• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 1999

This study was performed to survey the general feature of reservoir sediment in Daecheong, Sapkyo and Kumkang reservoir. For investigations, sediments were sampled at four sites in Dae-Cheong and two sites in SapKyo and Kumkang in June and October. The items for investigation are as follows; water content, loss on ignition(IG), porosity of sediment, contents of element such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus contents and nutrient release rates. Loss on ignition was measured to determine the contents of organic substance. And its ranges were determined 2.4~16.2% in Daecheong reservoir, 5.6~27.9% in Sapkyo and 4.8~18.7% in Kumkang reservoir. And, total phosphorus contents in sediments were measured $677{\sim}5,238{\mu}g/g$ in Daecheong, $780{\sim}1,417{\mu}g/g$ in Sapkyo and $604{\sim}1,452{\mu}g/g$ in Kumkang reservoir. And release rates of nutrients were calculated $0.05{\sim}8.63mgP/m^2day$ and $4.99{\sim}36.56mgN/m^2day$ in Daecheong, $1.83{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}3.23{\times}10^{-2}mgP/m^2day$ and $1.97{\sim}.22mgN/m^2day$ in Sapkyo, $8.31{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}6.51{\times}10^{-2}mgP/m^2day$ and $0.89{\sim}4.42mgN/m^2day$ in Kumkang reservoir, respectively. And this study attempted to determine the humus level of sediments. As a result of elemental analysis, C/N ratio was determined 3.0~13.1 in Daecheong reservoir, 6.5~13.0 in Sapkyo and 3.6~12.6 in Kumkang reservoir, respectively. From the elemental analysis, humus levels of reservoirs were changed from mesohumic to oligohumic state in all reservoirs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.1 s.28
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

In order to develop the deep ocean water, the characteristics of vertical distribution of dissolved trace metals(Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were investigated from Apr. to Oct., 2005 in the East Sea. Total six sampling sites were selected in Gangwon-Do and Gyeongsangbuk-Do. Accuracy of the analytical procedures was assessed by the SRM(CASS-4) for dissolved metals in seawater. The mean recoveries cf CASS-4 ranged from 89.4% for Co to 99.8% for Cd. In this study, the dissolved metal concentrations varied with space, time and element. The metal concentrations showed wide range in the surface. Cd, Ni and Zn showed a nutrient-type profile with surface depletion and enrichment at depths. However, Co, Cu and Pb were irregular in the vertical distribution. All metal concentrations studied in this study are lower than the criteria cf Korean drinking water.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.772-782
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• 1993

This study was conducted to assess the relationships between maternal dietary intakes and milk contents of minerals and trace elements, and the correlation among levels of these milk constituents. Maternal dietary intakes were measured and milk samples were collected at 2∼5 days, 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks postpartum from 29 lactating women. The results obtained are sumarized as follows: 1) The overall mean nutrient intakes of lactating women in this study were below the recommended allowances and there were extensive individual variations between subjects. 2) Concentrations of minerals and trace elements in matured human milk showed the same range reported from different countries with the exception of calcium, magnesium, manganese and molybdenum which were relatively high. 3) There were no significant relationships between maternal dietary intakes of minerals and the corresponding mineral levels of human milk. In addition, no significant correlations were found between maternal vitamin C intake and the iron contents of milk. These were significant positive correlations between maternal calcium intake and the magnesium level of milk ; between maternal protein intake and the contents of zinc and copper in human milk. Maternal energy intake was negatively correlated with milk sodium level. 4) Pearson correlation coefficient showed positive significant relationships between levels of 17 pairs of various mineral and trace elements : sodium and potassium, iron ; potassium and calcium, phosphors, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese ; calcium and magnesium, iron manganese, molybdenm, nickel ; magnesium and iron, molybdenum ; iron and copper ; nickel and manganese.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 1982

In 1980, rice was considerably damaged by abnormal low temperature. In this paper, to determine the effect of low temperature on the growth and nutrition of rice, the experiment were carried out: varietal response to low temperature in the region with different elevations. Regional differences of heading response to low temperature were observed among varieties. The difference of days between regions were bigger in tongil lines than Japonica lines. Especially, Milyang 42 and Hangangchalbeo might belong the cold suceptible group, since the varieties were severely delayed their heading in the high mountainous region as comparred to plain region. The delay of heading with low temperature was brought out grain sterility, and fertility and ripening ratio is influenced cold tolerance and elevations, and it's decreased yield. Varieties with higher grain sterility by low temperature have higher total nitrogen content, but tended to have lower potassium and phosphate contents in the flag leaf. High content of total nitrogen, low contents of potassium and silicate were observed in the sterilized grain chaff an the opposite result were noted in the ferilized grain chaff at the ripening stage. The results reveal that the balance of these mineral element may play an important role in ripening and possibly cold tolerance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 1979

Through several trials that has done for making the fertilizing-counter plan on the soil improving species, some results have been got as follows; 1. In the non-phosphorus dressing plots soil improving species have very poor survial ratio and show us to be died step by step. It may be resons that root can not make the nodule in case of non-phosphorus dressing and so tree could not absorb the nitrogen nutrient fixed by the nodule. And root competition with the weedy speces for utilizing the nutrient and oxygen in the soil could be reasons when planting in the heavy weedy rooting site. 2. Triple super phosphate, Fused Mg Phosphate and Fused super phosphate have showed the remarkable effects on the growth of soil improving species within 3rd year after planting. But Koreaan tablet fertilizer(9-12-4) for forest purpose have reacted considerably lower effect in comparision with the above powder and grain type phosphorous fertilizer. 3. In case of tablet type fertilizer tree root will have very little phosphorus absorbing surface because phosphorus can be utilized only from the tablet surface and root can not penetrate into the tablet. This my be reson to show the poor dressing reaction of tablet fertilizer but tablet fertilizer has a possibility to be utilized during long years as a sympton in photo 6. So tablet fertilizer can have a recommendation to dress much fertilizer at p]anting year and then tree root can get much more chance for absorbing the phosphorus that could keep the high survival and for utilizing it during many years without after dressing. 4. The granurar and powder type phosphate can develop the dense root mat like photo 8 because of giving the large surface for absorbing the phosphorus and weedy root can approch to the nodule for taking the nitrogen element. So this type seems to present better effect than tablet type to control the soil movement, stem weight as 200g per meter(l meter long${\times}$0.1m width). When added the lime any effect could not be found and rather give the negative effect. So Lespedeza seed sowing and phosphorus dressing system seems us to be very reasonable method for covering the raw material of basket making, fodder and fuel wood supply. 7. Fused Mg phosphate and Fused super phosphate are good fertilizer to the soil improving species and dressing more than 30g per seedling can be recommendable amount. 5. In the unproductive and dry soil with phosphorus fertilizer Robinia pseudoacacia and Alnus firnui can grow more than 2.3m in height at 3rd year and Alnus inokumae have the rapid height growth that is more than 1.8m at 2nd year. Depending on the growth situation like the above example minirotated management has possibilities and rapid covering of erosed land can be done with the soil improving species and phosphorus fertilizer. 6. In the Lespedeza sowing plot with 40g Fused Mg phosphate dressing per meter in the eroded and unproductive forest soil Lespedeza have completely covered this poor land and produced the green.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.426-435
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• 2010

The present study attempts to compare the soil chemical characteristics and biological activities (i.e. microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities), and litter decomposition rate of Arundinella hirta and Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens) collected from serpentine and non-serpentine sites by litter bag techniques at serpentine and non-serpentine field experiment sites over a 9-month period. The serpentine soil showed higher pH and soil alkaliphosphatase activity, and lower soil dehydrogenase and urease activities than the non-serpentine soil. Microbial biomass-N at the serpentine soil was larger than the non-serpentine soil, although the microbial biomass-C and microbial biomass-N represented no significant difference between serpentine and non-serpentine soil. These results suggest that the larger microbial biomass-N caused the lower C/N in serpentine soil. At the end of the experiment, the litter samples of A. hirta and M. sinensis collected from serpentine soil revealed a 39.8% and 38.5% mass loss, and the litter sample from non-serpentine soil also showed a 41.1% and 41.7% mass loss at the serpentine site. On the other hand, at the non-serpentine site, 42.2%, 37.4%, and 46.8%, 44.8% were respectively shown. These results demonstrate that the litter decomposition rate is more intensely affected by the heavy metal content of leaf litter than soil contamination. Moreover, the litter collected from the serpentine soil had a lower C/N, whereas the litter decomposition rate was slower than the litter from the non-serpentine soil, because the heavy metal inhibition activities on the litter decomposition process were more conspicuous than the effect of litter qualities such as C/N ratio or lignin/N. The nutrient element content in the decomposing litter was gradually leached out, but heavy metals and Mg were accumulated in the decaying litter. This phenomenon was conspicuous at the serpentine site during the process of decomposition.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.631-636
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• 2010

One experiment was carried out to investigate the soil chemical properties of bracken growth and the inorganic element contents of plant. To the results of soil analysis in native bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L.) growth, soil pH was 5.2, organic matter was 19 g $kg^{-1}$ and available phosphate was 20 mg $kg^{-1}$, and exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium were 0.32, 2.0 and 1.3 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. In the bracken cultivation soil, pH was 5.7, organic matter was 13 g $kg^{-1}$ and available phosphate 367 mg $kg^{-1}$, and exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium were 0.81, 4.0 and 1.4 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The soil pH, available phosphate and exchangeable calcium were much lower in bracken native soil than those of cultivation soil, while organic matter was a little higher in native soil than that of cultivation soil. In native bracken plants, three major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, were 4.40, 0.55 and 3.40%, calcium and magnesium were 0.22 and 0.32%, and microelements of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and boron were 126, 210, 23, 75 and 11 mg $kg^{-1}$, respectively. In cultivation bracken, three major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, were 5.50, 0.73 and 3.55%, calcium and magnesium were 0.17 and 0.28%, and microelement contents of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) were 120, 252, 19, 72 and 20 mg $kg^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-70
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• 2011

The numerous efforts have been made in understanding generation and transportation mechanism of nonpoint source pollutants from agricultural areas. Also, the water quality degradation has been exacerbated over the years in many parts of Korea as well as other countries. Nonpoint source pollutants are transported into waterbodies with direct runoff and baseflow. It has been generally thought that groundwater quality is not that severe compared with surface water quality. However its impacts on groundwater in the vicinity of stream quality is not negligible in agricultural areas. The SWAT model has been widely used in hydrology and water quality studies worldwide because of its flexibilities and accuracies. The spatial property of each HRU, which is the basic computational element, is not presented. Thus, the SWAT HRU mapping module was developed in this study and was applied to the study watershed to evaluate recharge rate and $NO_3-N$ loads in groundwater. The $NO_3-N$ loads in groundwater on agricultural fields were higher than on forests because of commercial fertilizers and manure applied in agricultural fields. The $NO_3-N$ loads were different among various crops because of differences in crop nutrient uptake, amount of fertilizer applied, soil properties in the field. As shown in this study, the SWAT HRU mapping module can be efficiently used to evaluate the pollutant contribution via baseflow in agricultural watershed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2020

This study analyzed the components contained in the pine needles of first and second-year-olds to analyze the factors that the in vivo content of inorganic elements affects the sex determination of pine trees. In response, the plan for pine tree plant and maintenance was intended to be presented in consideration of the reproductive environment and physiological characteristics. The results are as follows. First, last year, when there were many encyclopedias, the analyzed N(%) content was found to be high. The nitrogen content of the previous year's soil was found to affect the production of the spheres the following year. This is believed to be possible to reduce the rate of Pine pollen produced in the new plant in the following year through a dispute over quality consumption in the spring of the previous year. Second, the weapons elements involved in the Pine cones and the generation of the Pine pollen in the new plant appeared to be P(%), K(%), Ca(%), and Fe(%). However, the nutrients from the previous year's leaves of Ca(%) and Fe(%) were found to have a low influence on the sex determination of first-year pine trees. Because Ca(%) and Fe(%) are not able to move nutrients accumulated in aging organs due to the nature of the components, feeding nutrients in the fall when the growth of the previous year's branches is reduced is expected to affect oral generation. Third, pine trees are extremely positive and Pine pollen is related to the time of the northeast wind. Therefore, it is believed that it would be good to be located in the northern direction, where the sunlight is good, in an outdoor space. In addition, it is important to use vaginal consumer products in spring and carry out a quarrel involving Mg and Fe during fall to reduce the effect of the Pine pollen, which is an outdoor plant. This is an important part of maintaining and managing pine trees in outdoor spaces as well as the sex determination of pine trees. This study suggested that plant planning, which derives the correlation between pine inorganic element content on sexual determination and takes into account the physiological characteristics of pine trees, is an important issue in the creation of outdoor space. Follow-up research on other factors affecting pine tree sex determination is expected.