• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.17-31
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• 1991

The effects of environmental agents on health are great concern for all. It was recognized that each human has differential susceptibility to environmental effects. Susceptibility are changed by many factors includin gdevelopmpntal processes, genetic factors, nutritional stratus, preexisting disease conditions, life style and personal habits. Of all factors nutritional factors seem to be the area most modifiable. Consequently, It is an area that must be more thoroughly evaluated. In this paper, nutrient and environment interactions are reviewed briefly with published literatures. This paper deals with the influence of micronutrients(energy, protein and fat), Vitamins (vitamin 4, vitamin B-complex, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin I) and Minerals(calcium, iron, selenium, zinc and other minerls) on environmental effects. The role of arch nutrient was assessed in modifyine the expression of environmental pollutant toxicity with available litertures. In each nutrient section, the effect of environment was considered in following agents : heavy metals(lead, cadmium, mercury, silver and etc), inorganic agents(nitwits, sulfite, fluoride and etc), organic agents(benzene, carbon tatra-chloride, aflatoxin, auto dye, dialbrin etc), Irritant gas(ozone, carbon monooxide and etc), physical agents(X-irradiation, ultra violet, temperature and noise) and insectcides. The extent to which nutritional status modifies environmental effects 3nd its converse, how envirollments affects nutritional status is very complex. In deed, at the present time there are more than 50 chelnical/phycical agents that affect the nutrient metabolism and/or have their toxicity either directly diminished or enhanced by nutrients of those agents, small number of agents for each nutrients have sufficient evidence to warrant any reasonable degree of confidence in their hypothesized associtation. With these information at this present time it is hard to conclude that the recommended dietary allowance for each nutrient should be reconsidered.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1673-1682
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• 2013

Citrobacter sp. is a cause of significant opportunistic nosocomial infection and is frequently found in human and animal feces, soil, and sewage water, and even in industrial waste or putrefaction. Biofilm formation is an important virulence trait of Citrobacter sp. pathogens but the process and characteristics of this formation are unclear. Therefore, we employed in vitro assays to study the nutritional and environmental parameters that might influence biofilm formation of C. werkmanii BF-6 using 96-well microtiter plates. In addition, we detected the relative transcript levels of biofilm formation genes by RT-PCR. Our results indicated that the capacity of C. werkmanii BF-6 to form biofilms was affected by culture temperature, media, time, pH, and the osmotic agents glucose, sucrose, NaCl, and KCl. Confocal laser scanning microscopy results illustrated that the structure of biofilms and extracellular polysaccharide was influenced by 100 mM NaCl or 100 mM KCl. In addition, nine biofilm formation genes (bsmA, bssR, bssS, csgD, csgE, csgF, mrkA, mrkB, and mrkE) were found to contribute to planktonic and biofilm growth. Our data suggest that biofilm formation by C. werkmanii BF-6 is affected by nutritional and environmental factors, which could pave the way to the prevention and elimination of biofilm formation using proper strategies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.114-117
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• 1996

Biodegradation potential of crude oil has been studied in liquid and soil slurry culture. Studies were performed to optimize the factors affecting metabolic activity. Arabian Light(sulfur content 1%) was used as a representative crude oil and Nocardia sp. was selected as an oil degrading microorganism based on its ability to degrade and emulsify Effects of various nutritional and environmental conditions as well as emulsification and surface tension were observed. Tentative optimization of environmental and nutritional condition were as follow; pH 8, sodium nitrate as inorganic nitrogen source, yeast extract 0.05%, phosphate concentration 0.25% and glucose addition of 1.0% (w/v basis), extent of degradation to 78 %.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2019

This study examined the possible causes of nutritional inadequacy in Vietnamese immigrant women married to Korean husbands. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 34 Vietnamese marriage immigrant women and 17 Korean spouses participating in or having experienced Nutrition Plus from four Community Health Centers in Seoul, Korea. The study results showed that the nutritional staus of the Vietnamese marriage immigrant women was affected by the unfamiliar Korean food (cultural factor), low household income (economical factor), difficulty in purchasing Vietnamese food (environmental factor), and low accessibility to nutrition support systems (social factor). The Korean husbands' nutritional status was affected by the unfamiliar Vietnamese food (cultural factor), low household income (economic factor), and irregular working conditions (social factors). Nutritional interventions as a public service to the community needs to be developed and applied. Suggestions are presented regarding the future efforts to better understand and meet the nutrition needs of intermarried couples to respond to their heterogeneous needs and deliver adequate nutrition service to ever increasing intermarried families.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.491-496
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• 1998

The production of fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis BK-17 was studied in the shake flask cultures. The important medium components studied include nitrogen source, carbon source and inorganic salts. The environmental conditions include initial pH, temperature, shaking speed and working volume. Among various N-sources, C-sources and inorganic salts tested, soybean flour, D-glucose and Na2HPO4 gave the best results, and their optimal concentrations were 1.5%, 0.5% and 0.05%, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature were 9.0 and 37$^{\circ}C$. With decreasing working volume in the range of 25∼100ml in the 250ml flask or increasing shaking speed in the range of 100∼300rpm, the enzyme production was greatly enhanced. The enzyme activity under the optimal conditions was about 1400I.U./ml with urokinase as a standard.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.440-447
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• 2009

Domestic ruminant animals are reared in diverse production systems, ranging from extensive systems under semi-arid and tropical conditions with poor feed resources to intensive systems in temperate and cold areas with high quality feed. Nitrogen (N) recycling between the body and gut of ruminants plays a key role in the adaptation to such diverse nutritional conditions. Ammonia and microbial protein produced in the gut and urea synthesized in the liver are major players in N-recycling transactions. In this review, we focus on the physiological factors affecting urea production and recycling. Sheep and buffalo probably have higher abilities to reabsorb urea from the kidney compared with cattle. This affects the degree of urea-N recycling between the body and gut at both low and high N intakes. The synthesis and gut entry of urea also differs between cattle bred for either dairy or beef production. Lactating dairy cows show a higher gut entry of urea compared with growing cattle. The synthesis and recycling of urea dramatically increases after weaning, so that the functional development of the rumen exerts an essential role in N transactions. Furthermore, high ambient temperature increases urea production but reduces urea gut entry. An increase in total urea flux, caused by the return to the ornithine cycle from the gut entry, is considered to serve as a labile N pool in the whole body to permit metabolic plasticity under a variety of physiological, environmental and nutritional conditions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.243-252
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• 1983

This study was undertaken to invesigate the effect of early nutritional deprivation and environment on neurotransmitter concentrations and behavior in later life. The restoring process of rats fed foods ad libitum after 50% restriction of the casein or the Korean diet during the prenatal and/or the lactating periods was observed. There were two rearing conditions, isolated and enriched, after weaning. Behavioral development was measured by the Y- shaped water maze and the open field test. The neurotransmitters were analyzed after sacrifice at the age of 21 weeks. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The body weight impairment by dietary restriction during the prenatal and lactating periods could be restored within 18 weeks after weaning in case of living in a classical cage. The effect of quantitative restriction was bigger in the Korean diet than in the casein diet. 2) The brain weight was decreased by nutritional deprivation. Environmental enrichment increased it slightly. 3) The concentration of neurotransmitters, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, were not shown any traces of the dietary restriction at the age of 21 weeks. 4) In the maze test, the deprived rats made more errors than the nourished and the rats fed the Korean diet more than those fed the cascin dict. The environmental enrichment could decrease the number of errors. 5) In the open field test, the dietary deprived groups showed less reaction time, more squares entered in the field, and less number of fecal boli than the nourished among the environmentally isolated rats. However, rats living in the enriched cage without experience of nutritional stress showed the lowest emotionality and the elevated exploratory activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

Recently the roof gardening has become very popular and even on the apartment-veranda and on the roofs in high buildings many kinds of vegetables and berries are cultivated. And the demand of the nutritional supplement for the effective plant growth is also increasing. The general urban conditions are to be adapted for plant growth. A different hygroscopic and temperature-conditions after regions, sunshine and wind have strong influences on the plant growth and usually it is not optimal enough. It is because why a nutritional condition in soil for plant growth so important and essential. The usual compound-soil or -fertilizer cannot offer enough quantities of nutrients for plant growth and additional soil conditioner becomes more necessary. There are many kinds of soil conditioners like hydrogel in the market and we studied on Geohumus, Montigel and Geko, which are widely used in Europe and other countries. Water absorption and microbial immobilization with effective microorganisms were tested and compared. The EM solution was identified as bacteria, fungi and azotobacter etc. and they were immobilized at the soil conditioners at first. And the cultivated and immobilized at the soil conditioners EM-solution was added to the plant soil. 1 g of the soil conditioners absorbed ca. 20 g of water. The plant grew 10 cm more, got 3 times more branches and 2 times more fruits in the soil with soil conditioners immobilized with microorganisms. With water addition the plant with both conditions in the soil could stay fresh in comparison to without soil conditioners.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.341-346
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• 2001

For the purpose of mass producing Monascus red pigments optimum medium composition and environmental conditions were investigated in submerged flask cultures. The optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were determined to be 30g/L of glucose and 1.5 g/L of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Of the three metals examined, Fe$\^$2+/ showed the strongest stimulatory effect on pigment production and some stimulatory effect was also found in Mn$\^$2+/. Optimum pH and agitation speed were determined to be 6.5 and 700 rpm, respectively. Under the optimum culture conditions batch fermentation showed that the maximum biomass yield and specific productivity of red pigments were 0.20 g DCW/g glucose and, 32.5 OD$\sub$500/g DCW$\^$-1/h$\^$-1/, respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2024

Paecilomyces tenuipes (P. tenuipes) is a fungus cultivated artificially by South Korean researchers, utilizing rice bran as its substrate. The increased demand for this fungus has not been met with successful cultivation methods for fruiting body production in natural environments. Therefore, we tested the effect on the growth of P. tenuipes using a Solid media based on pests. In this results, the Solid media based on M.alternatus was effective in increasing the growth of P. tenuipes and the content of cordycepin. Moreover, we confirmed the conditions for manufacturing a Solid media based on M.alternatus for P. tenuipes growth. We suggested that the growth-promoting compounds offers valuable insights for optimizing fungal cultivation conditions, thereby enhancing productivity and contributing to a broader understanding of fungal physiology in varying nutritional environments.