• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.341-346
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• 2004

Motion of a bubble inside narrow tube is numerically studied. The numerical code assumes axi-symmetric incompressible flow field. The surface of the bubble is captured by VOF (Volume Of Fluid) method, and it is advected by MARS (Multiphase Advection and Reconstruction Scheme). Air bubble inside water is first studied, and it was found that a strong vortex, which is induced by the pressure difference caused by the surface tension, is formed at the rear part of the bubble. Then flow parameters are parametrically varied to understand the correlation between the bubble shape, the bubble velocity, and the flow parameters. The parametric study revealed that the aspect ratio of the bubble mainly depends on We number, and the oscillation of the bubble speeds is dependent on Re number.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.551-555
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• 2010

Electrowetting is a versatile tool to handle tiny droplets and forms a backbone of digital microfluidics. Numerical analysis is necessary to fully understand the dynamics of electrowetting, especially in designing electrowetting-based devices, such as liquid lenses and reflective displays. We developed a numerical method to analyze the general contact-line problems, incorporating dynamic contact angle models. The method is based on the conservative level set method to capture the interface of two fluids without loss of mass. We applied the method to the analysis of spreading process of a sessile droplet for step input voltages and oscillation of the droplet for alternating input voltages in electrowetting. The result was compared with experimental data. It is shown that contact line friction significantly affects the contact line motion and the oscillation amplitude. The pinning process of contact line was well represented by including the hysteresis effect in the contact angle models. In level set method, in the mean time, material properties are made to change smoothly across an interface of two materials with different properties by introducing an interpolation or smoothing scheme. So far, the weighted arithmetic mean (WAM) method has been exclusively adopted in level set method, without complete assessment for its validity. We viscosity, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and permittivity, can be an alternative. I.e., the WHM gives more accurate results than the WAM method in certain circumstances. The interpolation scheme should be selected considering various characteristics including type of property, ratio of property of two fluids, geometry of interface, and so on.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.72 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2019

The underlying mechanism of the wind-induced vibration of the hangers of the suspension bridges is still not fully understood at present and hence is comprehensively examined in this study. More specifically, a series of field measurements on the No. 2 hanger of the Xihoumen Bridge was first carefully conducted. Large amplitude vibrations of the hanger were found and the oscillation amplitude of the leeward cable was obviously larger than that of the windward cables. Furthermore, the trajectory of the leeward cable was close to an ellipse, which agreed well with the major characteristics of wake-induced vibration. Then, a theoretical model for the wake-induced vibration based on a 3-D continuous cable was established. To obtain the responses of the leeward cable, the finite difference method (FDM) was adopted to numerically solve the established motion equation. Finally, numerical simulations by using the structural parameters of the No. 2 hanger of the Xihoumen Bridge were carried out within the spatial range of $4{\leq}X{\leq}10$ and $0{\leq}Y{\leq}4$ with a uniform interval of ${\Delta}X={\Delta}Y=0.25$. The results obtained from numerical simulations agreed well with the main features obtained from the field observations on the Xihoumen Bridge. This observation indicates that the wake-induced vibration might be one of the reasons for the hanger oscillation of the suspension bridge. In addition, the effects of damping ratio and windward cable movement on the wake-induced vibration of the leeward cable were numerically investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.6_2
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• pp.801-808
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• 2021

In this paper, a numerical analysis was conducted on the effect of the flow control valve of a oscillation water column(OWC) type wave power generator turbine. The OWC wave power turbine operates with compressed air in the air chamber according to the change of wave height. When the wave height changes rapidly, a flow control valve is required due to overload of the turbine and reduced efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, a flow control valve with an opening angle of 60 degrees was installed in the front of the turbine, and the pressure drop, torque, and overall performance were calculated according to the change of turbine RPM and flow rate of turbine inlet. In conclusion, the flow control valve with an opening angle of 60 degrees affects when the turbine rotates at low rotation and the inlet flow rate is large. But it does not have a significant effect on overall turbine performance and it is necessary to find the optimal angle in the future works.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2015

The present study numerically investigates the effect of shield on the flow characteristics of Hartmann whistle. The flow characteristics of un-shielded Hartmann whistle are compared with whistles of different shield heights 15 mm, 17 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm. The comparison of Mach number contours and transient velocity vectors of shielded Hartmann whistles with un-shielded ones for the same conditions reveal that the presence of shield causes the exiting jet to stick to the wall of the shield without causing spill-over around the cavity inlet, thus sustaining the shock oscillation as seen in the unshielded Hartmann whistle, which has intense flow/shock oscillation and spill-over around the cavity mouth. The velocity vectors indicate jet regurgitance in shielded whistles showing inflow and outflow phases like un-shielded ones with different regurgitant phases. The sinusoidal variation of mass flow rate at the cavity inlet in un-shielded Hartmann whistle indicates jet regurgitance as the primary operating mode with large flow diversion around the cavity mouth whereas the non-sinusoidal behavior in shielded ones represent that the jet regurgitance is not the dominant operating mode. Thus, this paper sufficiently demonstrates the effect of shield in modifying the flow/shock oscillations in the vicinity of the cavity mouth.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.112-117
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• 2004

This work is on numerical and experimental studies on the new type igniter using aerodynamic energy. The aerodynamic igniter consists of a nozzle and a resonance tube. The supersonic jet from a nozzle coming into the resonance tube generates pressure oscillation between the nozzle and the resonator. This oscillation changes the kinetic energy to thermal energy in the resonator under a certain condition. In this study, sonic and supersonic nozzles were tested in two different resonators, results has been compared. And geometrical optimum values of a supersonic nozzle has been suggested to reduce aerodynamic loss and friction in the expanded surface of the nozzle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.2397-2408
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• 1996

A numerical study was made of the control of transient oscillatory flow modes in Czochralski convection. The reduction of temperature oscillation was achieved by changing the rotation rate of crystal rod, .OMEGA.$_{S}$=.OMEG $A_{S0}$(1+ $A_{S}$sin(2.pi. $f_{S}$/ $t_{p}$t)). The temporal behavior of oscillation flow was scrutinized over broad ranges of two parameters, i.e., the rotation amplitude( $A_{S}$.leq.0.5) and the nondimensional frequency (0.9.leq. $f_{S}$.leq.1.5). The mixed convection parameter was ranged 0.225.leq.Ra/PrR $e^{2}$.leq.0.929, which encompassed the buoyancy-and forced-dominant convection regimes. Computational results revealed that the temperature oscillations could be reduced effectively by a proper adjustment of the control parameters. The uniformity of temperature distribution near the crystal rod was examined. The control of oscillatory flow modes was also made for a realistic, low value of Pr.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.209-212
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• 2006

Insect and birds in nature flap their wings to generate fluid dynamic forces that are required for the locomotion. Most of the previous published papers discussed mainly on the effect of flapping parameters such as flapping frequency and amplitude on the thrust at a fixed Reynolds number. However, it is not much known on the values of the flapping parameters that the flapping wing requires to generate the thrust at the low Reynolds number flow. In this paper, the onset of the thrust generation is investigated using the lattice Boltzmann method. The wake patterns and velocity profiles behind a flat plate in heaving oscillation are investigated for the heaving amplitude of 0.5C. The time-averaged thrust coefficient value is investigated by changing the reduced frequency from 0.125 to 3.0 for three values of heaving amplitude (h/C=0.25, 0.325, 0.50). It is also found that the critical Strouhal number over which the flat plate starts to produce the thrust is around 0.1 and the thrust is an exponential function of the Strouhal number.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2003

In the present investigation, the nonlinear dynamic buckling of a curved plate subjected to sinusoidal loading is examined. By the theoretical analyses, a highly nonlinear snap-through motion of a clamped-free-clamped-free plate and its effect on the overall vibration response are investigated. The problem is reduced to that of a single degree of freedom system with the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure. The resulting nonlinear governing equation is solved using Runge-Kutta (RK-4) numerical integration method. The snap-through boundaries, which vary with different damping coefficient and linear circular frequency of the flat plate are studied and given in terms of force and displacement. The relationships between static and dynamic responses at the start of a snap-through motion are also predicted. The analysis brings out various characteristic features of the phenomenon, i.e. 1) small oscillation about the buckled position-softening spring type motion, 2) chaotic motion of intermittent snap-through, and 3) large oscillation of continuous snap-through motion crossing the two buckled positions-hardening spring type. The responses of buckled plate were found to be greatly affected by the snap-through motion. Therefore, better understanding of the snap-through motion is needed to predict the full dynamic response of a curved plate.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.679-682
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• 2002

Energy dissipations in a general PHE flow are the compounded effects of the piled corrugate geometries and its wall pressure and temperature distributions. In addition, although the exchangers are substantial pieces of engineering equipment, they are composed of a very large number of nominally identical and small geometrical elements. In the present numerical study, the three-dimensionally complicated energy dissipation fields and those wall-shape-induced flow destabilization are investigated in the cross-corrugated passages, which result in high energy transports with comparatively low pressure drop. We revealed the critical conditions as $Re=157.3 for the wall-shape-induced flow destabilization in a general PHE element by initial value method, or shooting method, and compare its value to that of analytical solution of plane Poiseille flow, two-dimensional grooved flow and so on. We also observed the detailed variation of flow field and energy transportation with changes in time and flow variables such as Reynolds number. Lastly, we considered the flow natural frequency, or Strouhal number, with variation of hydrodynamic conditions for the best use of active control, such as forced mass flow rate pulsative flow, to enhance energy transportation.