• 대한지역사회영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한지역사회영양학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.83-83
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• 2004

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: North Korean refugees (NKRs) in South Korea are a unique population as they must adapt in a new country with similar cultural traits but different social, political, and economic systems, but little research has been conducted on diet and nutrition in this population. This study examined food security, dietary behaviors, and nutrient intakes among adult NKRs living in South Korea and compared them to those of South Koreans. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 139 adult NKRs (25 men, 114 women) living in the Seoul metropolitan area, and 417 age- and sex- matched South Korean controls (SKCs; 75 men, 342 women) selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Food security and dietary behaviors (meal skipping, eating-out, meals with family, nutrition education and counseling, and nutrition label knowledge and utilization) were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. Nutrient intakes were assessed by 24-hr recall. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS ver. 23.0. RESULTS: In South Korea, food security had improved over the previous 12 months, but remained significantly poorer for NKR women than SKC women. Meal skipping was three times more frequent than for SKCs and eating-out was rare. Average energy intake was 1,509 kcal for NKR men and 1,344 kcal for NKR women, which was lower than those of SKCs (2,412 kcal and 1,789 kcal, respectively). Significantly more NKRs (men 24.0%, women 21.9%) showed simultaneously deficient intake in energy, calcium, iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin than SKCs (men 2.7% (P = 0.003), women 7.0% (P < 0.001)). NKR women had a significantly higher index of nutrient quality (INQ) for some nutrients than SK women. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports significant differences in food security, dietary behaviors, and nutrient intakes between NKRs and SKCs. Generally, NKRs reported lower intakes despite improved food security, but relatively good INQs across nutrients. Further research is needed to understand processes of food choice and consumption among NKRs to provide appropriate support aimed at improving diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.306-318
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of nurses. A total of 291 nurses working at hospitals in the Kyungnam area participated in the study. The general characteristics and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes was examined using one-day 24-hour recall method. The results were as follows : 67.7 percent of the subjects were nurses, 32.3% were nursing assistants. Average age of the subjects was 26.9 years old, average nursing experience was 5.7 years, and 70.7% of the subjects graduated from junior college. The rates of shift work (45.4%) and non-shift work (54.6%) were similar, and 91.5% of subjects worked on a three-shift a day schedule. The average nutrition knowledge score was 14.3 $\pm$ 2.5 out of a possible 20 points. Most of the nurses had experienced dietary problems such as skipping meals and overeating. Sixty-eight point three percent of the nurses had breakfast less than 3 times a week, and the main reason for skipping meals was a lack of time. Most of the nurses (74.1%) didn't exercise regularly. The average score on dietary habits was 55.6 out of 100, and most of the subjects belonged to the‘fair’group in terms of dietary habits. Married nurses, and those over 31 years of age, scored significantly higher on dietary habits than unmarried nurses, and those under 25 years of age (p < 0.001), and the scores significantly increased with increasing age. Mean daily carbohydrate and fat intake was 231.5 $\pm$ 66.1 g, 41.1 $\pm$ 18.8 g, and cholesterol and crude fiber intake was 238.2 $\pm$ 184.6 mg, 5.2 $\pm$ 2.0 g. respectively. Compared with the recommended allowances, the energy (1560.0 $\pm$ 448.5 kcal), calcium (453.8 $\pm$ 222.3 mg) iron (10.6 $\pm$ 7.6 mg), vitamin A (658.5 $\pm$ 538.1 R.E) and vitamin B$_2$ (0.96 $\pm$ 0.5 mg) figures were below the Korean RDA, and the protein (65.9 $\pm$ 31.0 g), vitamin B, (1.14 $\pm$ 0.5 mg), vitamin C (143.2 $\pm$ 119.6 mg), niacin (14.4 $\pm$ 6.3 mg) and phosphorus (958.1 $\pm$ 352.1 mg) figures were above the Korean RDA. The average carbohydrate, protein, fat ratio of energy intake was 60：17：23. The intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalance of 1：2. The dietary habits had a positive correlation (p < 0.001) with nutrition intake except vitamin A and vitamin C. Therefore, In order to improve overall dietary behavior and nutritional status, systematic nutrition education programs should be developed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.576-584
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Web-based nutrition education program for junior and senior high school students. Three materials, which were printed materials on Group I, WBI (Web-Based Instruction) leaflet on Group II and the web-based nutrition education program developed in the antecedent research, were applied for 564 students in 3 junior high school and 4 senior high school in Seoul during 4 weeks. Pre-test was done from October 21 to October 26, 2002 and post-test was done from November 25 to December 13, 2002. The statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS WIN (ver. 11.0) for descriptive analysis, t-test and ANOVA. According to the evaluation of effectiveness for web-based nutrition education program, nutrition knowledge, food attitude, food habit and nutrient intake were not significantly improved but positively. And on the evaluation of effectiveness for nutrition education program by materials, WBI was more effective educational materials than WBI leaflet and printed materials. Consequently nutrition knowledge, food attitude, food habit and nutrient intake were improved positively but not significantly using WBI, which was due to the instructional period of the only 4 weeks. Therefore long-term instruction should be required for effective nutrition program, as well as more WBI nutrition education program for high school students would need to be developed in the near future in that WBI was effective material on nutrition education.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2020

In the forest ecosystems, litterfall is an important component of the nutrient cycle that regulates the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM), the input and output of the nutrients, nutrient replenishment, biodiversity conservation, and other ecosystem functions. Therefore, a profound understanding of the major processes (litterfall production and its decomposition rate) in the cycle is vital for sustainable forest management (SFM). Despite these facts, there is still a limited knowledge in tropical forest ecosystems, and further researches are highly needed. This shortfall of research-based knowledge, especially in tropical forest ecosystems, may be a contributing factor to the lack of understanding of the role of plant litter in the forest ecosystem function for sustainable forest management, particularly in the tropical forest landscapes. Therefore, in this paper, I review the role of plant litter in tropical forest ecosystems with the aims of assessing the importance of plant litter in forest ecosystems for the biogeochemical cycle. Then, the major factors that affect the plant litter production and decomposition were identified, which could direct and contribute to future research. The small set of studies reviewed in this paper demonstrated the potential of plant litter to improve the biogeochemical cycle and nutrients in the forest ecosystems. However, further researches are needed particularly on the effect of species, forest structures, seasons, and climate factors on the plant litter production and decomposition in various types of forest ecosystems.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.717-727
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of counseling for hypertension patients. the subjects were 44 hypertension patients who visited the general, hospital, located in Daegu, to receive medical treatments. Among 44 hypertension patient, 22 patients received the nutrition counseling three times for 8 weeks and the rest of the patients didn't as a non-counseling group(control group). The lifestyle, food habit, nutrient intakes, anthropometric measurements, and body fat and blood pressure as a main index were analysed before and after the nutrition counseling. The result after the nutrition counseling are as follows: 1) Body mass index(BMI), systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) were significantly decreased in women(p<0.05). 2) The food habit score and nutrition knowledge score were dramatically increased(p<0.001). 3) The calcium intake was significantly increased in women(p<0.01). And energy, carbohydrate and fat intakes were decreased both men and women but there were no significant differences. The calcium intake as an Index of nutrition quality(INQ) and nutrient adequacy ratio(NAR) were significantly increased 5) Fat and cholesterol intakes in a group whose blood pressure reduced were significantly decreased compared with a group that had the same or higher blood pressure. These results showed that a well-planned nutrition counseling program would reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.444-451
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate how body size and weight control experience affect the nutrient intakes and the health status of adolescent females. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires with 463 female high school and college students in Daegu. Analysis of data was done by using a t-test, and ANOVA with the SAS computer program. The average height, weight and BMI of the subjects were 161.2 cm, 53.4 kg, and 20.51 kg/$m^2$ respectively. However, 25.1% of the subjects belonged to the underweight group when we divided the subjects into 3 groups- underweight, normal-weight, overweight-according to their present body size. The average Fe intake of the subjects was less than 50% of the Korean recommended dietary allowances. The dietary intakes of energy and Vit. A were significantly higher in the underweight group than in other groups. However, no significant differences among body size groups were observed in the dietary habit score and the nutritional knowledge score. It also appeared that the dietary habit score and the nutritional knowledge score of the weight control attemptees were worse than those of the non-attemptees. The physical health status of the subjects significantly differed according to weight control experience, and the psychological health status of the subjects differed with present body size. The physical health condition of the weight control attemptees was worse than the non-attemptees. and the psychological health condition of the overweight group was worse than other groups. The results indicated that unnecessary weight control in adolescent females induces unhealthy food behavior which is linked to undesirable health status.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.307-322
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• 2017

Objectives: This study examined the effects of nutrition education focused on personalized daily energy requirement and food units using Food Exchange System on anthropometric, biochemical characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrient intakes for overweight and obese in a public health center. Methods: The subjects were 60 overweight/obese women based on BMI (educated 30 vs. non-educated 30, 50~64 years). Educated group was provided individual and/or group lessons (40 min/lesson/week, 5 week), 'Introduction: obese & health', '6 nutrients and 6 food groups', 'My obesity & daily needed energy', 'Meal planning for personalized daily energy and food units using Food Exchange Systems', and 'Smart food choices'. After education, we examined the differences in anthropometric/biochemical characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrient intakes between educated group and non-educated group. Results: After nutrition education, in the educated group, there were improvements on anthropometric/biochemical characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrient intakes in the educated group compared to the non-educated group. We observed a decrease in the mean weight, total cholesterol (TC) and the incidence of overweight/obesity and hypercholesterolemia and an increase in the mean lean body mass. The scores of nutrition knowledge, 'Function of carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, mineral' and 'Food Sources of fat, vitamin, mineral' were increased. The scores of dietary attitudes, 'Taking a joyful meal, a leisurely meal, a balanced meal, a meal with sufficient vegetables, a meal with diversity, a meal with spicy foods, a meal with overeating' were increased. The intakes of energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamin A, thiamin, Zn and cholesterol were decreased. The scores of INQ, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, Ca, P, Fe, Zn were increased. Conclusions: The nutrition education focused on personalized daily energy requirement and food exchange unit using Food Exchange System for overweight and obese may improve food behavior, dietary intakes and symptoms of overweight and obese, even in a community health center.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 1993

부산시 남구 감만동 소재의 어린이집 원아 99명과 어머니를 대상으로 1992년 7월 1일 부터 7월 14일 까지 어머니의 영양지식과 식생활태도가 유아의 영양실태에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 )어머니의 영양지식 점수가 높을수록 식생활태도가 좋은 것으로 나타났다 2)어머니의 영양지식 수준과 식생활태도는 교육수준이 높아질 수록 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 3)어머니의 취업과 영양지식의 상관도는 높았으나, 취업과 식생활태도는 유의적 상관을 보이지 않았다. 4)어머니의 교육수준과 유아의 단백질, 지방, 칼슘, niacin의 섭취량은 고도의 유의성을 보였고, 어머니의 영양지식과 비타민 A, 비타민 C는 음의 상관을 나타냈다. 어머니의 식생활태도가 좋을수록 유아의 영양섭취도 좋아졌고, 단백질, 칼슘, 지방과는 유의적 상관을 보였다. 어머니의 취업과 유아의 에너지섭취량, 비타민 A, 비타민 B$_1$, 비타민 C, niacin의 섭취량이 음식의 상관을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 5)유아의 발육상태는 어머니의 교육수준이나 영양지식 정도보다는 식생활태도와 높은 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 어머니의 취업과는 음의 상관을 보였다. 6)유아의 식사다양도는 어머니의 교육수준이 높을수록, 식생활태도가 좋을수록, 높게 나타났으며, 어머니의 영양지식과는 유의적 상관을 보이지 않았고, 어머니의 취업과는 음의 상관을 나타냈다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.234-247
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumption and perception of high caloric-low nutrient dense foods in middle school students in the Daegu. Among 550 questionnaires distributed to students in Daegu, 528 (256 boys and 272 girls) were analyzed. A little higher than 80% of students ate snacks everyday, and 43.4%, 29.0%, and 8.1% ate snacks once, twice, and three times or more per day, respectively. Snacks and foods most frequently consumed were ice cream, fried noodles, drinks, cookies, and baked goods. Energy supply from snacks was 104.8~356.9 Kcal/intake while that from meal substitution foods was 520.7~980 Kcal/intake. Students' knowledge score of high caloric-low nutrient dense foods was $6.51{\pm}3.02$ out of 10 points. Sixty percent of students did not read nutrition labels, but 67.9% of them thought that they need nutrition education by nutrition teachers. Students recognized the criteria of high caloric-low nutrient dense foods as well as proper food selection for essential educational items, It was concluded that effective education should be implemented in middle schools by nutrition teachers for students to develop good habits in selecting snacks and foods.