• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.258-271
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• 1987

This survey of 527 children, aged 4 to 6 years, focused on family and dietary environment, nutritional status and personality. It was conducted from June to October, 1986. The results showed that 68.0%(breakfast)and 55.4% (evening meal ) of the subjects indicated they had meals with the family everyday. Analysis of the nutritional status children showed all nutrient intake except protein an diron was insufficient compared with RDA. Carbohydrate provided 58.3% of total calorie intake ; protein accounted for 15.7% . fat provided 26.0%. There was a positive relation between income and nutrient intake. Children with employed mothers showed lower nutrient intake than children with unemployed mothers. Food attitude was positively related to nutrient intake, nutrient intake of children with good eating behavior was higher than that of children had poor eating behavior . Activity level had a significant correlation with intake of calories, fat, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, and Vitamin B$_2$. Mood was correlated with intake of protein, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$ and vitamin C.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.287-297
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• 1990

The status of the nutrient supplement usage of the adults in Seoul was investigated. One thousand two hundred adults from various age groups were chosen as the subject of this study. Data of this study were obtained by means of self administered questionnaire for demog-raphic characteristics(sex,age,edcation,income,occupation) and behavioral characteristics (reason for using nutrient supplement or not using,exercise,drinking & smoking). The overall response rate was 85%(n=1031). As a result, a substantial percentage(40%) of the subjects were used some kinds of nutrient supplement. The higher the age, educational level, and family income were, the higher the percentage of nutrient supplement usage was. But there was not the significant difference between sexes(38% in men vs 34% in women). And supple-ment usage was higher in the thin and obese groups than the average weight groups. Majority of subjects indicated that the information source of supplement was "Family/Friends" or "Phy-sician/Pharmacist". KEY WORDS: supplement usage vitamin/mineral supplement health food.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2015

Production of biodiesel from microalgae is dependent on the microalgal lipid content and free fatty acid composition. Both lipid and free fatty acid are regulated by nutrient sources. In this study, newly developed mutant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with higher lipid content was investigated for the effect of nutrient limitation. Nitrogen $NO_3{^{-}}$ and phosphate $PO_4{^{3-}}$ were limited for nutrient starvation during the cultivation. Under nutrient starvation, total lipid content level was increased to 27~33% and C16:0 fatty acid content constituted over 31~43% of total fatty acid. Interestingly, we also found that the expression of fatty acid desaturase (FAD7) was decreased when nutrients were starved.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.392-403
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between HbA1c level and health risk factor. For analysis, 330 elderly women aged 65 years and over were recruited in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were classified into two groups according to their HbA1c level; the diabetic group (HbA1c level${\geq}6.5%$, n=68, 20.6%) and control group (HbA1c level<6.5%, n=262, 79.4%). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, a health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups and nutrient intake. Educational level of the diabetic group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The height of the diabetic group was shorter, and percentage fat of the diabetic group was higher than those of the control group. In the diabetic group, the higher concentrations of creatinine and activity of alkaline phosphatase were found to be significantly unfavorable factors. Therefore, the diabetic group was assumed to be at risk of decreased liver and renal function. The self-rated health level of the diabetic group has a declining tendency, while the medicine intake was significantly higher than that of the control group, but there are no significant differences in visiting frequency of hospital and community health center. The distribution of physical activity showed a significant difference between the groups. Although there are no significant differences in nutrient intake, the diabetic group had relatively inferior nutrient intake of diet, especially vitamin C, as contrasted with the control group. In conclusion, the weight control and increasing physical activity may be effective in the prevention of the diabetes and continuous education and intervention by specialized nutritionists will be needed for diabetic patients. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy and the prevention of the diabetes of Korean elderly people living in rural areas.

• Journal of health informatics and statistics
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to nutrients intakes among young children aged 1-5 years and their mothers. Methods: The study subjects were 621 young children and their mothers from the data of 2nd year (2014) and 3rd year (2015) of the 6th National Health and Nutrition Survey. To find a difference of Recommended Nutrient Intake in young children and their mothers, independent t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan test as a post-hoc analysis were used. For the factors influencing young children Recommended Nutrient Intakes, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used. Results: The mean score of Recommended Nutrient Intakes was $6.92{\pm}2.17$ in young children and $4.74{\pm}2.06$ in mothers. The Recommended Nutrient Intakes of young children was increased according to gender (boy) (p=0.001), increasing young children age ($p{\leq}0.001$), young children breakfast frequency (p<0.001), mothers age (p<0.001), education level (p=0.020) and mothers lunch frequency (p=0.002) and family income (p=0.007). The Recommended Nutrient Intakes of mothers was increased according to their age (p=0.005), family income (p=0.020) and having breakfast (p=0.038). The factor that influenced young children Recommended Nutrient Intakes was their mothers Recommended Nutrient Intakes (${\beta}=0.21$, p<0.001). Conclusions: Given the results, it is necessary to establish a plan or nutrition education for young children's menu differently depending on their age and gender. Since mothers' Recommended Nutrient Intakes influence their young children's Recommended Nutrient Intakes, it is necessary to provide mothers' with nutrition education about the importance of mothers' nutrition management and right nutrient intakes, and to make customized nutrition education guidelines in consideration of mothers' characteristics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.556-563
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• 2019

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of reducing dietary metabolic energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, blood profiles, and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 240 crossbred pigs ($Duroc{\times}[Landrace{\times}Yorkshire]$) with an average body weight of $8.67{\pm}1.13kg$ were used for a 6-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block design. The first factor was two levels of dietary ME density (low ME level, 13.40 MJ/kg or high ME level, 13.82 MJ/kg) and the second factor was three dietary CP levels based on subdivision of early and late weaning phases (low CP level, 19.7%/16.9%; middle CP level, 21.7%/18.9%; or high CP level, 23.7%/20.9%). Results: Over the entire experimental period, there were no significant difference in body weight among groups, but a decrease in diet energy level was associated with an increase in average daily feed intake (p = 0.02) and decrease in gain-feed ratio (G:F) ratio (p<0.01). Decreased CP levels in the diet were associated with a linear increase in average daily gain (p<0.05) and quadratic increase in G:F ratio (p<0.05). In the early weaning period, blood urea nitrogen concentration tended to increase when ME in the diet decreased and decrease when CP level in the diet decreased (p = 0.09, p<0.01, respectively). Total protein concentration tended to increase when CP level was reduced (p = 0.08). In the late weaning period, blood urea nitrogen concentration decreased linearly as CP level decreased (p<0.01). The CP and crude fat digestibility decreased when ME was decreased by 0.42 MJ/kg (p = 0.05, p = 0.01, respectively). The CP digestibility increased linearly as CP level decreased (p = 0.01). Conclusion: A weaning pig diet containing high ME level (13.82 MJ/kg) and low CP level (19.7%/16.9%) can improve pig growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

• 생태와환경
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2011

We investigated nutrient loading and trophic states in a coastal estuarine system in the Asan estuary by assessing phytoplankton biomass and using the trophic index (TRIX). The monthly and yearly nutrient loading (TN, TP) from freshwater discharge from the Asan and Sapgyo reservoirs into the estuary were estimated and analyzed with related factors. Monitoring data (physio-chemical and biological variables) collected at five estuary stations were used to assess trophic states. Descriptive statistics of total phytoplankton cells, chl a concentrations and primary productivity were also used to assess seasonal trophic status. N loading from freshwater ranged $1.0{\sim}1.3{\times}10^4$ ton yearly. The yearly P loading ranged between 350 and 400 ton during 2004~2006, increasing to 570 ton in 2007. Regression results suggest that DIN and DSi were correlated with freshwater discharge at the upper region. Based on phytoplankton biomass and total cell abundance, the trophic state of the estuary was found to be eutrophic during spring due to phytoplankton bloom. Primary productivity level was remarkably high, especially in summer coinciding with high nutrient loading. Pheopigments increased during warm seasons, i.e. summer and fall. Trophic index results indicate that the trophic state varied between mesotrophic and eutrophic in the estuary water body, especially in the upper region. The results suggest that phytoplankton production was regulated by nutrient loading from freshwater whereas biomass was affected by other properties than nutrient loading in the Asan Estuary ecosystem.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1999

본 실험은 상추 수경재배시 지하부 환경요인이 상추의 생육에 미치는 영향을 바탕으로 식물공장에서 활용가능성이 큰 상추의 최적 근권환경을 알아보고자 수행하였다 근권부 환경조건으로는 배양액의 pH와 U를 각각 여러 가지 수준으로 실험하였다. pH 3.0을 제외한 pH 4.0~8.0에서 가시적인 생리장해 없이 양호한 생육을 나타냈으나 광합성, 증산량 및 무기이곤 흡수를 고려한 상추의 최적 배양액 pH는 pH 5.5~6.0였다. 배양액의 전기전도도는 0.8~3.6 mS.$cm^{-1}$ /로 처리하였을 때, 고농도에서는 Ca결핍으로 인한 잎끝마름증이 나타나 품질이 저하되었고 생육과 광합성이 높은 EC 1.2~l.6mS.$cm^{-1}$ /가 최적인 것으로 나타났다. 이런 결과는 상추 식물공장에서 상추의 주년생산, 공장적 대량생산 및 청정생산 등의 효율적인 재배를 하는데 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 1998

This study was performed to estimate interrelation between characteristics of sediment and nutrient releare from sediment in Dae-cheong lake. For the investigations, sediments were sampled in June and October 1997 at fish farms, embayment, and the main stream of Dae-cheong lake. Items for investigation are as follows; water content, weight loss on ignition(IG), porosity of sediment, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen(TKN), content of element(H, N, C), nutrient release rate. Water content and porosity were measured to conjecture the physical trait and grain size. And weight loss on ignition was measured to determine the contents of organic substance. For the determination of nutrient release rate, $PO_4-P$ and $NH_4-N$ concentration of interstitial water and overlying water were measured. Release rate of nutrients which has direct influenced upon the water quality were 0.05-8.63mg-$P/m^2{\cdot}day$ and 4.99-36.56mg-$N/m^2{\cdot}day$. And it was found that release rate was measured higher in the 1st sampling than in the 2nd sampling. And for determination of the humus level of sediment, carbon and nitrogen content were measured by using elemental analyzer. Generally, C/N ratio is used to determine humus level of lake sediment. As a result of elemental analysis, C/N ratio was determined in the range of 7.64~11.55, so humus level of Dae-cheong lake sediment was estimated from mesohumic state to oligohumic state.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2014

생 대추 재배에 적합한 양분관리를 위한 기초 자료를 얻고자 2011년과 2012년에 보은군 일원 서로 다른 30개 지점에서 토양 화학성을 조사하였다. 조사 토양에 대한 pH 적정범위 분포율은 2011년도 및 2012년도에 각각 27% 및 33%였고, 유기물의 분포율은 두해 모두 30%였다. 유효인산의 적정범위 분포율은 각각 7% 및 13%였고, 적정범위 이상이 각각 73% 및 57%였다. 치환성 K의 적정범위 분포율은 각각 37% 및 30%였고, 적정범위 이상이 63% 및 67%였다. 조사지점에 대한 토성 분포비율은 양질사토, 사양토, 미사질양토 및 양토가 각각 10%, 43%, 37% 및 10%이었다.