• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Irisin, a newly identified hormone, is associated with energy homeostasis. We investigated whether aged garlic extract (AGE) and exercise training intervention could improve body weight, insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle fibronectin domain containing protein 5 (FNDC-5) levels, and plasma irisin in high-fat diet (HFD). MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a ND (normal diet, n=5) or HFD (n=28) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, all rats were divided into 5 groups for the next 4 weeks: ND, (normal diet, n=5), HFD (high-fat diet, n=7), HFDA (high-fat diet + aged garlic extract, n=7), HFDE (high-fat diet + exercise, n=7), and HFDEA (high-fat diet + exercise + aged garlic extract, n=7). Exercise groups performed treadmill exercises for 15-60 min, 5 days/week, and AGE groups received AGE (2.86 g/kg, orally injected) for 4 weeks. RESULTS: Significant decreases in body weight were observed in the ND, HFDE, and HFDEA groups, as compared with the HFD group. Neither intervention affected the masses of the gastrocnemius muscle or liver. There were no significant differences in glucose levels across the groups. The homeostatic model assessments of insulin resistance were significantly higher in the HFD group, as compared with the ND, HFDA, HFDE, and HFDEA groups. However, skeletal muscle FNDC-5 levels and plasma irisin concentrations were unaffected by AGE or exercise in obese rats. AGE supplementation and exercise training did not affect skeletal muscle FNDC-5 or plasma irisin, which are associated with insulin sensitivity in obese rats. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the protection against HFD-induced increases in body fat/weight and insulin resistance that are provided by AGE supplementation and exercise training may not be mediated by the regulation of FNDC-5 or irisin.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7897-7907
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• 2014

Background: There is paucity of studies defining the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Saudi Arabia despite the surging epidemic of obesity, change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among employees at King Faisal University in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to determine the possible correlates for clustering of NCDs risk factors among them. Materials and Methods: All employees were invited to participate; the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was used for data collection which consisted of a personal interview to collect socio-demographic characteristics, NCD history, tobacco use, vegetables and fruit consumption, and physical activity (PA), followed by anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, subjects were finally subjected to biochemical tests with determination of fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Results: Of the surveyed employees (n=691), daily current smokers accounted for 22.7%. 94.9%, 95.1% and 86% consumed < 5 servings per day of vegetables, fruits and both fruits and vegetables respectively, 73% were physically inactive, 64% were overweight or obese, 22.1% had hypertension, and 21.5% were diabetics. Elevated cholesterol levels were found in 36.6%, low high density lipoproteins in 36.8%, and elevated triglycerides in 36.1%. Only 3% had no NCD risk factors, and 57.6% had ${\geq}3$ factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender (being male, adjusted odds ratio 'aOR'=1.51), aged ${\geq}50$ years (aOR=3.06), < college education (aOR=1.75), current smokers (aOR=2.37), being obese (aOR=6.96) and having a low PA level (aOR=4.59) were the significant positive predictors for clustering of NCD risk factors. Conclusions: Over fifty percent of the studied university's employees had multiple (${\geq}3$) NCD risk factors. Screening and health promotion initiatives should be launched at least targeting the modifiable factors to avert the excessive risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and several types of cancers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.308-321
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• 2001

Behavior modification is an approach to decrease degree of obesity through changing maladaptive eating habit and life style. It produces small amount of weight loss but it has few side effects and low dropout rate. It also has great effectiveness on maintenance of decreased weight. This study was performed to investigate effects of behavior modification on physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem in obese elementary school children. Sixty two students of 4th, 5th, and 6th grade were selected from two elementary schools located in the suburbs of Seoul. Thirty four children in one school were assigned to experimental group and twenty eight children in another school were assigned to control group. All subjects were healthy and were not on any type of obesity control. Behavior modification, in this study, was consisted of introduction, self-monitoring and stimuli control, education about diet and physical activities, individual counseling and reinforcement, requesting personal assistance, cognitive restructuring, and closing and long-term planning. Experimental group was received 60～70 minutes of behavior modification once a week for 8 weeks from October 16 to December 22, 2000. Control group was not received any intervention. Data were collected before and after intervention by measuring physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem. Physical variables consisted of obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat(percentage of body fat, fat mass, fat free mass), serum lipids(total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride) and serum leptin. The results were as follows ; 1. physical variables 1) Obesity index of the experimental group was significantly decreased after behavior modification. But there was no significant difference between two groups. 2) The increase of skinfold thickness was significantly low in the experimental group compared to the control group. 3) Percentage of body fat and fat mass were significantly decreased in the experimental group. Fat free mass was significantly increased in the experimental group. 4) Total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglyceride and serum leptin between the experimental group and control group showed no significant difference. LDL-C was significantly decreased in the control group. 2. Thin habit score was significantly increased in the experimental group. In subcategories of habit, thin scores of life style, attitude, social relationship, nutrition were signifi- cantly increased in the experimental group. 3. Self-esteem score was significantly increased in the experimental group. These results indicate that behavior modification is effective in decreasing percentage of body fat and fat mass, in less increasing skinfold thickness and in increasing fat free mass, thin habit, and self-esteem. In conclusion, behavior modification can be used as safe and effective strategy for managing obesity in elementary school children.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.604-616
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• 2001

This study was to investigate weight-control experience disorder and nutrient intake of college student attending web class via the internet. The subject were 1200 college students(392 male, 808 female) attending web class concerned with nutrition and weight control. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by self-administered questionnaire and data were analyzed by Students t-test and $\chi$$^2$-test. Nutrient intake collected from 3 day-recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Mean height, weight and RBW(relative body weight) of the male college students were 174.7 cm, 68.0 kg and 101.2%, respectively. Mean height, weight and RBW of the female college students were 162.3% cm, 52.7% kg and 95.3% respectively. Among the male college students, low weight were 1.0%, underweight were 12.8%, overweight were 12.5%, obese were 6.9% by RBW standard. Among the female college students, low weight were 5.1%, underweight 30.2%, overweight were 5.2%, obese were 1.5% by RBW standard. Percentages of weight control experience were 21.7% and 67.0% in the male and female college students, respectively. According to RBW, 22.4% of the weight control experience group were low weight or underweight in the female college students but none of weight control experience group were low weight or underweight in the male college students. Percentage of eating disorder were 6.8%(2.8%, male, 8.7% female) in the college students. Among the female college students, most nutrient intakes were significantly lower in the weight-control experienced group compared to the weight-control nonexperienced group. Among the male college students, there was a tendency that the intake of nutrients, except carbohydrate, calcium and vitamin A was higher in the eating disorder group compared to the non-eating disorder group. However, among the female college students, there was a tendency that the intake of nutrients, except calcium and thiamin was lower in the eating disorder group compared to the non-eating disorder group. Therefore, nutrition education via the internet is required for college students to know proper weight loss methods, desirable eating habits and eating disorder problem well.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.307-319
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• 2024

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 2019, 2021년 자료를 활용하여 중년 남성과 여성의 건강 관련 삶의 질에 따른 건강 및 식생활 특성을 비교하기 위하여 진행되었다. 40-59세 성인을 대상으로 건강 관련 삶의 질을 측정하기 위해 HINT-8을 사용하여 총점에 따라 4군 (상, 중상, 중하, 하)으로 나누었다. 남성은 건강 관련 삶의 질이 낮을수록 소득이 낮고 미혼인 비율이 높으며 음주와 흡연하는 비율이 높았고 체형을 말랐거나 비만하다고 생각하는 비율이 높았고 최근 1년 동안 체중이 증가한 비율이 높았다. 여성은 건강 관련 삶의 질이 낮을수록 나이가 많고 교육 수준과 소득이 낮고 비만인 경우가 많았으며 체형 또한 비만하다고 생각하는 비율이 높았고 최근 1년 동안 체중이 증가한 비율이 높았다. 그리고 고지혈증과 고중성지방혈증 유병 비율이 높았다. 남성과 여성 모두 삶의 질이 낮을수록 채소/버섯/해조류 및 과일의 섭취 빈도가 적었다. 본 연구에서 중년 남성과 여성의 건강 관련 삶의 질과 관련된 요인에 서로 다른 특징이 있으므로 이에 맞는 정책의 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 본 연구결과가 중년의 건강 관련 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.85-107
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• 2012

본 연구는 만화영화 <월-이(Wall-E)>의 의미를 분석하여 유아교육에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 분석방법은 Wolcott(1994)의 개념에 근거한 질적 자료 분석 방법 중 해석적 분석 모형을 사용하여 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 지구는 오염되고 파괴되어 버려진 땅으로 나온다. 액시엄은 지구를 파괴한 주체인 나태한 사람들의 안식처로, 선장실은 각성과 변화의 실마리를 얻는 공간이 된다. 둘째, 시간이 지남에 따라 액시엄은 귀환도구로 역할을 하며, 지구는 고향, 터전으로 인식되어 인간이 돌아왔을 때는 희망의 땅이 된다. 셋째, 캐릭터 중 <월-이>는 변화의 주체가 되어 자신뿐 아니라 인간들까지도 변화시킨다. 인간의 욕심은 지구에서의 생태적인 삶을 파괴하였다. 그러나 사람들과 서로 관계 맺고, 지구를 살리는 노력을 한다면 인류를 지속가능한 발전으로 이끌 수 있다. 본 영화를 분석한 결과 생태적 미디어가 가지는 특성인 자연친화 및 예찬, 자연파괴 및 현대문명 비판, 생명의 존엄성, 생태의식 함양, 공존, 공생, 상생의 원리 등의 요소들을 발견할 수 있었고, 유아들의 생명에 대한 감수성을 기르는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2002

This study attempts to develop a program for obesity prevention and management for students in primary, middle, and high school and was carried based on the program development process as suggested by Ewles and Simnett. Data were collected from September 1st to September 30th, 2000. The study method is as follows: 1) Reviewing the present obesity control programs practiced in primary, middle, and high school (196 schools total) in metropolitan, medium-sized, and small cities, 2) Surveying obesity students'(682 students total) perception of the obesity management in their school. 3) Reviewing the annual plan for obesity in primary, middle, and high schools 4) Analyzing the educational data (CD, VIDEO) for obesity The results are as below: I. The media researched related to obesity were mainly CD and video, aimed primarily primary school students and are biased in nature. 2. The results of how to manage obesity in students: the difficulty of obesity education in the primary school, is the arousal of a sense of shame among obese students and the lack of various educational data are the most. In the middle and high schools, a lack of various educational data, and no time or lack of time were prevailing concerns. Paramount in managing obesity is weight control, as answered by majority of primary, middle, and high school students. The major problem of obesity management is the non-cooperation of children. 3. Asked whether the weight controlling aspect of health care class was helpful or not, 51.4% of primary school students, and 71.6% of middle and high school students answered not. The most popular educational method used in health care class is the computer, with a 56.4% approval rating. Most 43.5% of respondents answered that they wanted the content of obesity management program to focus on how to lose weight. Therefore, based on the results, the obesity management program is constructed to the steps of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment includes administering surveys on health needs among students and their parents and physique tests. Planning includes the set-up of long term and short term educational goal and the establishment of an operation system. Implementation includes education, exercise, behavior modification, and health service programs. Evaluation includes step-by-step evaluations for obesity reduction. After this study is conducted, the following should be further researched: More practical and systematic obesity management programs should be developed for the evaluation results. In addition, it is important to develop an appropriate media for obesity management the primary, middle and high school students.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.516-523
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• 2012

본 연구는 비만과 노화가 동시에 유발된 흰쥐에서 12주간의 트레드밀 운동과 L-arginine의 투여가 복부지방량, GH, IGF-I, somatostatin, fibrinogen, PAI-1에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고 이를 개선하는데 더욱 효과적인 방법을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 단독 처치 군과 복합 처치 군으로 나누어 실험하여 그 효과를 비교, 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 복부지방량은 통제집단에 비해 모든 집단에서 유의하게 감소하였다($p$<0.01). 2. AG+EX, AG+LA+EX집단에서 통제집단에 비해 GH의 혈중 농도가 유의하게 높게 나타났다($p$<0.1). 3. AG+EX, AG+LA+EX집단에서 통제집단에 비해 IGF-I의 혈중 농도가 유의하게 증가하였다($p$<0.01).

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.301-314
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• 1999

한 농촌지역의 30세이상 성인 1304명을 대상으로 허혈성 심질환의 위험인자로 알려진 혈압, 혈청 총콜레스테롤, HDL 콜레스테롤, 공복시 혈당, 비만도를 측정하여 이들 위험요인이 분포를 조사하고 이들 허혈성 심질환의 위험요인들과 심전도상 허혈성 심질환과의 관련성을 파악하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 확정 고혈압 유병률은 남자 41.2%, 여자 41.6%이었으며 연령이 증가하면서 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 2. 고지혈증 유병률은 남자 20.6%, 여자 20.4%이었으며 여자에서만 연령이 증가하면서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.001). 3. 체질량지수에 의한 비만은 남자 23.4%, 여자 28.8%이었으며 복부/둔부 비에 의하면 남자는 사지형, 여자는 복부형이 많았다. 4. 고혈당 유병률은 남자 11.0%, 여자 12.1%이었으며 남녀 모두에서 연령이 증가하면서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.01). 5. 흡연율은 남자 63.7%, 여자 2.6%이었다. 6. 심전도 소견상 허혈성 심질환 소견을 보인율은 남자 6.7%, 여자 7.5%이었다. 7. 여자에서 혈압이 증가하면서, 남자에서 체질량지수가 증가하면서 허혈성 심질환 소견율이 높은 경향을 보였으며, 남녀 모두에서 사지형 비만에 비해 복부형 비만에서 고혈당일수록 허혈성 심질환 소견율이 높은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.646-653
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• 2002

목 적 : 최근에 비만증의 증가와 함께 소아에서 2형 당뇨병의 발생 빈도가 증가하는 경향이 있어 우리나라 소아 연령에서 2형 당뇨병의 발생빈도 및 그 특성을 규명하고자 본 연구를 시행하였으며 자궁내 성장지연과의 관계도 분석하였다. 방 법 : 1990년 3월에서 2000년 12월까지 연세의료원 소아과에서 2형 당뇨병으로 진단받은 소아 25명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 소아에서 1형 당뇨병과 2형 당뇨병은 1990년 이후에 모두 증가하였으며 소아에서 발병한 당뇨병 중 2형이 차지하는 비율은 연도별로 볼 때 1990년에 5.3%(1/19)였던 것이 2000년에 21.0%(8/38)로 급격히 증가하였다. 총 25명 중 비만군이 68%(17/25)였고 비비만군이 32%(8/25)였다. 진단 당시의 주증상은 다음, 다뇨, 다식 증상이 48%(12/25), 학교 신체 검사에서 무증상 당뇨로 발견된 경우가 40%(10/25)였고 그외 체중 감소, 비만으로 우연히 발견된 경우였다. 진단당시 평균 연령은 $12.9{\pm}1.8$세였다. 25명 중 64%(16/25)에서 당뇨병의 가족력이 있었다. 자가항체 검사는 18.1%(4/22)에서 양성이었다. 총 7례에서 동반 질환이 있었으며 비만과 관련하여 지방간 등이 있었다. 치료는 모두 진단 후 경구용 혈당 강하제를 사용하였고 혈당 조절이 잘 되지 않았던 3명에서 인슐린을 추가하였다. 장기 합병증은 4명에서 발생하였다. 자궁내 성장지연은 9명에서 있었고 이들 중 8명은 비 비만군 당뇨병이었다. 결 론 : 최근 비만증과 관련되어 소아에서 2형 당뇨병이 증가하는 추세이고 비비만군 당뇨병 환아에서는 자궁내 성장 지연이 상관관계가 있으리라고 생각되며 소아에서 2형 당뇨병은 국가적인 차원에서 예방 및 치료책이 제시되어야 할 것이다.