• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.354-361
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular taekwondo training on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function in obese middle-aged women. Thirty-three middle-aged women with obesity were selected for this study and randomly assigned into a control group(CG, n=18) and an taekwondo group(TG, n=15). The TG performed taekwondo training 5 times weekly for 16 weeks, while the CG did not exercise training. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) levels were analyzed and Stroop Color and Word tests were performed before and after the intervention. The serum BDNF and IGF-1 levels were significantly increased in the TG after the intervention(p<.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant differences were found in the serum VEGF levels, or in the Stroop Color and Word Test scores(p>.05). These results suggest that regular taekwondo training may be affects levels of peripheral neurotrophic factors but not cognitive function in obese middle-aged women.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.613-626
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of dance sport participation on body composition and cardiometabolic parameters in obese middle aged women, by analyzing the current literature(2005-2015). The data from 9 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, and Comprehensive Meta Analysis(CMA) Version 2.0 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 197 middle aged women(intervention group: n=98, control group: n=99) were included in this analysis. An average duration of the dance sports intervention was 12.2 weeks, 3.13 session per week and 75 minutes per session. Significant reduction in body weight, body fat percent, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein LDL-Cholesterol and leptin were observed while significant increase in high density lipoprotein HDL-cholesterol was observed after the intervention. There were large effect size in percent body fat, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol while medium and small effect size were observed for triglyceride and body weight, leptin, insulin and glucose, respectively. In conclusion, dance sport participation resulted in positive changes in body composition and cardiometabolic parameter in middle aged women.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.275-286
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• 2016

Purpose: This study explored influencing factors on quality of life (QoL) above middle-aged women in relation to demographic factors, health-related factors, menopausal status, metabolic syndrome (MS) and its risk factors. Methods: This study was secondary data analysis from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013~2015 that utilized a complex, multi-stage probability sample design. Study sample of 2,310 was inclusive of (28.8%) of women who were over 40. To evaluate the factors that would influence an impaired quality of life, $x^2$ test, GLM, and logistic regression analysis were done. Results: Level of quality of life was lower in women with late post-menopause(over 10 years since menopause) than women with pre-menopause. Factors influencing impaired QoL were as follows: graduated middle school and elementary school or less (OR=2.43, 4.42, respectively, p<.05), no job (OR=1.92, p<.001), stress (OR=1.92, p=.001), depression (OR=1.93, p=.001), insufficient sleep (OR=1.64, p=.003), late post-menopause (OR=2.61, p=.044) and over 85cm of waist circumference (OR=1.76, p=.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that late post-menopause may be an independent factor influencing an impaired QoL. To promote post-menopausal womens' health, a nursing strategy is required to teach women how to manage levels of stress, depression, insufficient sleep, and abdominal obesity through health education, nutritional counselling, and physical activity program.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.397-405
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• 1995

The present study examined the effects of swimming on some plasma parameters of lipid metabolism in the middle-aged women. The control group(C) was the women who lived without any intentional physical exercise, and the first experimental group(S I) and the second experimental group(S II) had gone swimming everyday at least one hour for 3-6 months, and more than one year, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) Energy and nutrient intakes of the three groups were not different, but the body fat(%) of two experimental groups(S I, S II) was significantly lower than that of control. 2) Total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in plasma were not significantly changed by swimming and swimming period. However, total lipids and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in the two experimental groups than in control. 3) The level of plasma triglycerides of SI was not different from the control, but SII showed significantly lower triglycerides. 4) Acid-soluble acylcarnitine and $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate concentration in plasma were significantly greater in SII than in control. There results suggest that regular swimming in a longer period might help to protect the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease by modulating lipid metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.660-667
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week brisk walking and brisk walking plus diet program on C-Reactive Protein(CRP) in middle-aged obese hypertriglycemic($triglyceride{\geq}150mg/d{\ell}$) Korean women. Method: The subjects were 16 obese ($BMI{\geq}25$) hypertriglycemic middle-aged women (7 for brisk walking group, 9 for brisk walking plus diet group) who participated in a health promotion program at one public health center. Initially the brisk walking intervention consisted of walking for 20 minutes/day at an intensity of 40 to 50% of heart rate reserve(HRR) for 3 days/week and progressed to 50 minutes/day, 60 to 70% of their HRR, and 6 days/week. The diet intervention consisted of 60 minutes of group education and 20 to 30 minutes of individual counseling with a nutritionist every week. Data were analyzed with SPSS PC program. Results: There was no significant reduction in CRP levels in both brisk walking (Z=-1.70, p=0.088) and brisk walking plus diet group(Z=-0.31, p=0.752). In brisk walking only group, CRP levels were increased after the intervention. Conclusion: Brisk walking could increase the level of CRP when it is in the course of progression and diet could decrease the acute phase inflammatory response.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.638-651
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to review the literature and examine the effects on non-pharmacological depression intervention for middle-aged women in Korea. This systematic review analyzed the literature from 2006 to September, 2015. The existing literature was searched in the electronic databases in RISS, KISS and DBPia using the following key words: middle-aged women and depression, menopause and depression, climacterium and depression. Two hundred eighty studies were found through the database. According to PICOTS-SD, twelve studies were included for analysis. Among the twelve studies, four studies were conducted in the nursing field. Six studies were randomized controlled trials. Aerobic exercise, laughter therapy, meditation, aroma massage, counseling and art therapy were performed as non-pharmacological interventions for depression in Korean middle-aged women. The length of each session ranged from 20 to 120 minutes. The intervention period varied from 2 to 24 weeks, and the total number of the interventions ranged from 8 to 72 times. They influenced not only depression, but also physical aspects that are associated with obesity and psychosocial variables, such as anxiety, quality of life, life satisfaction, etc.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1047-1051
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• 2017

Due to aging, the physical fitness of middle-aged women decreases after menopause. This results in increased body fat and reduced lean body mass, both of which can lead to obesity. This phenomenon is accompanied by changes in hormone secretion in the body. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of circuit training on aging-related hormones in obese middle-aged women. The subjects were 20 obese middle-aged women. The subjects were divided into two groups: a circuit training group (n=10) and nonexercise control group (n=10). Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), estrogen, and DHEA-S were measured before and after the circuit training program. The circuit training group performed circuit training for 12 weeks, three times per week. Exercise intensity was increased gradually from 60% to 80% of heart rate reserve every 6 weeks. In the circuit training group, at the end of the 12-week training program, the IGF-1 levels were significantly increased compared to pre-exercise levels, and they were higher than those of the control group. GH levels were also significantly increased in the circuit training group, but the differences were not statistically significant. DHEA-S was significantly increased in the circuit training group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The results showed that circuit training improved aging-related hormones levels in obese middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.705-720
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• 2024

This study randomly assigned 24 middle-aged women to determine the effect of a 12-week combined exercise program on cardiovascular function and electrocardiogram-based ST segment and QRS in obese middle-aged women. Analysis of the results was conducted to verify differences within groups and between periods and groups. In terms of cardiovascular function, myocardial oxygen consumption showed a significant decrease in the experimental group during the resting phase and the highest intensity phase during exercise, and an interaction between group and period at rest was also observed. The heart rate recovery rate showed a significant decrease in the experimental group at 2 minutes of recovery, while in the control group, on the contrary, a significant increase was observed. The experimental group showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure, and an interaction between group and period was also observed. There was no change in diastolic blood pressure in both the experimental and control groups, and there was a statistically significant decrease in pulse pressure only in the experimental group at the 3-minute recovery stage. In the case of the electrocardiogram, the QRS height in the experimental group showed a significant increase in most cases at rest and at 3, 6, and 9 minutes during the recovery period, while there was no significant difference in the QRS period in both the experimental and control groups, and the ST segment height was significantly increased at rest in the experimental group. appeared to have increased. Therefore, summarizing the results of this study, it is believed that the 12-week combined exercise program has a positive effect in improving cardiovascular function, ventricular contractility in electrocardiograms, and myocardial ischemia in obese middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.951-962
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of smart machine circulation exercise on body composition, lung function, blood lipid and insulin resistance in obesity middle-aged women among 40-60 years by dividing them into a smart machine circulation exercise group(n=8), and control group(n=6). The smart machine circulation exercise program included 55-minutes sessions thrice each week at the following intensities: The strength of aerobic exercise is applied to smart machines by linking the smart machine with the POLAR T31; the 1-4 week is 40-50%HRR, 5-8 week is 50-60%HRR, and 9-10 week is 60-70%HRR. The strength of the resistance exercise was tested using a smart machine based on the constant velocity motion, and then, using the 1-RM data value, applied 40% 1-RM for 1-4 weeks, 60% 1-RM for 5-8 weeks, and 80% 1-RM for 9-10 week. As a results, body composition indicated that weight, BMI, %BF, WHR had a significant interaction effect. Lung function indicated that FVC levels significantly changes in the exercise group and the between groups difference in changes at 10week was significant. Also, FVC and FEV₁ significantly showed interaction effect. TC, TG and HDL-C levels significantly changes in smart machine circulation exercise group and the between-group difference in changes after 10 weeks was significant. TC, TG and HDL-C significantly showed interaction effect. Insulin resistance demonstrated that Insulin, Glucose and HOMA-IR levels significantly showed difference over 10 weeks between group. Therefore, the 10 weeks smart machine circulation exercise positively effects on the body composition, lung function, blood lipids, and insulin resistance in obesity middle-aged women and this smart machine circulation exercise can improve their obesity and prevent obesity.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.695-706
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the associations of the percent body fat dietary intake, plasma lipoprotein profile, lipoprotein(a), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) concentrations of 1982 Korean subjects(men : 1000 and women : 982) between the ages of 40 and 59 years. The dietary assessment consisted of twenty-four hour dietary records and food frequency questionnaires. The subjects were identified into one of the five rating groups of % body fat : lean, underweight, normal, overweight and obese groups. The biochemical assessment included measurements of plasma total cholesterol(TC), HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C), triglyceride(TG), lipoprotein(a)(Lp(a)), and PAI-1. With respect to the ratio of percent energy intake of carbohydrate : protein : fat of the normal group of the women was 62% : 17% : 20%, respectively. Women apparently had a higher intake of carbohydrates than men(52% : 17 : 20%) did. There was a linear relationship between energy intake and % body fat in both mean and women(with the exception of the underweight group of women). The relationship of % body fat of men to the protein and fat intake was higher than that of the carbohydrate intake. Of the men in the study, intakes of energy, protein and alcohol were positively correlated to % body fat. In women, energy, carbohydrate and protein intake were positively correlated to % body fat, however, the fat, cholesterol and alcohol intake did not show any correlation to the % body fat in women. This study showed that % body fat was positively correlated with plasma TC, LDL-C, PAI-1 levels, and TG, but the % body fat was negatively correlated with plasma HDL-C level in both men and women. These results indicated that the high energy intake of obese or overweight subjects might contribute to several of the biochemical indices fo coronary heart disease(CHD) risk. In conclusion, increased energy intake is associated with overweight or obesity in middle aged Korean people. There was no relationship between % energy intake of fat and % body fat in the study, in middle-aged Korean men and women. The plasma lipid profile and PAI-1 level thought to be the risk factors of CHD were positively associated with percent body fat in middle aged Korean people.