• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.245-257
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• 2001

This study analyzed the services as operated by the Child Health Telephone Service Center. The Center is a toll free service operated as part of the community services of the Korean Academic Society of Child Health Nursing. The aim of the study was to describe the concerns of child caregivers regarding child health care as discussed during telephone counseling. Specific objectives were as follows: 1. To analyze the activities of the Center. 2. To describe the characteristics of caregivers who made phone calls for counseling services and also the characteristics of their children. 3. To analyze the content of the counseling sessions. 4. To analyze counseling content according to the characteristics of the caregivers and their children. Data used for the study were obtained from the counseling records for the period from Sept. to Dec. 1999, as kept by the three counselors at the Center. The total number of calls was 8,261 and that consisted of 15,150 questions. The total questions were merged into 13,236 by eliminating those questions which overlapped or were of similar content. The final 13,236 questions were used for the final analyses. Almost of the callers (98.4％) were mothers. Among them 89.6％ were between 25 and 35 years of age. Geographical distribution of the callers covered the whole nation. The largest numbers who made the calls were from the Seoul metropolitan area (36％), followed by 28％ from Kyung Gi Province, and 20％ were from the Kyung Sang area. Among 8,261 callers, 72.8％ were first users. Sex of the babies and children in question for counseling was about even for males and females and ages ranged from one month to six years. The largest group (62.5％) was the less than six month age group. The finalized 13,236 questions/problems were categorized into 11 problem areas. They were in order of frequency, physical problems, feedings and nutrient concerns, information on child rearing, growth and development, guidance on utilization of child care facilities, elimination problems, sleeping concerns, immunization related concerns, behavior problems, injury and accidents, and safety measures. The most frequent problems for counseling were physical signs and symptoms (27.3％), followed by feeding and nutrients, information on child rearing, and growth and development. Of physical problems, abnormal gastrointestinal signs and symptoms were the most frequent concern and skin problems were next at 25％ and 23.3％ respectively. Loose bowels, vomiting and constipation were the most frequent gastrointestinal problems. Atopic dermatitis had the highest frequency at 53.3％ with diaper rash being the second highest among the skin problems. About 80％ of the growth and developmental category were physical development concerns related to physiological, body growth, and motor and sensory development. This study constitutes the activity report for the first year of the Center. The findings correspond with literature reports on child health problems and parents educational needs. One recommendation from this study is that since the services of the Center are carried out only by telephone, the psychology of the counselees and the counselor relationship must be considered for better services.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.151-161
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• 2006

This study was made to find out how health practice affect on nutrition status of the college freshmen in male and female. 400 freshmen students in 4year colleges were surveyed. Questionnaire and blood analysis were made. The contents of questionnaire contained general characteristics, health practice behavior, and food intake. The physical measurement included height, weight and blood pressure. The questions for health practice were about drinking, smoking, BMI, skipping breakfast and sleeping. Nutrient intake was expressed by DDS(Dietary Diversity Score by 5 food groups) and DVS (Dietary Variety Score) and 24-hrs recall method was used to find out the quantity of daily food intake. EAR% was calculated and NAR and MAR were produced. The results are as follows: 1) BMI was $22.77kg/m^2$ for males and $20.42kg/m^2$ for females. The ratio maintaining normal weight indicated by BMI of 18.5-23 was higher(p<0.001) for female students(63.2%) than males(56.5%). The ratio of overweight with over $23kg/m^2$ of BMI was 28.5% for males and 8.8% for females(p<0.001). 2)The ratio of drinking students was 59.4% for males and 40.6% for female(p<0.001). And the ratio of smoking students was 95.2% for males and 4.8% for females(p<0.001). 3) The ratio of poor health practice group was 35.7% for males and 25.5% for females, and that of excellent one was 25.4% for males and 33.1% for females(p<0.05). 4) In NAR, the lowest ratio was observed for the intake of Ca, Fe, Vitamin C and Vitamin $B_2$. The intake of Fe, Vitamin $B_2$ and phosphorus were different significantly according to sexuality. For Fe, female students showed lower level than male students(p<0.001). For Vitamin $B_2$, and phosphorus female students showed higher level(p<0.001). 5) In MAR, there was no difference according to sexuality in almost all of the ingredients. 6) For energy intake, male and female students showed 59% and 66% of EAR and it was insufficient for them. 7) For protein, more than 100% was obtained. The lowest ratio was observed for the intake of vitamin C 50.8%, Ca 53.6% and Fe 65.1% of EAR were obtained. The lowest intake ratio and for the intake of Fe female students obtained just 37.5% of EAR showing high risk of anemia. The intake of energy(p<0.001), phosphorus(p<0.01), niacin(p<0.05), Fe(p<0.001), and Vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.001) were different significantly according to sexuality. For Fe, female students showed lower level than male students(p<0.001). For energy, phosphorus, niacin, and Vitamin $B_2$ female students showed higher level(p<0.001) than male students. 8) For blood pressure, male students showed normal level of 120.7/79.1 mmHg, however, female students showed 114.5/75.4 mmHg lower than male (p<0.001). 9). In blood, for hemoglobin female students showed significantly lower level than that of male(p<0.001). T-Cholesterol and HDL-Cholesterol female students showed higher level than males (p<0.001), And for triglyceride male students showed higher level than females(p<0.001). Ca and Fe female students showed lower level (p<0.001).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2015

Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] grows well in harsh environmental conditions, and is cultivated as one of the top seven food crops in the world. Recently, sweetpotato is drawing interest from people as a healthy food because it is high in dietary fiber, vitamins, carotenoids and overall nutrition value. However, few studies have been conducted on sweetpotato genome sequencing in spite of its importance. This review is aimed at increasing the efficiency of sweetpotato genome sequencing research as well as establishing a base for gene utilization in order to control useful traits. Recently, animal and plant genome sequencing projects increased significantly. However, sweetpotato genome sequencing has not been performed due to polyploidy and heterogeneity problems in its genome. Meanwhile research on its transcriptome has been conducted actively. Recently, a draft of the diploid sweetpotato genome was reported in 2015 by Japanese researchers. In addition, the Korea-China-Japan Trilateral Research Association of Sweetpotato (TRAS) has conducted research on gene map construction and genome sequencing of the hexaploid sweetpotato Xushu 18 since 2014. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the 'sweetpotato genomic sequencing to develop genomic tools for Sub-Sahara Africa breeding program'. The chloroplast genome sequence acquired during sweetpotato genome sequencing is used in evolutionary analyses. In this review, the trend of research in the sweetpotato genome sequencing was analyzed. Research trend analysis like this will provide researchers working toward sweetpotato productivity and nutrient improvement with information on the status of sweetpotato genome research. This will contribute to solving world food, energy and environmental problems.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.551-560
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• 2013

Environmental factors and epilithic diatom communities in the lower streams near the harbor region of South Korean peninsula were examined during no monsoon period in May 2013. The sampling of water and epilithic diatoms was conducted at both streams, 19 regulated streams (RS) that there are one or several dams constructed in the river system, and 19 un-regulated streams (US) that there are no dams within the river. A cluster analysis based on the number of species and abundance of epilithic diatoms through the stations, divided into three groups such as groups I (mainly US), II (mixed with US and RS) and III (mainly RS), respectively. Group I showed that water quality is good and high diversity of diatom, while Group II and III was water quality is relatively poor, but not differed in biomass of diatom from Group I. In addition, Group II that had high conductivity, nitrogen and phosphorus, was the lowest in diatom diversity among them. Dominant species were Nitzschia palea (17%) and Navicula seminuloides (11%) in Group I, Nitzschia inconspicua (19%) and Navicula perminuta (9%) in Group II, and Nitzschia inconspicua (15%) and Nitzschia palea (14%) in Group III, respectively. These taxa were widely distributed in brackish water, and not closely related with specific water quality, like eutrophic water. However, the groups II and III belonged to RS, had not only little biomass, but bad water quality such as high concentrations of nutrient and chlorophyll-a. Therefore, to determine the effect of dam construction on the lower water ecosystem, the planktonic algae, which can occur algal bloom in the estuary, also was considered to be a parallel investigation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2020

In order to create the national food nutrient database, a total of 41 animal foods (ham, seafood, edible insects and eggs) were analyzed for their vitamin B₁₂ content and the applied immunoaffinity-HPLC was verified. Ham vitamin B₁₂ contents were 0.30-0.65 ㎍/100 g. Seafood showed relatively high vitamin B₁₂ level, where the values of fermented clam were the highest (26.80 ㎍/100 g) followed by fermented pollack roe. Vitamin B₁₂ was not detected in silkworm pupae and beetles, while relatively high levels were found in the two-spotted cricket imago (6.70 ㎍/100 g). Chicken and quail egg yolk had roughly 100- and 30-times higher vitamin B₁₂ levels as compared to their egg white. Vitamin B₁₂ contents in quail and chicken eggs were significantly enhanced by boiling (p<0.05). Results based on accuracy (97-102% recovery) and precision (<5% RSD) indicate that this study provides reliable vitamin B₁₂ information on animal foods consumed in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.228-234
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• 2004

In organic farming, nutrients for the crop production are mostly supplied by compost containing various organic materials. The long-term organic cultivation would result in continuous changes of soil chemical properties and fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of long-term organic cultivation to the soil fertility in Korea focusing on the chemical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from organic farms that had been cultivated for 8-10 years after certification of organic product through the conversion periods of 2-3 years. Thereby each organic farm had acquired optimal cultivating techniques and soil condition. We separated organic farms into three groups by cultivating crops, i.e. leaf vegetables, fruit vegetables and fruit trees. In each group, five representative farms were chosen in order to investigate the relationships between application rate of compost and nutrient contents in soil. The application rate of compost was approximately $10-15Mg\;10a^{-1}$ for the first 2-3 years at the beginning of organic farming and then reduced to a rate of $3-4Mg\;10a^{-1}$ after stabilization of organic matter content in soil with $30-50g\;10a^{-1}$. However, the continuous organic farming for 8-10 years resulted in accumulation of nutrients, especially of P, in soil probably due to the excessive amounts of compost applied. In conclusion, we suggest that the application rate and organic sources of compost should be decided on the basis of P content in soil by soil testing and thereafter the lack of soil N content for crop cultivation should be compensated by crop rotation with such as legumes. This might be an approach to the original meaning of organic farming as an environmental friendly agriculture.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.781-786
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• 2013

Nutrients fortified dairy products declare their contents on the label for nutrition claim and marketing. However, there are few monitoring studies about relations between actual quantities of fortified nutrients and the described ones on the label. This study was carried out for comparing actual fortified nutrient contents with labeled ones. Forty calcium fortified dairy products and twenty four fructooligosaccharides (FOS) fortified dairy products were sampled at supermarkets located in Anyang, Korea from March to November in 2010. Calcium contents were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry followed by microwave sample digestion, and FOS contents were analyzed by HPLC-ELSD followed by solvent extraction. In fresh milk, calcium contents ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 mg/mL, and those values were 87~127% of their labeled contents. In fermented milk products and cheeses, calcium contents ranged from 0.3 to 1.6 mg/g (89~131% of their labeled contents), 4.2 to 23.0 mg/g (83~127% of their labeled contents), respectively. FOS contents ranged from 9.09 to 18.89 mg/g in FOS contents labeled products and showed 83~154% compared to their labeled quantity, and ranged from 1.3~30.8 mg/g in products without quantity labeling. In conclusion, the amounts of calcium and FOS in dairy products were above 80% compared to their labeled ones and conformed to the Korean official livestock products labeling standard.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.268-276
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study is to estimate total sugar intake and identify major food sources of total sugar intake in the diet of the Korean population. Methods: Dietary intake data of 33,745 subjects aged one year and over from the KNHANES 2008-2011 were used in the analysis. Information on dietary intake was obtained by one day 24-hour recall method in KNHANES. A database for total sugar content of foods reported in the KNHANES was established using Release 25 of the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, a total sugar database from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and information from nutrition labeling of processed foods. With this database, total sugar intake of each subject was estimated from dietary intake data using SAS. Results: Mean total sugar intake of Koreans was 61.4 g/person/day, corresponding to 12.8% of total daily energy intake. More than half of this amount (35.0 g/day, 7.1% of daily energy intake) was from processed foods. The top five processed food sources of total sugar intake for Koreans were granulated sugar, carbonated beverages, coffee, breads, and fruit and vegetable drinks. Compared to other age groups, total sugar intake of adolescents and young adults was much higher (12 to 18 yrs, 69.6 g/day and 19 to 29 yrs, 68.4 g/day) with higher beverage intake that beverage-driven sugar amounted up to 25% of total sugar intake. Conclusion: This study revealed that more elaborated and customized measures are needed for control of sugar intake of different subpopulation groups, even though current total sugar intake of Koreans was within the range (10-20% of daily energy intake) recommended by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. In addition, development of a more reliable database on total sugar and added sugar content of foods commonly consumed by Koreans is warranted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1142-1149
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• 2002

This study was designed to standardize recipe and analyze the nutrients of Aguyjjim (stewed angler), a kind of native local foods in Busan. The results of this study are summarized as follows. The form of angler and its way to catch for a bait were recorded in Jasanobo, but the recipe was not written. While angler was used as manure or feed once, it was boomed for Aguyjjim since 80's, accredited as high-quality fish and protein-rich food. The standard recipe of Aguyjjim was prepared (through 3 times experimental cooking), being based on the recipe of cookbooks and restaurants. Then standard recipe was subjected to sensory evaluation. All sensory properties (appearance, smell, texture etc.) of Aguyiiim were evaluated as “like slight S, moderately”in hedonic scale. Energy per 100 g of the Aguyjjim was 89 kcal. It contained protein (10.7 g), fat (1.3 g), fiber (2.6 g), Ca (45 mg), Fe (1.3 mg) and so on. Amino acid is mainly comprised glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Free amino acid contents such as asparagine, glutamic acid, taurine were high. Fatty acid primarily consisted of unsaturated fatty acid like oleic acid, linoleic acid. Traditional foods are based on that of local foods. However, there has been little study looking into the recipes and nutritional value of local foods. Aiming at development of traditional food, the present study offered the standard cuisine of Aguyiiim that is a kind of local foods in Busan. In addition, it presented the composition of nutrients, amino acids and fatty acids. This data would be helpful for houses, restaurants and food service facilities to revive the local foods.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2017

Objective of this research was to investigate the influence of lowered substrate pH on the reduction of bicarbonate injury in the vegetative growth of 'Ssanta' strawberry. The acid substrate was formulated by mixing sphagnum peat moss with pine bark (5:5, v/v) and the pH, EC, and CEC of the substrate were 4.07, $0.46dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and $91.3cmol^+{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, respectively. To adjust the pH of acid substrate, various amount of dolomitic lime [$CaMg(CO_3)_2$] were incorporated with the rate of 0 (untreated), 1, 2, 3, and $4g{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Then, mother plants were transplanted and grown with fertilizer solution containing $240mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of the $HCO_3{^-}$ and equal concentrations of essential nutrients to Hoagland solution. In growth of 'Ssanta' strawberry, fresh weight of mother plants were the highest in the treatment of $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime such as 102.1 g followed by 94.7 g in $1g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 91.2 g in $3g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 75.7 g in $0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and 72.3 g in $4g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatments. The dry weight showed a similar tendency to fresh weight. At 140 days after transplanting, 5.8, 9.8, 11.8, 8.8, and 5.0 daughter plants were derived from each of the mother plants in the treatments of 0, 1, 2, 3, and $4g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime, respectively. The highest occurrence of daughter plants were observed in the treatments $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime. The substrate pH and bicarbonate concentration of 'Ssanta' strawberry seedlings in the 1 and $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime treatments were maintained at a proper range such as 5.6 to 6.2. The micro-nutrient contents of above ground tissue in mother plants were the highest in $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and the lowest in $4g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime treatment. The above results indicate that incorporation rate of dolomitic lime in acid substrate with the pH of around 4 is $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ to raise the 'Ssanta' strawberry in propagation.