• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2003

PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), leptin, and resistin are synthesized and secreted by Int cells of rodents and have recently been postulated to be an important link to obesity. This study was conducted to identify the nutritional regulation of PAI-1, leptin, and resistin gene expression in 0b/ob mice. The mice were divided into four groups according to nutritional status: control, 48 hour fasting, 48 hour-fasting/12 hour-refeeding, and 48 hour-fasting/24 hour-refeeding. The mRNA levels of each peptide were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. In visceral fat tissue, the level of PAI-1 mRNA increased markedly when 48h-fasted animals were refed with a high carbohydrate-low fat diet. However, lasting/refeeding did not appreciably change PAI-1 mRNA levels in subcutaneous fat tissue. Similar results were obtained for resistin mRNA levels in both types of fat tissues. These findings suggest that visceral adipose tissue might be more sensitively involved in the nutritional regulation of PAI-1 and resistin gene expression compared to subcutaneous fat tissue. The level of leptin mRNA decreased markedly in the 48h-fasted animals, and increased markedly when 48h-fasted animals were refed with a high carbohydrate-low fat diet. The nutritional regulation of leptin mRNA showed similar patterns in both types of fat tissues. In conclusion, the nutritional regulation of gene expression encoding PAI-1, resistin, and leptin from adipocytes may vary according to the type of adipose tissue.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

The present study examined the effects of consumption of Jeju ground water containing vanadium components on oxidative stress in obese (ob/ob) mice. Intake of Jeju ground water decreased the generation of oxidative stress induced-lipid peroxidation in the liver of ob/ob mice It also enhanced the enzymatic antioxidant defense system by increasing the protein expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in liver tissues. Jeju ground water intake also upregulated the intracellular content of reduced glutathione. The induction of antioxidant enzyme expression by consumption of Jeju ground water was mediated by the erythroid transcription factor NF-E2 (Nrf2). Increased nuclear expression of phospho Nrf2 was observed in ob/ob mouse liver cells following ntake of Jeju ground water. These results suggest that consumption of Jeju ground water stimulated the antioxidant defense system in the livers of ob/ob mice via induction of Nrf2.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1670-1674
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• 2001

To understand molecular mechanisms that regulate deposition and release of intramuscular fat, a fasting-induced clone was identified by differential screening from cDNA library of adipose tissues of Korean cattle. The clone had a total length of 1,319 nucleotides coding for 334 amino acids. It was identified as one encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase H chain (LDH-B). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of bovine LDH-B with those of pig, human, rat, and mouse showed 98%, 98%, 97%, and 96% identity, respectively. Food deprivation for 48 h increased mRNA levels of LDH-B gene in adipose tissues of Korean cattle compared to fed- and 6 h refed- tissues. The expression of obese mRNA was examined for individual adipose tissue from several fat depots. Fasting induced expression of LDH-B gene in subcutaneous adipose tissues, but it did not affect expression levels in abdominal, perirenal and intramuscular tissues. Results demonstrate that induction of LDH-B gene during fasting may represent a metabolic shift from anaerobic state to aerobic predominance in fasted adipose tissues and that its responses to fasting are different among several adipose tissues.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Silbi-san on the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibition and to analyze the anti-obesity effect by analyzing the changes in serum lipid composition in obese mice. Methods We compared contents of phytochemicals like total polyphenols and total flavonoid and antioxidant activities such as 2,2-dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2.2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity. After Silbi-san in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro and mouse adipose tissue ex vivo, we quantified intracellular triglyceride accumulation and lipolysis. Moreover, the anti-obesity activity though inhibiting pancreatic lipase were analyzed. In 3T3-L1 cells, morphological changes showed that control cells had many lipid while cells treated with Silbi-san had less lipid accumulation. 30% EtOH Silbi-san treatment also suppressed the fat absorption by inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase and led to high lipolysis through promoting glycerol release. The experimental group was divided into four groups: Normal group fed normal feed, Control group fed 60% high fat diet (HFD) and distilled water, drug group fed 60% high fat diet and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san water extract, drug group fed 60% HFD and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san 30% ethanol extract. Results Serum total cholesterol content and serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol content were significantly decreased in the Silbi-san extract group compared to the control group, serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol content was significantly increased in Silbi-san extract group. Conclusions In this study, the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibitory effects of Silbi-san were confirmed.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.249-258
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• 1998

Obesity, one of the most common metabolic diseases in industrial countries is characterized by an increase in the number or size of adipocytes. In an effort to create transgenic mouse models for the study of obesity we developed a novel technique in which adipose tissue can be ablated genetically at will, at any specific developmental stage and/or physiological condition, by the treatment of ganciclovir. We made a series of adipocytespecific expression vectors using minimal regulatory regions of brown adipocyte-specific uncoupling protein (UCP-1) gene and adipocyte-specific aP2 gene, and then analyzed their expression characteristics in cultured cell lines. When both constructs pUCP-LacZ and paP2-LacZ were transfected transiently into differentiating 3T3-L1 (pre-while adipocytes) and HIB-1B (pre-brown adipocytes) cell lines in vitro and then monitored by X-gal staining of cells, these regulatory regions were sufficient to show proper differentiation stage-specific expression in adipocvtes. To confirm that adipocytes expressing HSV-TK controlled by these minimal requlatory elements are sufficient to kill themselves with ganciclovir treatment pUCP-TK and paP2-TK expression constructs were transfected stably into HIB-1B and 3T3-L1 cells, respectively, and their ganciclovir sensitivities were tested during in vitro differentiation of cells. As expected more than 80% of cells were dead by the 7th day of treatment with ganciclovir while negative control cells were not affected at all. The data suqqest that the constructed vectors are suitable for obtaining novel obese transqenic models based on a conditional genetic tissue ablation method.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 2002

A high molecular ar weight water-soluble chitosan (WSC) with an average molecular weight of 300 kD and a deacethylation level of over 90% was produced using a simple multi-step-membrane separation process. It is known that WSC prevents obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Consequently, this study investigated whether or not WSC improved the ovarian dysfunction caused by obesity in mice. The mice were fed a high density protein and lipid diet for weeks, followed by the administration of WSC at 480 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 days. Thereafter, the changes in body weight, ovulation rate, in vivo and in vitro fertilization and emboryonic development were measured . WSC markedly reduced the body weight of obese mice fed with a high-fat diet, but not in mice fed with a normal diet. WSC had siginificant effects on the ovulation rate, both the in vivo and in vitro fertilization rates and embryonic development. These results indicate an improvement in the ovarian and oviduct dysfunction caused by obesity, and suggest an adjustment in the internal secretions and metabolic functions.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and is closely associated with metabolic syndrome. In the present study, we observed the effect of ethanol extract of Allium fistulosum (EAF) on NAFLD and have suggested the possibility of using EAF as a natural product for application in the development of a treatment for NAFLD. MATERIALS/METHODS: The preventive effect on hepatic lipid accumulation was estimated by using an oleic acid (OA)-induced NAFLD model in vitro and a Western diet (high-fat high-sucrose; WD)-induced obese mouse model. Animals were divided into three groups (n = 7): normal diet group (ND), WD group, and WD plus 1% EAF group. RESULTS: EAF reduced OA-stimulated lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells in the absence of cellular cytotoxicity and significantly blocked transcriptional activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase genes. Subsequently, we investigated these effects in vivo in mice fed either ND or WD in the presence or absence of EAF supplementation. In comparison to the ND controls, the WD-fed mice exhibited increases in body weight, liver weight, epididymal fat weight, and accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, and these effects were significantly attenuated by EAF supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Allium fistulosum attenuates the development of NAFLD, and EAF elicits anti-lipogenic activity in liver. Therefore, EAF represents a promising candidate for use in the development of novel therapeutic drugs or drug combinations for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 2014

The roots of Paeonia lactiflora (PL) has been traditionally used as analgesic, spasmolytic and tonic in Korea, China, and Japan. As part of a search for herbal medicine to treat diabetes and obesity, we confirmed hypoglycemic effect of PL through high fat diet-induced obese and diabetic mice experiments in vivo. Treatment of ethanolic extract from PL led to a significant decrease in glucose level, which is comparable to that of an antidiabetic drug metformin. In addition, PL selectively stimulates the transcriptional activities of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $(PPAR){\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$, and inhibits enzymatic activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), which are predicted to be therapeutic target in treatment of type2 diabetes and obesity. Especially, the n-hexane fraction (Hx) from PL ethanol extract showed more potent activities on $PPAR{\alpha}$ and than others and exihibited moderate inhibitory activity against PTP1B.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

Obesity has become one of the main public health problems. Saussurea lappa (Asteraceae), syn Aucklandia lappa and Saussurea costus, is a well-known herbal medicine that has been used for treating various ailments, such as inflammatory and gastrointestinal diseases. The present study examined the anti-obesity effect of S. lappa extract (SLE) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. SLE significantly inhibited the differentiation from preadipocytes to adipocytes of cultured 3T3-L1 in dose-dependent manner. In addition, SLE significantly decreased the body weight gain and the food efficiency ratio of mice fed HFD during 9 weeks. Further study must be performed for the pharmacological mechanism and safety of SLE as well as the identification of active compound in SLE. Our results revealed that S. lappa suppresses the adipogenesis in cultured cells and the obesity in rodent models. Therefore, S. lappa may be useful toward the development of new potent anti-obesity drugs.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2017

Objectives: In this study, the lipolytic effects of Eriobotrya folium extract (EFE) on local fat was investigated in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods: C57BL/6J mice (5 weeks) were fed HFD for 6 weeks to induce obesity. EFE (20 mg/ml, $100{\mu}l$) or saline ($100{\mu}l$) as a normal control was injected into left inguinal fat pad region, 3 times per a week for last 2 weeks. After sacrifice, body weight, and histological changes of the inguinal fat pad were evaluated. The expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in inguinal fat pad were analyzed by Western blotting. Also, lipid accumulation and lipases release were determined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by oil red o staining. Results: EFE significantly reduced the weight of inguinal fat pad and the size of adipocytes in HFD-induced obesity mice compared to control. The treatment of EFE up-regulated the expressions of HSL and ATGL in inguinal fat pads of obesity mice, as well as 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, EFE inhibited the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions: EFE showed lipolytic effect on local fat of HFD-induced obesity mice by up-regulation of the lipases secretion. This suggests that EFE could be considered as anti-obese substance with lipolytic property on local fat.