양조사를 이용하여)

  • Kwon, Yu-Kyeong;Kim, Sook-Bae
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.467-481
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    • 2021
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the biochemical characteristics, intake of energy, and nutrients by household income levels of Korean adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Methods: Data from the 6th (2013 ~ 2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) were used for the study. A total of 1,839 (966 boys, 873 girls) subjects were included, and they were divided into four income groups according to their household income level. We examined general characteristics (gender, region of residence, skipping or not-skipping breakfast, lunch, dinner, frequency of eating-out), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, weight status), biochemical characteristics (fasting plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), the quantitative intake of energy and nutrients using the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (KDRI), and the qualitative intake evaluated by the nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean nutrition adequacy ratio (MAR) of the four groups. Results: There were significant differences by income group within the region of residence and the rate of skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The low-income group had a higher rate of skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner. According to the income group, there was a difference in the height of boys, and there was no difference in the weight and obesity of boys and girls. In the biochemical characteristics, only the hematocrit of girls showed differences by income group. The quantitative intake of energy and nutrients compared with KDRI differed by income group. There were differences in energy, carbohydrates, proteins, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and phosphorus levels in boys and protein, vitamin A, niacin, and sodium levels in girls. The qualitative intake of energy and nutrients examined using NAR and MAR also differed according to the income group. The NAR showed differences in calcium in boys and vitamin C and calcium in girls. The MAR revealed differences in both boys and girls by income group. Conclusions: Among adolescents in the low-income group, the rate of skipping meals was high, and the quantitative and qualitative intake of energy and some nutrients was low. It is suggested that the nutritional intake can be improved by lowering the rate of skipping breakfast, lunch, dinner. We suggest that even just providing breakfast in schools can be considered highly effective in improving the rate of avoidance of skipping meals and improving nutrient intake. Also, we suggest that it is necessary to improve the food environment, food availability, and food accessibility through national and social support for low-household income adolescents.

A Study on Factors Related to Sleep Disordered Breathing in Children (어린이의 수면 호흡 장애 관련 위험인자)

  • Nawoon, Kim;Daewoo, Lee;Jaegon, Kim;Changkeun, Lee;Yeonmi, Yang
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.180-187
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    • 2022
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) by comparing intraoral factors, body mass index (BMI), and medical history with pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) findings. Seven hundred eighty-seven subjects aged between 7 to 11 years old were included. Their caregivers were asked to complete questionnaires. Oral manifestations including Angle's classification, overjet, and Brodsky tonsil grade were examined. Children with PSQ scores of more than 0.33 points were classified into the SDB high-risk group. Among the 787 subjects, 34 (4.3%) were classified into the SDB high-risk group. Children with allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, excessive overjet, or large tonsil size had a significantly higher risk for SDB versus those without. Also, there was a significant difference in SDB risk according to BMI status. Gender, gestational age, breastfeeding, and Angle's classification were not associated with SDB. Children at high risk for SDB were predisposed to tonsillar hypertrophy, allergic rhinitis, obesity, and atopic dermatitis. Children with these factors could be candidates for early intervention to prevent the progression of SDB.

The Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Lifestyle Risk Factors in Office Workers (사무직 근로자의 혈청 Vitamin D 수준과 생활습관위험인자와의 연관성)

  • Jin, Young-Yun;Kang, Hyun-Sik
    • 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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    • v.54 no.5
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    • pp.727-737
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    • 2015
  • The study investigated the relationship between vitamin D status and lifestyle risk factors in office workers. A total of 515 office workers(336 men and 179 women) aged 30 years or older were voluntarily recruited from S-city. Along with serum vitamin D levels, lifestyle risk factors including obesity index, physical fitness, metabolic risk factors, lipids profile and sedentary behavior were measured using standardized protocols. Subjects were classified as deficiency (<20ng/mL), insufficiency (20-29ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥30ng/mL) based on serum vitamin D levels. Linear contrast analysis using one-way ANOVA showed significant linear decreases in mean body fat (p=.030) and sedentary behavior (p<.001) and significant linear increases in skeletal muscle (p=.037), cardiorespiratory fitness (p<.001) and HDL-C (p=.013) across incremental serum vitamin D levels. Compared with the low cardiorespiratory fitness group, the high cardiorespiratory fitness group had a significantly higher odds ratio (men OR=2.144, p=.042, women OR=1.971, p=.045) for having vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency even adjustment after age. Compared to the shortest sitting time group, the longest sitting time group had a significantly higher odds-ratio in a group of female office workers (OR=1.262, p=.043) for having vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency even adjustment after age. The current findings of the study showed that poor physical fitness and sedentary behavior were the risk factors of low serum vitamin D levels, implying the urgent need for a healthy lifestyle modification along with vitamin D supplementation.

Orally Administered Korean Herbal Medicine Medications of Randomized Controlled Trials Published in the Journal of Korean Medicine and Related Journals: A Narrative Analysis using CONSORT-CHM 2017 (CONSORT-CHM 2017 지침에 근거한 대한한의학회지 및 회원학회지에 투고된 경구투여 한약 중재를 활용한 무작위 배정 비교 임상 연구(RCT)의 양적, 질적 평가 연구)

  • Se-hun Moon;Jung-ho Jo;Seung-kwan Choi;Yun-hee Han;Hyeon-jun Woo;Byeong-hyeon Jeon;Won-bae Ha;Jung-han Lee
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.44 no.6
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    • pp.1212-1242
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: This study aims to explore the current usage status of orally administered Korean herbal medicine in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the Journal of Korean Medicine and member journals using the CONSORT-Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulas 2017 (CONSORT-CHM 2017) checklist. Methods: We searched the OASIS, RISS, and KMBASE archives as well as the websites of the Journal of Korean Medicine and 45 member journals to identify RCTs that used herbal interventions. Two independent researchers searched and categorized the RCTs and performed a quantitative evaluation by journal, study design, and target disease, as well as qualitative evaluation of the literature using CONSORT-CHM 2017. Results: After the search, 66 articles were selected. The quantitative evaluation resulted in 13 articles (19.6%) that were published in the Journal of Korean Medicine and 12 articles (18.1%) in the Journal of Internal Korean Medicine. In terms of study design, 62 articles (93.9%) were parallel, 4 articles (6%) were crossover, and 2-arm parallel study designs were the most common in 45 articles (68.2%). In terms of the study participants, physiological characteristics and mechanisms in healthy individuals were the most common in 21 studies (31.8%) and obesity in 9 studies (13.6%). In terms of assessing completeness in the CONSORT-CHM 2017 items, 29 articles were rated high, 31 were rated moderate, and 6 were rated low. Items 4a, 6a, and 7a had low reporting rates (≤ 30%), while items 2a, 2b, and 12a were completely reported in all studies. Conclusion: Future RCTs using orally administered Korean herbal medicine need to be reported completely, and the CONSORT-CHM 2017 checklist can be a helpful tool for this purpose.

Health and dietary characteristics of the men and women in their middle age according to health-related quality of life: using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data in 2019 and 2021 (중년 남성과 여성의 건강 관련 삶의 질에 따른 건강 및 식생활 특성: 2019년, 2021년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여)

  • Sarim Kim;Yoon Jung Yang
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.57 no.3
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    • pp.307-319
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: This study compared the differences in health and dietary characteristics between middle-aged men and women according to their health-related quality of life. Methods: This study used the data from the 2019 and 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The participants were men (n = 1,571) and women (n = 2,179) aged 40-59. A health-related Quality of Life Instrument with eight items (HINT-8) was used to measure the health-related quality of life. The participants were divided into four groups based on their HINT-8 total scores (high, mid-high, mid-low, and low). The general and health characteristics, mental health, and dietary behaviors were compared according to the quality of life. Results: Men with a lower quality of life had lower incomes, were more likely to be single, smoked and drank more, and perceived themselves as slim or obese. Women with a lower quality of life had a higher proportion of older age, obesity, lower education and income, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Both men and women with a lower quality of life had higher proportions of subjectively perceiving poor health, weight gain over the past year, and considering themselves as obese. Both men and women with a lower quality of life had lower consumption frequencies of vegetables/mushrooms/seaweed and fruits. Conclusion: Both men and women with lower health-related quality of life had lower incomes, higher rates of perceiving their health as poor, and consumed vegetables/ mushrooms/seaweed and fruits less frequently, but they showed different characteristics in other aspects. Therefore, policy development tailored to men and women is necessary.

Association between sitting-time at work and incidence of erosive esophagitis diagnosed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a Korean cohort study

  • Daehoon Kim;Yesung Lee;Eunchan Mun;Eunhye Seo;Jaehong Lee;Youshik Jeong;Jinsook Jeong;Woncheol Lee
    • Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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    • v.34
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    • pp.15.1-15.9
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    • 2022
  • Background: Most previous longitudinal studies on lifestyle and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have focused on physical activity rather than sitting time. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between prolonged sitting time and the development of erosive esophagitis (EE). Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for measuring sitting time in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Sitting time was categorized into four groups: ≤ 6, 7-8, 9-10, and ≥ 11 hours/day. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed by experienced endoscopists who were unawared of the aims of this study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the development of EE were estimated using Cox proportional hazards analyses with ≤ 6 hours/day sitting time as the reference. Results: There were 6,524 participants included in the study. During a mean follow-up of 3.14 years, 2,048 incident cases developed EE. In age- and sex-adjusted models, the HR in the group sitting ≥ 11 hours per day compared ≤ 6 hours per day was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.76-0.99). After further adjusting for alcohol intake, smoking status, educational level, history of diabetes, and history of dyslipidemia, sitting time was still significantly related to the risk of EE (HR, 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76-0.98). After further adjustment for exercise frequency, this association persisted (HR, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76-0.98). In subgroup analysis by obesity, the relationship between sitting time and EE was only significant among participants with body mass index < 25 kg/m2 (HR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71-0.95). Conclusions: Generally, prolonged sitting time is harmful to health, but with regard to EE, it is difficult to conclude that this is the case.

Associations of Metabolic Syndrome with Glaucoma in Korean - Based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005, 2007-9, 2010 (한국인의 대사증후군과 녹내장 간의 상관관계 -2005, 2007-9, 2010국민건강영양조사 이용)

  • Park, Sang Shin;Kim, Taehun;Pak, Yun-Suk;Lee, Sang-Yoon;Lee, Hae Jung;Lee, Eun-Hee
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.241-247
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the association of metabolic syndrome and its components with glaucoma. Methods: We investigated the associations of metabolic syndrome and its components (abdominal obesity, impaired fasting glucose, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia) with glaucoma using data from 19,162 adults aged 40 or above among the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (2005), IV (2007-9), V (2010). The logistic regression analysis was used for assessing those associations after adjusting demographic, lifestyle, and social economic status and for assessing the association of metabolic medication intakes with glaucoma risks. Results: After adjusting for age and sex, the risk of glaucoma was significantly higher in the subjects with impaired fasting glucose(Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.78 (1.25, 2.53)) and metabolic syndrome (1.45 (1.01, 2.08)) than subjects without those. These associations increased when additional adjusting for smoking, alcohol use, regular physical activity, income, education status(impaired fasting glucose: 1.89 (1.29, 2.77), metabolic syndrome: 1.52 (1.03, 2.25)). Glaucoma prevalence was borderline significantly increased according to the number of metabolic abnormalities(age and sex adjusted p for trend = 0.055). Use of antihypertensive medication was significantly associated with the risk of glaucoma. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose were significantly associated with the increased glaucoma risk. Use of antihypertensive medication was also significantly associated with the increased glaucoma risk.

Comparison of dietary behavior, changes of diet, and food intake between 40~59 years old subjects living in urban and rural areas in Lao PDR (라오스 도시·농촌 지역별 40~59세 주민들의 식행동, 식생활변화 및 식품섭취 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Ji Yeon;Yi, Kyungock;Kang, Minah;Kang, Younhee;Lee, Gunjeong;Kim, Harris Hyun-soo;Hansana, Visanou;Kim, Yuri
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.111-124
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The current study was conducted for evaluation and comparison of dietary behavior and food intake in different regions of Lao PDR. Methods: The survey was conducted on 979 people aged 40~59 years old living in 25 urban provinces and 25 rural provinces in four districts (VTE Capital-Chanthabuly, Xaysetha, VTE Province-Phonhong, and Thoulakhom) of Laos. General demographic information, health status, and dietary behavior were surveyed using a questionnaire. Results: The literacy ratio (p = 0.000), education level (p = 0.000), asset ownership level (p = 0.000), and government and private employee ratio (p = 0.000) were higher in urban subjects compared with rural subjects. The mean value of weight (p = 0.000), waist circumference (p = 0.000), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.009) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.000), self-rated health status (p = 0.001), and the rate of obesity (p = 0.000) were significantly higher in urban subjects compared with rural subjects. However, the rate of current smoker was significantly higher in the rural group (p = 0.023). Meals are becoming more westernized by higher frequency of eating out, consumption of fatty meat and fried or stir-fried food in urban areas compared to rural areas. Urban subjects had relatively better balanced meals compared to rural subjects whereas they consumed insufficient meals per day and consumed meals irregularly compared to rural subjects. Intake of fruit and milk was significantly higher in urban subjects compared with rural subjects. However, the intake of vegetables was significantly higher in rural areas than urban areas. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the traditional Lao diet is being replaced by an unhealthy western dietary pattern, which may be a risk factor for increasing development of non-communicable disease (NCD) in Lao PDR. Planning of proper personalized nutritional intervention and education in each area is needed to decrease the health risks of NCD.

A Web-based Internet Program for Nutritional Counseling and Diet management of Patient with Diabetes Mellitus (당뇨병 환자의 웹기반 식사관리 및 영양상담 프로그램)

  • 한지숙;정지혜
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.114-122
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based internet program for nutritional counseling and diet management of patient with diabetes mellitus. The program consisted of four parts according to their functions and contents. The first part explained the metabolism of glucose and mechanism of insulin and insulin receptor expressed by flash 6.0, and defined the diabetes mellitus. The second part is to assess the general health status such as body weight, obesity index, basal metabolic rate and total energy requirement by the input of age, sex, height, weight and degree of activity. This part also provides tlne patient with menu lists and one day menu suitable to his weight and activity, and offers the information for food selection, snacks, convenience foods, dine-out, behavioral modification, cooking methods, food exchange lists, dietary education using buffet, and information on energy and nutrients of foods and drinks, and top 20 foods classified by nutrients. The third part is designed to investigate dietary history of patient, that is, to find out his inappropriate dietary habit and give him some suggestions for appropriate dietary behavior. This part also offers on-line counseling, follow-up management and frequently asked questions. The fourth part is evaluating their energy and nutrients intake by comparing with recommended dietary allowance for Koreans or standardized data for patient with diabetes mellitus. In this part, it is also analyzing energy and nutrients of food consumed by food group and meals, and evaluating the status of nutrient intake. These results are finally displayed as tabular forms and graphical forms on the computer screen. Therefore it is expected that the web-based internet program developed in this study will play a role in their health promotion as widely using by diabetic patients.

Active Aging: Roles of Physical Activity and Immunity (건강한 노후 : 운동활동과 면역반응을 중심으로)

  • Park, Chan Ho;Kim, Ji-Seok;Kwak, Yi Sub
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.621-626
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    • 2018
  • We introduced the physiological responses of aging, active aging and also suggest the impact of physical exercise on body health status and elderly immunity. In this purpose, we searched the Pub Med data base for the articles (include our experimental papers) and review papers having the terms 'Aging', 'Active aging' and 'Physical activity and elderly' in the title, published from 1999 until 2018. The results were as follows: Exercise training has been extensively studied about the reduction of inflammation, oxidative stress, disease, and aging in syndrome X patients and elderly. Combined and aerobic or resistance exercise training could reduce obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Exercise training has been extensively studied in cancer settings as part of prevention or treatment strategies. From this research, regular exercise has the potential to target tumor growth through regulation of inflammation and immune responses such as lactate clearance, NK cell activation (innate immunity), activation of cytotoxic immune cells, T cell activation (adaptive immunity), and immune surveillance. However, Endurance physical activity not only induces thermogenesis and diverse sports injuries but also elicits mobilization and functional enhancement of monocytes, neutrophils (which is caused by the cytokine changes such as TNF-alpha, IL-1) whereas it suppresses cell mediated immunity causing to increased susceptibility to inflammation and infections like cough and URTIs (upper respiratory track infections) in young and especially in elderly people. Therefore, Strategies to prevent physical fatigue, sports injuries include avoid overtraining, Adequate recovery and various type of rest during and after physical activity and assuring adequate nutrition supplementation such as glutamine, vitamin B, vitamin C, carbohydrate, ion or berry-contain sports beverages is helpful in physically active elderly.