• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2008

A numerical study for three-dimensional laminar flow in the entrance region of helical tubes connected with straight ones is carried out to investigate the effects of Reynolds number, pitch and curvature ratio on the oscillation periods of the flow. The fully elliptic governing equations were solved by means of a finite volume method. The fully developed laminar flow boundary condition was applied at the straight tube inlet. This results cover a curvature ratio range of 1/10${\sim}$1/320, a pitch range of 0.0${\sim}$3.2, and a Reynolds number range of 62.5${\sim}$2000. A comparison is made with previous experimental correlations and numerical data. The developments of velocity, local and average friction factors are discussed. The average friction factors are oscillatory in the entrance region of helical pipes. It has been found that the angle required for the flow to be similarly developed is most affected by the curvature ratio. The pitch and Reynolds number do not have any significant effect on the angle. The characteristic angle ${\phi}_c(={\phi}/sqrt{\delta})$, or the characteristic length to diameter ratio $s_c(=l\sqrt{\delta} cos(atan{\lambda})/d)$, can be useful to represent the development of flow in helical tubes. As the pitch increases and as the curvature ratio and Reynolds number decrease, the amplitude and the number of flow oscillations along the main streamwise direction decrease.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.245-258
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• 1986

入射長波에 의해 발생하는 강제 副振動 現象을 밝히기 위한 2次元 數値모델을 개발하여 우리나라주요 港灣中 副振動이 가장 빈번히 觀測되는 迎日 과 浦港新項 에 적용하였다. 本 硏究의 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 數値모델에 의해 구한 硏究 海灣 의 固有週期는 迎日 의 경우 제1固有週期는 약 70분이고, 第2固有週期는 약 25분 이며 浦港新項의 경우 第1固有週期는 약 25분이고, 제 2고유주기는 약 7.5분이다. 이는 理論式 Spectrum 분석, 統計調査에 의해 구한 週期와도 잘 일치함이 確認되었 다. 2. 迎日 第2固有週期와 浦港新項의 第1固有週期는 거의 같다. 그러므로 迎日 내로 25분주기의 長波가 들어올 때 浦港新項내의 海面 副振動은 강하게 增幅될 수 있다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2013

The concept of the natural frequency is useful for understanding the characters of oscillating systems. However, when a circular cylinder floating horizontally on the water surface is heaving, due to the hydrodynamic forces, the system is not governed by the equation like that of the harmonic one. In this paper, in order to shed some lights on the more correct use of the concept of the natural frequency, a problem of the heaving circular cylinder is analyzed in the time domain. The equation of motion, an integro-differential equation, was derived following the fashion of Cummins (1962), and its coefficients including the retardation function were obtained using the numerical solution of Lee (2012). The equation was solved numerically, and the experiment was also carried out in the CNU flume. Using our numerical and experimental results, the natural frequency was defined as its average value given by the motion data excluding those of the initial stage. Our results were then compared with those of the existing investigations such as Maskell and Ursell (1970), Ito (1977) and Yeung (1982) as well as the newly obtained results of Lee (2012). Comparison showed that the natural frequency obtained here agrees well with that of Lee (2012), which was found through the frequency domain analysis. It was also shown that the approximation of heaving motion by a damped harmonic oscillation, which was regarded as suitable by most previous investigators, is not physically suitable for the reason that can be clearly shown through comparing the shape of MCFRs(Modulus of Complex Frequency Response). Furthermore, we found that although the previous approximations yield the damping ratio significantly different from our result the magnitude of natural frequency is not much different from our result.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2010

OWC 파력발전장치는 에너지 변환장치로 널리 사용되고 있고 공기실의 작동성능을 향상시키기 위하여 파랑집중장치를 고안 하였다. 본 논문에서 사용된 수치조파수조는 two-phase VOF모델을 기반으로 하여 구현되었고 재생된 규칙 입사파는 공기실까지 전달되어 내부의 왕복 유동장을 형성하게 하였다. 수치조파수조는 연속방정식, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes방정식, two-phase VOF 법으로 구성 되였고 standard k- 난류모델, 유한체적법, NITA-PISO 알고리즘 그리고 dynamic mesh기능을 채택하였다. OWC 공기실 파랑집중장치의 성능에 대하여 수치적으로 고찰하였다.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2019

회전익 드론의 후류에서 발생하는 강한 유동과 살포되는 농약 노즐에서의 스프레이 유동이 동반될 경우, 극심한 기체의 요동과 함께 액적 유동은 바람의 영향을 크게 받게 된다. 특히 액적은 공기역학적인 항력의 영향을 받기 때문에 단순한 제자리 비행과는 달리 전진 비행을 할 경우 또는 측풍을 받고 있을 경우, 살포 영역에 큰 변화가 발생한다. 이로 인하여 드론을 활용한 농약살포에는 보다 큰 비산의 위험성이나 위치간의 낙하분산에 차이가 커져 효율성이 떨어질 수 있는 문제가 생긴다. 따라서 적절한 수치 모델링과 이를 적용한 전산 시뮬레이션을 통하여 다양한 비행 및 대기 조건을 적용할 수 있는 예측 도구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 로터에서 나오는 강한 하풍과 드론의 비행속도에 따른 액적 유동 특성에 대해 실험 및 수치해석을 진행하였으며, 액적이 분포하는 확률밀도함수를 구하여 서로 비교함으로써 농약살포용 드론에서 액적을 살포할 시 효율성을 증진시킬 수 있는 분사 시스템을 구축하고자 한다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.73-85
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• 1999

When typhoons passed around the Korea Strait, some observation in this strait carried out by Mizuno et al. (1986) gives us the following oceanographic features; 1) the direction of the observed current was opposite to the northeasterly wind, 2) temperature rapidly increased having a time lag as the depth deepens, after then decreased with oscillation. A primitive equation ocean model that makes use of a sigma-coordinate system and incorporates a typhoon model was used to examine the mechanism to generate these phenomena. The model region covers the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, and a portion of the East Sea (Japan Sea). The model well reproduces the observed features, especially in temperature field, and clearly manifests how the above observed features happened. From early time when the typhoon was located in low latitude, an alongshore northward current in the west of Kyushu (hereafter the West Kyushu Current) is generated by an alongshore wind in the typhoon. This current flows into the eastern channel, as a coastal jet, regardless to the wind field within the Korea Strait during this period. The above observed phenomena are generated by this current. The model results indicate that when typhoons pass around the Korea Strait, the West Kyushu Current is generated, and oceanographic condition in the strait should be greatly influenced by this current.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2008

We developed a three dimensional Navier-Stokes code based on the level set method to simulate two phase flows with high density ratio. The Navier-Stokes equations with consideration of the surface tension effects are solved by using SIMPLE algorithm on a non-staggered grid. The present code is validated by simulating two test problems. First one is to simulate a rising bubble inside a cube. The thickness of the interface of the bubble is shown to affect the pressure distribution around the interface. As the thickness decreases, the pressure field around the interface becomes more oscillatory. As the bubble rises, a ring vortex is shown to form around the interface and the bubble eventually develops into an ellipsoidal shape. Merge of two bubbles inside a container is secondly tested to show the robustness of the present code for two phase flow simulation. Numerical results show stable and reliable behavior during the process of merging of two bubbles. The velocity and pressure fields around the interface of bubbles are shown oscillation free during the merging of two bubbles.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.413-434
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• 2011

Without output covariance estimation, one reference-based Stochastic Subspace Technique (SST) for extracting modal parameters and flutter derivatives of bridge deck is developed and programmed. Compared with the covariance-driven SST and the oscillation signals incurred by oncoming or signature turbulence that adopted by previous investigators, the newly-presented identification scheme is less time-consuming in computation and a more desired accuracy should be contributed to high-quality free oscillated signals excited by specific initial displacement. The reliability and identification precision of this technique are confirmed by a numerical example. For the 3-DOF sectional models of Sutong Bridge deck (streamlined) and Suramadu Bridge deck (bluff) in wind tunnel tests, with different wind velocities, the lateral bending, vertical bending, torsional frequencies and damping ratios as well as 18 flutter derivatives are extracted by using SST. The flutter derivatives of two kinds of typical decks are compared with the pseudo-steady theoretical values, and the performance of $H_1{^*}$, $H_3{^*}$, $A_1{^*}$, $A_3{^*}$ is very stable and well-matched with each other, respectively. The lateral direct flutter derivatives $P_5{^*}$, $P_6{^*}$ are comparatively more accurate than other relevant lateral components. Experimental procedure seems to be more critical than identification technique for refining the estimation precision.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.2304-2314
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• 1993

Natural convective flow and heat transfer in a two-dimensional square enclosure fitted with a horizontal partition are investigated numerically. The enclosure was composed of the lower hot and the upper cold horizontal walls and the adiabatic vertical walls, and a partition was situated perpendicularly at the one vertical insulated wall. The governing equations are solved by using the finite element method with Galerkin method. The computations were carried out with the variations of length, position and thermal conductivity of the partition, and Rayleigh number based on the temperature difference between two horizontal walls and the enclosure height with water(Pr=4.95). As the results, an oscillatory motion of natural convection is resulted in a sudden rise of overall heat transfer, but the increase of length of partition is significantly restrained the increase of Nusselt number. The maximum heat transfer was shown just before the transition of the direction of oscillating flow. An oscillatory motion of flow was perfectly shown the stability with the decrease of the length of partition and Rayleigh number. Also, the heat transfer was raised with the increase of the thermal conductivity in proportion to the increase of the length of partition. The stability and oscillation of flow are affected by the position of partition.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.2294-2303
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• 1993

This paper investigated the characteristics of the turbulent incompressible flow past the orifice ring in an axi-symmetric pipe. The flow field was the turbulent pulsatile flow for Reynolds number of $2{\times}10^{5}$ which was defined based on the maximum velocity and the pipe diameter at the inlet, with oscillating frequence $(f_{os})=1/4{\pi}$ which was considered as quasi-steady state frequence. In the present investigation, finite analytic method was used to solve the governing equations in Navier Stokes and turbulent transport formulations. Particularly at high Reynolds number and low oscillation frequency, the effects of orifice ring on the flow were numerically investigated. The separation zone behind the orifice ring during the acceleration phase was found to be decreased. However, during the deceleration phase, the separation behind the orifice ring for pulsatile flow continuously grow to a size even larger than that in steady flow. The pressure drop in steady flow was found to be constant and always positive while for pulsatile flow the pressure drop change with time. And large turbulent kinetic energy, dissipation rate were found to be located in the region where the flow passes through the orifics ring. The maximum turbulent kinetic energy, generally occurs along the shear layer where the velocity gradient is large.