• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.390-394
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• 2003

In the post-genome period, the technique for identifying gene expression has been progressed to high throughput screening. In the field of molecular nutrition, the use of screening techniques to clarify molecular function of specific nutrients would be very advantageous. In this study, we have evaluated Zn-regulated gene expression in Zn-deficient, homocystein-treated EA.hy926 cells, using cDNA microarray, which can be used to screen the expression of many genes simultaneously. The information obtained can be used for preliminary assessment of molecular and signaling events modulated by Zn under pro-atherogenic conditions. EA.hy926 cells derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured in Zn-adequate (control, 15 $\mu$M Zn) or Zn-deficient (experimental, 0 $\mu$M Zn) Dulbecco's MEM media under high homocysteine level (100 $\mu$M) for 3 days of post-confluency. Cells were harvested and RNA was extracted. Total RNA was reverse-transcribed and the synthesized cDNA was labeled with Cy3 or Cy5. Fluorescent labeled cDNA probe was applied to microarray slides for hybridization, and the slide was then scanned using a fluorescence scanner. The expression of seven genes was found to be significantly decreased, and one significantly increased, in response to treatment of EA.hy926 cells with Zn-deficient medium, compared with Zn-supplemented medium. The upregulated genes were oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle-related genes and transporter genes. The down-regulated gene was RelB, a component of the NF-kappaB complex of transcription factors. The results of this study imply the effectiveness of cDNA microarray for expression profiling of a singly nutrient deficiency, namely Zn. Furthur study, using tailored-cDNA array and vascular endothelial cell lines, would be beneficial to clarify the molecular function of Zn in atherosclerosis, more in detail.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2004

Isoflavones have been a central subject in research on the natural phytoestrogens found in Leguminosae. Their effects on bone formation and remodeling are important in that they can act like estrogen by binding on estrogen receptors on the target cell surface. We, therefore, believed that isoflavones may help in the treatment of patients with estrogen deficiency disease such as estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for osteoporosis. As commonly known, osteoporosis is one of the hormonal deficiency diseases, especially in menopausal women. When estrogen is no longer produced in the body a remarkable bone remodeling process occurs, and the associated events are regulated by growth factors in the osteoblast lineage. In the present study, we investigated whether isoflavones (Isocal) extracted from Sophorae fructus affect the growth factors IGF-I and TGF-$\beta$ that have been known to be related with bone formation. In the study, we found that the active control (PIII) effectively enhanced the level of nitric oxide (NO) and growth factors, and thereby inhibited osteoclastogenesis. The most efficient concentration was $10^{-8}$% within five days, whereas the comparative control (soybean isoflavone) was not as effective even at a lower concentration. In conclusion, the products which contain enriched glucosidic isoflavone and nutrient supplements such as shark cartilage and calcium can be used for osteoporosis therapy by enhancing the production of IGF-I and TGF-$\beta$. Furthermore, the NO produced through endothelial constitutive NO synthase (ecNOS) may playa role in inhibiting bone reabsorption.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.75-94
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• 2008

현대사회의 식생활 행태는 영양보충제와 건강보조식품의 사용 증가 및 영양소의 과다 섭취 문제에 따른 새로운 식생활 구조 변화와 건강 및 질병 양상 관리를 위해서는 새로운 개념이 도입되고 적용되기 위하여 2005년 한국인을 위한 영양섭취기준을 설정하게 되었으며 현재 새로운 개념의 영양섭취기준은 우리의 올바른 영양건강상태 관리는 물론 합리적인 식생활 관리 분야에서 적용되고 있으며 이에 따른 다양한 관련 분야의 식품, 영양학 분야에서 활용이 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국인 영양섭취기준을 중심으로 변화된 식생활 영역의 내용을 알아보고 올바른 이해를 통하여 개정된 교육과정에 준한 새 교과서에 적용할 수 있도록 방향 제시를 함으로서 새 교과서의 식생활 영역에 있어 내용의 충실함과 질적 향상을 도모하고자 하는데 목적을 가지고 있다. 한국인 영양섭취기준은 지금까지 사용된 영양권장량보다 보다 다각적인 측면에서 기준을 제공하므로 실제 적용 현장에서도 이해하는 정도와 적용 가능 여부에 대하여 어려움이 있는 실정이다. 더욱이 중학생 수준에서의 적용 수준을 결정하는 것은 어려운 일이다. 더욱이 7차 교육과정에 비해 개정 교육과정은 식생활영역의 내용의 제시 위치 및 분량 그리고 구성 요소의 근거 등에 변화가 있어 훨씬 어렵게 접근되어져야 하는 부분이다. 이는 국가의 미래를 책임질 어린이와 청소년의 학교교육에서 인간에게 가장 기본적이고 중요한 생활을 실천하는 실천 교과인 본 가정 교과의 새로운 교육 과정에 적용을 위해서는 새롭게 도입된 영양섭취 기준에 관한 올바른 이해를 통하여 실제 생활에 적용하여 실천할 수 있도록 노력해야 할 것이다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.399-403
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• 2000

대추나무 잎 이상황화현상이 나타난 과원 토양의 산도는 건전과원 pH 5.6에 비해 pH 5.0으로 매우 강한 산성이었고, 유효인산의 함량은 이상과원이 $645mg\;kg^{-1}$로 매우 높았으나, Mg와 Mn의 함량은 이상과원이 낮았으며, K, Zn, Cu, B의 함량은 큰 차이가 없었다. 이상황화현상은 이현통에서 발생빈도가 가장 높았고, 규암통, 극락통에서도 다소 발생하는 경향이었는데, 이들 토양은 과거에 사과를 재배하였던 토양들이었다. 토양의 Ca/Mg, P/Ca, P/Cu, P/Zn 함량비는 건전과원에 비해 이상과원이 매우 높았으나 Mn/Fe, P/Fe는 이상과원이 낮게 나타났다. 대추나무 잎의 무기성분함량은 건전엽에 비해 이상황화현상이 나타난 잎에 Mg, Fe, N, Zn 함량이 낮았고, K와 Mn의 함량은 높게 나타났으며, 잎의 P/Zn, P/Ca, P/Fe, P/Mn의 함량비는 건전엽에 비해 이상황화현상이 나타난 잎이 높았고, Zn/Fe, Mn/Fe의 함량비는 건전엽에 비해 이상엽이 다소 낮았다. 그러므로 대추나무 잎의 이상황화현상은 토양 양분의 과부족과 양분간의 함량비에 기인되는 영양생리장애 현상인 것으로 추측된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.373-386
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• 2017

본 시험은 전국의 광역친환경 농업단지 중에서 모범적으로 친환경 농업을 실천하고 있는 3곳(장흥, 순천, 옥천)의 벼 농가를 대상으로 시기별로 양분 분석을 하였다. 장흥지역 농가만이 경축자원 순환농업을 실천하고 있는 것으로 관찰되었다. 광역친환경 벼 농업단지의 3~9월 사이의 시기별 토양 pH는 5.5~6.7의 분포를 보였고, EC는 $0.4{\sim}1.0dS\;m^{-1}$으로 나타났다. 시기별 토양 전질소는 순천 농가에서 높았고 칼륨은 옥천 농가에서 낮은 수준을 보였다. 시기별 토양 암모늄태 질소는 봄철 비료 시용으로 6월 전후에 상승하였고, 장흥 농가에서 가장 높은 수준을 보이다가 이후 크게 감소하였다. 수량과 수확지수가 가장 높았던 옥천 농가에서 ha당 연간 조수입이 다른 농가보다 세배 가까이 높은 수준을 보였다. 비교적 많은 비료를 투입한 옥천 농가에서 시기별 양분수지가 높았고, 순천 농가의 ha당 칼륨 수지는 9월에 약 -60 kg까지 관찰되어 칼륨 결핍에 따른 생산성 저하에 일부 영향을 주었을 것으로 추정되었다. 시기별 전질소와 인산수지는 장흥 농가에서 가장 낮은 수준을 보였고 벼 낟알의 질소이용효율도 가장 높아서 광역친환경 농업단지의 추천할 만한 사례 농가로 평가되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1255-1266
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• 2017

Phosphorus (P) is an essential and major nutrient for both plants and animals. However, anthropogenic P in the environment may cause severe problems such as the deterioration of water quality. Therefore, it is essential for the Korean government to manage P in the agricultural sector. The annual P budget for Korea was 46 kg P ha-1 in 2013, placing Korea in second among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. P surplus and deficiency in agricultural lands can be estimated according to the P budget, which is one of the OECD agri-environment indicators. In the P budget, it is important to ensure consistency in the input-output data sources, in order to apply national and regional policies for the environmentally sound management of agricultural P. This study examines the impacts on the input-output data sources in the regional P budget in Korea. P budgets were between 99-145 kg-P/ha, depending on different data sources. We suggest two recommended data combinations (DC 1 and DC 2) for reliability of the data. P budgets calculated using DC 1 and DC 2 were 128 kg-P/ha and 97 kg-P/ha, respectively. According to the results, one of the core factors affecting P budgets was crop production. In this study, DC 2 was recommended rather than DC 1 in order to consider the cultivated areas for various crops. It is also necessary to analyze the sensitivity of the coefficients used in P budget in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.899-907
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate dietary habits and nutritional intake according to body mass index (BMI) of female college students. The subjects were 1361 students with a mean age of 20.4 years residing in Seoul and Kyonggui area. BMI (kg/) between $\geq$ 18.5 to $\leq$ 23 was considered as nonnal, < 18.5 as underweight and > 23 as overweight. The subjects had a mean BMI of 20.0 kg/$m^2$ and 25% of them were classified as underweight group, 67% as normal group and 8% as overweight group. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency method and consumption of foods and nutrients was analyzed. Frequency of meal skipping was higher in the overweight group, 16.1 % of the overweight group skipped dinner. Also, the frequency of snack intake was lowest in the overweight group. The overweight group consumed less meat and fish than the normal and underweight groups. The total number of foods consumed in a day was also significantly lower than that of the underweight and normal group. The overweight group consumed less energy, protein, fat, phosphorus and niacin than the underweight and normal groups. The overweight group took iron and sodium intake lower than the normal group. Mean intakes of nutrients except clacium and iron in all three groups were over Korea RDA. The NAR (nutrient adequacy ratio) value of all nutrients, except calcium, was lower in the overweight group when compared to the normal and underweight groups, and the MAR (mean adequacy ratio) of the overweight group was 0.89, which was lower than 0.92 of the underweight and 0.93 of the normal group. The above results indicated that the deficiency of major nutrients such as calcium and iron could be inducde by less kinds of consumed foods and frequent meal skipping including dinner in the overweighted group. Therefore, balanced nutrient intake is required to maintain skeletal health and prevent anemia in overweighted female college students aged twenties.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.228-244
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• 1998

The nutritional status of 362 elderly men and women in Chung-bud area was evaluated in terms of their nutrient intakes, biochemical and anthrophometric measurements by interviews with questionnaires from August to October 1996. Mean intake of all nutrients except ascorbic acid did not meet the RDA for this sample. Protein, vit A, reboflavin, calcium were the most likely to be deficient on the basis of propotions of elderly consuming less than 75% of the RDA. The subjects nutrient intake was significantly affected by gender, marital status, number of family, family composition, educational level, pocket money, and region. Men in rural areas and women over 75 in urban areas were the most vulnerable groups with nutritional deficiency. According to serum biochemical indices, mean level of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, total protein, albumin and iron belonged to normal range but mean level of HDL showed below the normal range. More elderly men and women in urban areas showed a higher percentage of abormal level of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL than those in rural areas. More elderly men and women in rural areas had abnormal levels of RBC, Hematocrit and hemoglobin compared to those in urban areas. Mean height and weight of elderly men was 161.4cm and 56.2Kg, respectively and 149.1cm and 50.5kg for women. The elderly in rural areas were taller than those in urban areas but had less weight, MAC, TSF, MAMC. Mean BMI of this sample belonged to normal range. However, the elderly in rural areas had a higher rate of underweight and lower for overweight than those in urban areas. The elderly in urban areas had higher blood pressure than those in rural areas.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.970-981
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• 2002

To assess riboflavin status by dietary intake and urinary excretion of preschool children in Busan and to evaluate the relationship of intakes of food and nutrient with urinary riboflavin excretion, riboflavin food frequencies of 40 common foods affecting intakes of riboflavin by food fequency method, nutrient intake by 24hr recall and 24hr urinary riboflavin excretion were measured with 97 preschool children. The mean riboflavin intake was 0.90 mg and above RDA. Dairy group was the primary source of riboflavin intake and provided 44.8% of the total daily riboflavin intake. The mean urinary riboflavin excretion and riboflavin excretion per gram of creatinine were 395.21$\mu\textrm{g}$ and 2110.41$\mu\textrm{g}$ respectively, The mean riboflavin intake (p<0.01, p<0.01), riboflavin density (p <0.001, p<0.001) and urinary riboflavin excretion per gram of creatinine (p<0.05, p<0.05) were significantly low with the two patterns of food group intake where dairy group was omitted (GMVFDS = 111101, consuming no dairy group and GMVFDS=l11001, consuming no fruit and dairy groups). On the basis of urinary riboflavin excretion per gram of creatinine, 14.3% of subjects in the group aged 1 to 3 and 18.2% of subjects in the group aged 4 to 6 were at risk of deficiency respectively. The urinary riboflavin excretion per gram of creatinine showed positive significant correlations with usual intakes of riboflavin from food groups of dairy (p<0.05), meat (p<0.05) and animal (p<0.05). So nutritional education is needed in order to consume dairy food group daily and to increase usual intake of animal food group including meat.(Korean J Nutrition 35(9) : 970~981, 2002)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-43
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• 1970

There is no any reports on nation-wide nutrition survey since 1947 in Korea, During the period only the small scaled nutrition surveys have been reported by several investigators. Authors, under the financial support from the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Republic of Korea, had conducted a nation-wide nutrition survey, including dietary, clinical, and socio-economical aspects, during the period from 29th of July to 15th of August, 1969. Number of households surveyed and population distribution are shown in Table II-2 and age and sex distribution of the population surveyed are also in Table II-3 in this report. Average food and nutrient intakes are shown in Tables II-6, II-7 and II-8 respectively. For the detailed discussions on food and nutrient intakes, see the Tables II-9 through II-11 and Figures II-1 through II-10 in this report. Anthropometric data are shown in Tables III-1 through III-4 and in Figures III-1 through III-4. Data of deficiency diseases are shown in Table III-5 and in Figure III-5 in this report. Socio-economical data are shown in Tables IV-1 through IV-26 and in Figures IV-1 through IV-3 in this report.