• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.70-79
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• 1982

Using dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical methods of evaluation, a nutritional survey was made of 81 seven-and eight-year-old children from two schools with different socioeconomic backgrounds in Daejon city, during the October of 1980. All the children were tall and heavy in comparison with 1976 Korean standard. School A children with relatively high socioeconomic levels showed higher value in length and lower value in weight than school B children with relatively low socioeconomic levels. Mean hemoglobin values were 13.3 (school A) and 12.8 (school B) g/100 ml and hematocrits were 39.7 and 37.9%, respectively. Anemic children were not many in both schools ( A ; 0-25%, B ; 12.5-15.0% ). Urea nitrogen/creatinine ratios were 9.2 (A) and 7.8 (B). The intake of animal foods was higher in school A owing to the higher intake of milks. The intakes of all nutrients except energy and calcium were comparable to or higher than Korean recommend dietary allowances (KRDA). Riboflavin intake wae deficient in school B only. Low socioeconomic school B children had significantly lower intakes of fats, calcium, and riboflavin than school A children. Energy intakes were low as 75.9 (A) and 83.2 (B) % of KRDA but their composition of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins were satisfactory in both schools. More than one-third of protein intake was animalorigin in both schools (A ; 1.40/3, B ; 1.10/3) and calcium intake was very low as 59.0%(A) and 45.8%(B). Education levels of parents, esp. mothers, were positively correlated with Kaup indice (in school A & B) and some nutrients intakes (in school A). In school B, number of siblings and birth order showed negative correlations with some nutrient intakes.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2014

The aim of this investigation was to assess the relationship between food habits and nutrient intake in college female students. Nutrient intakes of 149 female subjects aged 19.3 y were determined by using 24-hr recall. The questionnaire included general characteristics and food habits (frequency of breakfast and fast food intake). Body composition was determined by bioim- pedance analysis. Nutrient analysis was performed with Can pro software. Statistics were generated using SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Mean intake of energy, fiber, calcium, potassium. vitamin $B_2$ and vitamin C by the subjects ware below KDRIs. The nutrients for which the largest proportion of subjects showed inadequate intakes (less than the RI or AI) were potassium, calcium, vitamin C and fiber. Subjects that consumed fast food ${\leq}6$ times showed significantly lower intakes of calcium, potassium, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin $B_6$ and vitamin C. Subjects who skipped breakfast more frequently showed significantly lower intakes of energy, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, vitamin $B_2$ and vitamin C than subjects who ate breakfast more frequently. This is strong evidence that higher intakes of nutrients such as potassium, fiber, and calcium are associated with increased frequency of eating breakfast or decreased frequency of eating fast food. Low calcium, fiber, and potassium intakes may thus lead to chronic diseases. Nutrition education can be an important facilitator for improving nutrient intakes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.892-900
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the clinical characteristics of 78 diabetics by body fat distribution pattern. It was based on the survey of nutritional status, anthropometric measurements and serum components of the patients. The results were as follows: the average ages of male and female subjects were 57.1, and that of female subjects was 58.9, respectively. The average diabetic durations of male and female subjects were 4.8 and 5.9 years, respectively. In male, the ratio of upper body obese subject was 62.5% and the lower body obese subjects was 37.5%, while those of female were 69.4% and 30.6%, respectively. In nutrient intake state, there was no significant difference between male and female subjects, but calory intake of upper body obese subjects was difference between male and female subjects, but calory intake of upper body obese subjects was tend to be higher in both male and female subjects. among the three major nutrients/calory ratio, protein/calory ratio was significantly lower in the male upper body obese subjects than in the male lower body obese subjects. Since weight, circumference of arm and waist, waist hip ratio(WHR) of both male and female subjects, body muscle mass(BMM) of male subjects and body mass index (BMI) of female subjects were significantly higher in upper body obese group, upper body obese subjects represented ore fat than lower body obese subjects. In male subjects, hemoglobin(Hb), A/G of upper body obese subjects were lower than the standard value, but there was no significant difference in the serum components between two subjects. In female subjects, Hb and A/G of lower body obese subjects were lower than those of the normal subjects, but Hb and Ht of upper body obese subjects were significantly higher than those of the lower body obese subjects.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.959-970
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary habit, nutritional condition and quality of everyday meal for college students. The number of the subjects was 102 and they were divided into three groups by their residing types; students living with their parents (n=34), students living in dormitory (n=34) and students living independently off the campus (n=34) Questionnaire, 24hour dietary recall for food intakes, and body composition analysis were used. SPSS program was used for the statistics. In general health matter, the average age for each group of students was $21.2kg/m^2$, $20.9kg/m^2$, and $21.9kg/m^2$ respectively. And heights, weights, muscle mass, body fats and BMI were not significantly different between groups. Results on dietary habit showed that students living with their parents had better meal pattern and regularity for breakfast than other groups. Also, for dietary evaluation, students living with their parents showed better extent of intake of milk than other groups. Evaluation on nutrients intake showed that amount of calcium, vitamin $B_2$, folic acid intake in student living independently off the campus were lower than those of the other groups(P<0.05). And MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) was not significantly different between groups, however INQ(Index of Nutritional Quality) and NAR(Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) of calcium were lower in off the campus group than other two groups. In conclusion, students living independently had worse eating habits and showed lower intake of calcium than those living with their parents or living in a dormitory. Therefore nutritional education for improving well-balanced dietary habits and optimal intake of nutrients are required especially for students living independently off the campus.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2010

This study was performed to develop the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) for assessing the usual dietary intake of Korean adolescents. For that, we used 24 hour recall data from the 2005 NHANES(the Third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). The cumulative percent contribution and cumulative multiple regression coefficients of 17 nutrients(energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, retinol, ${\beta}$-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C) of each food were computed. Among 687 food items, 265 food items were selected and grouped depending on similarities in ingredients, nutrient profiles, and/or culinary usage and re-added food items which were excluded for seasonal effect. Finally, total 19 food groups, 87 food items, were included in SQFFQ. Food intake frequency was quantified using nine categories. The portion size was classified depending on the average size of each selected food item. Each portion size was then categorized as one of three amounts: small (0.5 times), medium (1 times), and large (1.5 times). The SQFFQ covered 91.9% of the intake of 17 nutrients in 2005 NHANES and 86.6% in 2001 NHANES. Therefore, by testing the validity of developed SQFFQ using nutrient intakes, this list was valid to evaluate the usual daily intake in Korean adolescents.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2003

This study was performed to compare nutrient intake, bone density, total cholesterol and blood glucose in women who lived in Taegu city. The number of subjects participated in the study was 89 and they were classified into 3 groups by age. 30.3% of the subject were in their 20-34 years of age, 37.1% were in their 35～49 years of age and 32.6% were above fifty. A dietary record method was used to assess the nutritional intake of subjects. Anthropometric measurement such as body weight, height and WHR, and blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol and BMD were measured. The results were as follows, mean weight, WHR, SBP, and blood glucose and total cholesterol of the subjects above 50 years old were significantly higher than those of 20-49 years of age(p<0.05). Mean bone density in calcaneus of subjects aged above fifty was lower than those of under 49 years of age(p<0.05). Weight, BMI, waist circumference, WHR and SBP were positively correlated with age(p<0.01). WHR and body fat were positively correlated with BMI(p<0.01). Waist circumference was positively correlated with SBP(p<0.01). Bone mineral density was negatively correlated with age and SBP(p<0.01). Also BMD was positively correlated with weight(p<0.05). Energy intakes was positively correlated with bone mineral density(p<0.05). Fat intakes was negatively correlated with SBP and blood glucose(p<0.05). Calcium intakes was negatively correlated with SBP(p<0.05). Ca/P ratio was negatively correlated with age(p<0.05) and WHR(p<0.01). Zinc intakes was negatively correlated with SBP and blood glucose(p<0.05). From the findings, it is suggested that the women after menopause keep the optimum body weight and good eating habits. Especially intake of good quality protein, calcium and carbohydrate seemed to be important.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the dietary behaviors and nutrient intake of high school girls in Iksan and Seoul cities. The subjects consisted of 122 students in Iksan city, and 136 students in Seoul city. The proportion of subjects who eat meals irregularly was higher in Iksan ($94.8\%$) than in Seoul ($80.9\%$). The proportion of subjects who skip meals was also higher in Iksan ($61.5\%$) than in Seoul ($56.6\%$), and most of them ($69.7\%$) skipped breakfast, even thought they thought that it was the most important meal ($86.4\%$). The subjects tended to overeat at lunch ($41.9\%$) and dinner ($55.4\%$). The main reasons that the subjects skipped a meal were a lack of time (50.7%) and poor appetites ($23.7\%$). Most of the subjects ($57.4\%$) had tried to control their body weight by taking drugs ($40.5\%$), doing exercise ($34.5\%$), and controlling their diet ($25\%$). The average intake of nutrients and energy was significantly higher (P<0.05, p<0.01) in Iksan than in Seoul. The intake was below the RDA recommendations except for phosphorus in I ksan, but was above it except for calcium, iron, and vitamin B2, in Seoul. The indexes of nutritional quality (INQ) of calcium (0.5), iron (0.6), vitamin A (0.8), vitamin B2 (0.7), niacin (0.9), and vitamin C (0.9) were under 1.0 but those of protein (1.0), phosphorus (1.2) and thiamin (1.0) were over 1.0. The INQ of the other nutrients, except protein and vitamin C, was significantly higher in Seoul than in Iksan.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

This study was carried to investigate the effects of alcohol intake on the dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes of students in university and was observed characteristics of alcohol drinking, smoking, dietary behaviors, and nutrient intakes of students. The mean of alcohol consumption was 25.7$\pm$21.7g/day and 47.5$\pm$25.8g/day, most high of high alcohol group in the male student than other groups. Smoking were high by increasing of alcohol intake. Most students had dietary problems as skipping meals, eating snack after dinner, high frequency of eating fast and instant food, and eating meals at watching TV or video. The dietary behavior problems in the high alcohol groups showed higher in the female students than the male students. Nutritional knowledge scores was no significantly different by sex and alcohol intake. The intakes of calorie, protein, phosphorous, iron, and niacin in the male students was significantly higher than those of female students. Except for calcium, vitamin $B_2$ and vitamin C, nutrients were satisfied to the level of Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDA). Nutrient intakes was not affected by alcohol intake. But intakes of calorie, protein, phosphorous, and iron were affected by sex and vitamin C intake was affected by sex and alcohol intake.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2009

This study was investigated nutrient intakes and dietary evaluation index of the healthy subjects over 85 of Sunchang County to explore the improved dietary pattern for healthy aging of the elderly. The survey was conducted by personal interview to 161 elderly subjects (59 males and 102 females over 85) in 2006, and their daily dietary intake was assessed by 24-hr recalls and weighing one meal. The daily energy intakes of males were 1,335 ${\pm}$ 67 kcal, and those of females were 1,095 ${\pm}$ 38 kcal comprised of 66.8% and 68.4% of the EER for the age group of 75. The proportions of energy from carbohydrate : protein : lipid were 70.7 : 14.6 : 14.6 for males and 68.6 : 14.0 : 17.4 for females. The average protein intakes were 95.4% for males and 85.0% for females of RI, and the average calcium intakes were 54.3% for males and 43.6% for females of RI. The daily vitamin intakes were below 70% except vitamin A, vitamin $B_6$, and vitamin E. The proportion of the relative risk groups of protein, phosphate, iron and vitamin A ranged 40-49% of RI over 75 year groups. The other nutrient intakes showed that there were over 50% risk groups. Especially for nutrients such as calcium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, folate and niacin over 70% of the subjects were under risk. The median value of all nutrient intakes did not reach AI. The INQ of nutrients were over 0.8 except for folate and vitamin C. Calcium intakes were relatively low and needed attention. However, the ratio of calcium and phosphate showed 1 : 1.6, which appeared to be superior to the other districts. The DVS were higher as the dietary balance scores, KDDS were higher, and the groups with high KDDS had high intakes of nutrients compared to the groups with low KDDS. The high risk groups as judged by simple nutrition screening test had lower nutrient intakes than the groups of middle risk or low risk groups. The subjects in Sunchang area had relatively low intakes of several nutrients. However, judging from the desirable patterns of the energy proportion from three major nutrients, ratio of calcium and phosphate and INQ of nutrients there is a possibility that extended healthy aging might be related to the quality of nutrients and relative ratio between nutrients. To improve nutrient status of the elderly of the surveyed area further application involving KDDS and DVS appeared to be required.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2016

본 연구는 청소년의 우유 섭취, 영양 섭취 및 체력 간의 관계를 알아보고자 실시되었다. 시도교육청과 학교의 협조를 받아 선정한 중소도시에 거주하는 298명의 청소년을 대상으로 평소 식사 및 체력장 기록을 조사하였다. 우유 유제품 섭취는 식사조사를 이용해 파악하였고, 우유 유제품으로 섭취한 1일 평균 칼슘 섭취량을 우유 200 mL 중의 칼슘 함량과 비교해 1일 평균 우유칼슘당량을 구하였다. 식사조사는 식사기록법에 의해 주중 2일과 주말 1일을 포함하는 3일간 실시하였고, 식사조사지의 식사 내용을 CAN-Pro 3.0에 입력해 영양소 섭취량을 구한 후 1일 평균 영양소 섭취량을 산출하였다. 체력장 기록은 학교에서 정규적으로 실시하는 자료에 따랐다. 조사 대상 청소년의 1일 평균 우유칼슘당량은 우유칼슘당량을 기준으로 분류한 저섭취군(${\leq}0.29$/일), 중섭취군(0.30-0.78/일), 고섭취군(0.79-5.66/일)에서 모두 권장 수준인 '2'보다 낮아 조사대상자의 우유 섭취가 전반적으로 부족하였다. 1일 평균 우유칼슘당량이 높을수록 50 m 달리기와 제자리멀리뛰기 기록이 유의적으로 높았다. 그리고 대부분의 에너지 영양소, 비타민, 무기질의 1일 평균 섭취량과 50 m 달리기, 제자리멀기뛰기, 오래달리기 기록이 높은 방향으로 유의적인 상관관계가 있었다(p<0.05). 따라서 청소년기에 우유 섭취와 함께 균형잡힌 영양 섭취를 하면 체력 향상에 도움이 되므로 중등학교 가정교과의 식생활교육에서 청소년기에 1일 2컵의 우유 섭취를 실천하도록 지도해야 하며 아울러 중등학교의 학교우유급식 활성화를 위한 제도적 뒷받침도 이루어질 필요가 있다고 하겠다.