• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.170-185
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore nutrition teachers/dietitians' perception towards production management practices as well as the importance & performance of nutrient preservation during production by school foodservices. A total of 120 school nutrition teachers/dietitians in the Daegu area participated in this study. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, t-test, and ANOVA using SPSS/Windows (ver 17.0). A questionnaire consisted of three dimensions with 66 items concerning the general characteristics of schools and respondents, production management practices, and perceived importance and performance of nutrient preservation. Exactly 79.2% of dietitians responded that scheduling of production management is necessary, and 52.5% of respondents perceived that their knowledge for nutrient preservation is of normal/average level. Thirty-eight percent of respondents did not establish scheduling of production management; according to them, cooking stage has priority over other stages of nutrient preservation. Perceived importance score was higher than perceived performance score in all stages of production management. The difference between perceived importance and performance in the production scheduling stage was found to be statistically significant. The results indicate that nutrition control point should be established and managed to prevent nutrient loss in all production stages. Further, dietitians who do not take measures to reduce nutrient loss should be carefully educated on the importance of nutrient control and be motivated to follow guidelines on nutrient preservation.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.211-220
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• 2002

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in many functions. Humans are unable to synthesize vitamin C de novo, because they lack the last enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway. Previous Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin C were based on prevention of deficiency with a margin of safety. However preventing deficiency may not be equivalent to ideal nutrient intake. Recommendation should be based on vitamin function in relation to concentration. For this goal, data set of the relationship between wide-range of vitamin C dose and resulting concentrations in plasma and tissues and characterization of functional outcomes in relation to these concentrations should be acquired. This article reviews the current knowledge in these areas and suggest how this knowledge may contribute toward establishing dietary guideline for ideal vitamin C intake.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.1157-1168
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• 2002

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in many functions. Humans are unable to synthesize vitamin C de novo, because they lack the last enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway. Previous Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin C were based on prevention of deficiency with a margin of safety. However preventing deficiency may not be equivalent to ideal nutrient intake. Recommendation should be based on vitamin function in relation to concentration. For this goal, data set of the relationship between wide-range of vitamin C dose and resulting concentrations in plasma and tissues and characterization of functional outcomes in relation to these concentrations should be acquired. This article reviews the current knowledge in these areas and suggest how this knowledge may contribute toward establishing dietary guideline for ideal vitamin C intake.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.54-70
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• 2002

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in many functions. Humans are unable to synthesize vitamin C do novo, because they lack the last enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway. Previous Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin C were based on prevention of deficiency with a margin of safety. However preventing deficiency may not be equivalent to ideal nutrient intake. Recommendation should be based on vitamin function in relation to concentration. For this goal, data set of the relationship between wide-range of vitamin C dose and resulting concentrations in plasma and tissues and characterization of functional outcomes in relation to these concentrations should be acquired. This article reviews the current knowledge in these areas and suggest how this knowledge may contribute toward establishing dietary guideline for ideal vitamin C intake.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary behaviors of adult women, and to examine if these characteristics were different by acne status. Subjects were 106 adult women residing in Seoul recruited from clients and employers at skin care centers, and housewives from apartment complexes. Surrey instrument was adapted or modified based on literature review and dietary intakes were assessed using 24-hour recalls for two days and CAN-pro. All data was statistically analyzed using x$^2$test and ANOVA. When examined by acne status, 41.5% of subjects were categorized into acne group, 20.8% were as ex-acne group, and 37.7% as no-acne group. Parental experience of acne was significantly related to acne status(p〈 0.01). Education, employmental status, and smoking or drinking status were not related to acne status. Subjects had a moderate level of nutritional knowledge(72.7 point) and the nutritional knowledge store was not significantly different by acne status. When examined by individual items, the groups showed significant difference on the items regarding vitamin C and necessity of carbohydrates(p 〈 0.05). Subjects showed favorable dietary attitudes. Although the acne group showed more favorable attitudes on the importance of nutrition on acne, the overall dietary attitudes of the acne group were not significantly different from the ex-acne group or no-acne group. Similarly only small differences were noticed in dietary behaviors or nutrient intakes by acne status. Cholesterol consumption was hitgher in the no-acne group than in the acne group or ex-acne group(p 〈 0.01). The intakes of energy, iron, and calcium was much below the RDA in three groups. Although there were not many significant differences in nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary behaviors by acne status, this study provided some baseline information regarding study variables by acne status.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.501-510
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the dietary attitudes, nutrition knowledge, nutrient intake, eating-related characteristics of dancing major and non-major female university students. The survey was conducted from October 1 to November 10, 2003 by questionnaires and data analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: 25.5% of the underweight group, 53.6% of the normal weight group, 12.5% of the overweight group and 66.7% of the obese group had correct perception about their body image. Eighty-one point three percent of the dancing majors and 77.2% of the non-majors were concerned about weight control, and 71.3% of the dancing majors and 64.5% of the non-majors had weight control experiences. There were no significant differences in nutrition knowledge scores and dietary attitude scores between dancing majors and non-majors. There were no significant differences in ‘predisposition to obesity scores’ between dancing majors and non-majors, and the scores were low. ‘Predisposition to anorexia’ scores and ‘uncontrollable urges to eat’ scores were significantly higher in the dancing majors compared to the non-majors. Intakes of the nutrients were lower than those of the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), except vitamin C in the dancing majors. Intakes of calories, calcium and iron were lower than those of the RDAs in the non-majors. Dietary attitude was positively correlated with nutrition knowledge but was negatively correlated with ‘uncont-rollable urges to eat’. In the dancing majors, ‘predisposition to obesity’ showed significantly positive correlation with obesity rate and ‘uncontrollable urges to eat’ and was negatively correlated with nutrition knowledge and dietary attitude. In the non-majors, obesity rate showed positive correlation with ‘predisposition to obesity’ and ‘uncontrollable urges to eat’. Therefore proper nutritional education program and recommended dietary allowances are required for dancing majors to improve their nutritional status.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.578-588
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutrition education program on nutrition knowledge, eating behaviors, food habit, nutrient intakes in obese children and their parents who live in Gumi city. The subjects were 16 obese boys, 20 obese girls with obesity index over 130% and 36 of their parents. The nutrition education for the subjects was carried out by the professional personnel such as doctors, professors, and dietitians. The children were provided with well-balanced lunch meals and had 40 min-lectures on the reasonable weight management, 40 min-games and also had regular exercises (stretching, swimming) for 90 mins everyday during 2 weeks of the program. The parents had 90 min-lectures on childhood obesity, diet therapy, behavior modification, and exercise for 6 times. The nutrition knowledge, eating behaviors and food habits were surveyed by using questionnaires before and after the education. The nutrition intakes of the children were surveyed before and after the education by 3-day food record method. The nutrition intakes of the parents were surveyed before and after the education by using semi-quantity questionnaires. After the education, the mean nutrition knowledge scores were significantly improved compared with the pretest scores in both children and parents. After the education, all subjects' eating behaviors were significantly changed positively and calorie and carbohydrates intakes were significantly decreased and vit. C was significantly increased in obese children. The food habits of the parents were significantly improved after the education. These findings show that the well-designed nutrition education program for obese children and their parents can be an effective approach to help them to improve their nutrition knowledge and to establish desirable food habits and eating behaviors.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.146-158
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• 2000

This study was designed to develop, implement and evaluate a nutrition education program for elementary school children. Subjects consisted of 47 children in the 6th grade in Seoul, Korea. They received five sessions of nutrition education from June to July, 1999. Topics for nutrition education included function of nutrients, food sources of nutrients, balanced diet, meal planning, and adequate energy intake. Each session lasted 40 minutes. To evaluate program effectiveness, one group pretest-posttest design was used. Subjects were given a pretest and a posttest on nutrition knowledge, eating attitudes, eating behavior, and dietary intake. All data were statistically analyzed mainly using the paired t-test and $\chi$$^2$-test. There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest score on nutrition knowledge(p<0.001), subscales of nutrition knowledge including food sources of nutrients, function of nutrients, and balanced diet(p<0.001). These changes in nutrition knowledge were also shown both in boys(p<0.001) and in girls(p<0.001). Eating attitudes, subscales of eating attitudes, and eating behavior were not significantly changed after nutrition education, although some changes were observed in these variables. Dietary intakes were not significantly were not significantly changed after nutrition education for all subjects ; however, different patterns in dietary intakes were observed when examined by sex. There was an increase in nutrient intakes among boys, while there was a significant decrease in nutrient intakes among girls after program implementation. Especially, it was noted that girls had diets deficient in iron, calcium, and vitamin A, even after nutrition education. It was concluded that a five-week nutrition education program can improve nutrition knowledge or some dietary intake, but this might not be enough to induce changes in food attitudes, eating behavior or dietary intakes. It might be necessary to incorporate diverse approaches, targeting sub-groups of children, and follow-up in nutrition education for elementary school children. (J Community Nutrition 2(2) : 146∼158, 2000)

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 1991

This survey was carried out to Investigate the effects of dietary attitude on the nutrition knowledge, food habits, the daily average nutrient Intakes and the intake of Instant food, convenience food & fast food between college women and their mothers. Questionnaires were completed by 214 college nutrition majors and also by their mothers numbering at 173. College women's mothers showed a better average in meal time regularities per week than that of. college women. Also it is the fact that the college women had a higher frequency rate of instant food and fast food than their mothers. In the case of both college women and mothers if they eat at regular meal times they had a higher score in food habits. But the daily average nutrient intakes was not significant because of the fact that the meal time regularity and nutrient intakes 414 not concise. The higher frequency of instant food intake had a lower score in food habits and nutrition knowledge. The higher frequency of fast food Intake had a higher food habits score but it also had a lower score in nutrition knowledge. As in the intake of instant food and convenience food the college women had a higher Intake frequency. In the dietary pattern the college women they liked to eat (lour foods. But their mothers liked to eat Korean foods. The selective motive and the degree of satisfaction of food service industry product was for convenience and time saving. The food service industry products were found to be unsatisfactory in nutrition and sanitation. Therefore we must be more aware of preventing the disappearance of Korean traditional foods. For the continuing development of our dietary culture we need to have the food service industry to develop more suitable diet for Korean.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.188-196
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition counseling on diabetes management by determining changes in anthropometry and blood components as well as knowledge and practice of diet therapy and nutrient intake in 34 (male 11, female 23) type 2 diabetes patients. The knowledge and the practice of diet therapy, drinking, smoking and exercise were analyzed by questionnaires. Dietary nutrient intake were obtained from the patients by the 1 day 24-hr recall. Blood glucose level and blood pressure were measured before and 3 months after the treatment. The results are summarized as follows: Average weight (p<0.05) and body mass index (p<0.05) were significantly lower post-counseling. Fasting blood glucose levels (p<0.01) and postprandial-2hour blood glucose levels (p<0.01) were also significantly lower post-counseling. In lifestyle changes for self-management the patients showed significantly higher exercise habits post-counseling (p<0.01). Regarding their level of diet knowledge, they showed significantly higher levels post-counseling in six items such as importance of diet therapy for diabetes (p<0.001), principles of diet therapy (p<0.001), nutrient composition of foods (p<0.01), carbohydrate composition of foods (p<0.001), the prescribed calories (p<0.001) understanding food item and exchange units of cereals, grains (p<0.001) and fruits, juices (p<0.001). Regarding their diet practices, the patients showed significantly higher levels of practice post-counseling in keeping within permitted meal size (p<0.001), using food exchange lists (p<0.001), keeping exact meal times (p<0.01), and controling sweet foods (p<0.001). Protein (p<0.05), animal lipid (p<0.05), and vitamin C (p<0.05) intakes were significantly higher post-counseling.