• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.40-49
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• 1997

In Korea, naked barley and tapioca are main raw materials for the production of fermentation ethyl alcohol, and one million drums bf 95% fermentation ethyl alcohol is produced per year by use of them. Stillage of alcoholic fermentation is mostly digested by methane fermentation process, and methane gas occured if methane fermentation process is recovered and mixed with fuel to decrease 25-30% for total fuel used in factories. In the anaerobic digestion process of naked barley stillage, supplement of nutrients is necessary to slove the problems caused by inhibitory materials contained if stillage and deficiency of nutrients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine why the anaerobic digesters using the naked barley distillery wastewater have shown the poor digestability frequently and how to control it. As the poor digestion was supposed to be occurred by the lack of iron as trace nutrient, the experiments were carried out to find out the optimum dosage and the way of addition of iron and to assess the quantitative evaluation of the type of iron in digesters. Initially, bottle test as batch digesters and lab-scaled continuous flow digesters were used in order to determine the digestion characteristics with tapioca and naked barley distillery wastewater. According to the results of batch tests, the poor digestion was caused by volatile fatty acids and could be improved by adding of calcium. The activity of the methanogenic bacteria were increased remarkably when the iron was added to the digester in the form of mixture with substrates.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Complex microbial communities play an important role in the human health and co-evolved with human in the form of symbiosis. Many literatures provide new evidences that the increased prevalence of obesity cannot be attributed solely to changes in the human genome, nutritional habits, or reduction of physical activity in our daily lives. The intestinal flora was recently proposed as an environmental factor responsible for the control of body weight and energy metabolism. A number of studies suggest that the modulation of gut microbiota affects host metabolism and has an impact on energy storage and demonstrated a role for the gut microbiota in weight gain, fat increase, and insulin resistance. Variations in microbiota composition are found in obese humans and mice and the microbiota from an obese mouse confers an obese phenotype when transferred to an axenic mouse. As well, the gut microbial flora plays a role in converting nutrients into calories. Specific strategies for modifying gut microbiota may be a useful means to treat or prevent obesity. Dietary modulations of gut microbiota with a view to increasing bifidobacteria have demonstrated to reduce endotoxemia and improve metabolic diseases such as obesity. The fermentation of medicinal herbs is intended to exert a favorable influence on digestability, bioavailability and pharmacological activity of herbal extract. Therefore we also expect that the fermented herbal extracts may open up a new area to treat obesity through modulating gut microbiota.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.112-127
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to get optimum operating factors of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor by introducing methods that make it to reduce inhibition possible in each process wastewater treatment. The used substrates, concentrated corn starch liquid (CSL) wastewater, modified starch, filtering and decoloring wastewater, ion refining wastewater, and mixed wastewater including modified starch and not including modified starch, are generated from molasses process. The seeding sludge is the digested sludge that had been applied to molasses wastewater. Batch test to reduce the inhibition factors that might be existed in each wastewater was examined. Based on the this test, the optimum operating factors according to alkalinity and pH variation was studied through the continuous test using three 5.5 L UASB reactor. The first reactor added $NaHCO_3$ to control alkalinity. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) reduced to 8 hours and the organic loading rate increased gradually. The second reactor changed the pH of influent from 7.0 to 6.0 using NaOH. The third reactor was operated without changes to compare the above two reactors. As the result, the inhibition in concentrated CSL wastewater was removed by adding iron (II). When trace metals were added to mixed wastewater not including modified starch, the digestability by gas production rate increased to more fifty percentage than mixed wastewater that was not adding the trace metals. The reason that the inhibition did not decreased in spite of adding trace metals and nutrients was influenced by high concentration generated during the acid fermentation. The UASB reactors using the mixed wastewater with the most effective performance were operated as 500 mg/L as $CaCO_3$ alkalinity and 6.0 pH at steady state, and at this time, the gas production rates were 283 and 311mL gas/g $COD_{added}$. The COD removal rates were 84.7 and 86.3%, respectively.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.92-94
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• 2001

본 실험은 석탄재를 이용하여 합성한 인공제올라이트의 사료적 가치를 구명하기 위하여 천연 제올라이트와 동일한 수준으로 첨가 ·급여하여 육계의 생산성 및 장내 미생물, ND항체가등에 미치는 영향을 5주간 고찰하였다. 전기 3주 동안 사료내 조단백질은 21.5%, ME 3,100kcal/kg으로 하였고 후기에는 조단백질 19%, ME 3,100kcal/kg 수준으로 급여하였다. 처리구는 대조구(무처리구), 인공제올라이트와 천연제올라이트를 각각 1.5, 3.0%를 육계용 사료에 급여하였으며, 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 16수로 전체 320수를 공시하였다. 조사항목으로 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율은 주간별로 측정하였으며, 장내 미생물, 혈중 콜레스테를 및 ND 항체가는 실험종료시에 측정하였고 영양소 이용율은 실험 종료후 대사실험을 통하여 측정하였다. 증체량은 NZ 처리구에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 대조구와 통계적인 차이가 없었고 AZ 3.0% 처리구는 대조구에 비하여 현저하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 사료섭취량은 처리구간에 차이가 없었으며 사료요구율은 AZ 3.0% 처리구에 비하여 NZ 3.0%가 현저하게 개선되었다(P<0.05). 제올라이트가 육계의 장내 미생물에 미치는 영향은 대조구와 차이가 없었으며 혈중 총콜레스테롤은 NZ 처리구가 감소하였다(P<0.05). 또한 NZ 처리구는 조섬유 소화율이 다른 처리구에 비하여 현저하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 본 실험의 결과 인공제올라이트는 1.5% 급여구에서 대조구와 비슷한 결과를 얻었으므로 사료내 첨가수준은 1.5%로 사료된다.