• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 1979

This study seeks to find optimum conditions for the heating schedule of the Diopside-Devitrite system, to find the amounts and the kinds of nucleus which effect the crystal growth and forming nucleus. Generally, crystallization in the glass depends on the number of nucleus growing in the internal system and the rate of crystal growth. In order to obtain homogeneous polystalline phae, Diopside as MgO source and $ZrO_2$.$P_2O_5$, $TiO_2$, NaF, $CaF_2$ as nucleating agents were added to the $Na_2O$.CaO.$6SiO_2$ glass. The results obtained were Summarized as follows. 1) Optimum Batch Composition of base glass is 76.82 wt.% $SiO_2$, 5.84 wt.% CaO, 4.54 wt.% MgO and 9.80 wt.% $Na_2O$. 2) Best heating schedule.140$0^{\circ}C$(Melting)coolinglongrightarrow95$0^{\circ}C$reheatinglongrightarrow$1100^{\circ}C$coolinglongrightarrowRoom Temp. 3) The optimum amounts of $ZrO_2$.$P_2O_5$, $TiO_2$ and $CaF_2$ are 3wt.% and that of NaF is 4 wt.% as a nucleating agents.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.56-68
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• 2001

Objective : Functional brain mapping study on acupuncture stimulation using the [14C]2-deoxyglucose([14C]2-DG) autoradiography provides quantitative data and visualized pathway in central nervous system(CNS). We aimed to investigate the neural pathway and spatial distribution of metabolic activity elicited in CNS on electroacupuncture stimulation using [14C]2-DG autoradiography. Methods : The study were divided into three groups by stimulation times. 45-mins stimulation group according to Sokoloffs method, 5-mins stimulation group according to Duncun's method, and 15-mins stimulation group. ;A venous catheter was equipped into right jugular vein. The rats (Sprague-Dawley rats, 230-260g) were kept fastened loosely on a holding platform without anesthesia. Electroacupuncture stimulation (5 ms, 2 Hz, 1~3 mA) were applied on the left Zusanli (ST36) acupoint and [14C]2-DG ($25{\mu}Ci/rat$) injection was performed through the catheter. After sacrifice, the brain and the spinal cord were made to sections for film image. The film images were digitalized as the isotope concentration based upon comparison of optical densities with that of the standards and normalized by the optical density of corpus callosum. Results : 1. 15-mins stimulation group was most effective among 3 experiments. 2. On 15-mins stimulation group, medial geniculate nucleus, intetpeduncular nucleus intermedius, ventral periolivary nucleus, caudal periolivary nucleus, medial superior olive, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, including hypothalamic arcuate nucleus were increased by more than 25% (at least, p<0.05) by electroacupuncture stimulation. 3. Especially, the metabolism in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus was increased by 90% (p<0.05). 4. The fact that arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus might play a role of interconnection area between ascending and descending pathway of acupuncture stimulation was demonstrated visually. Conclusions : Advanced study on electroacupuncture stimulation elicited significant increase of metabolic activity in various nuclei of hypothalamus will provide the important experimental basis in research of the relationship between electroacupuncture stimulation and internal visceral functions.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1998년도 The 12th Symposium on Plant Biotechnology Vol.12
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• pp.61-70
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• 1998

Genome and chromosome analyses in plants using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immuno-staining (IMS) methods are reviewed by presenting the recent results obtained by the Chromosome Link, a group of chromosome and genome researchers. FISH is now effective to detect unique nucleotide sequences with 153 bp on the extended DNA fibers. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) also allows painting plant chromosomes of different genomes. GISH is quite effective to detect the genomic differentiation in the individual chromosomes within a nucleus. Three dimensional (3D) analyses are now available by confocal microscopy and a deconvolution system. These techniques are invaluable to visualize both the structural and functional dynamics within a nucleus. 3D-FISH revealed the spatial differentiation of different genomees within a nucleus. 3D-FISH also proved structural partition of centromeric and telomeric domains within a barely nucleus. The dynamic acetylation of histone H4 at the specific regions of a genome during a cell cycle is also analyzed using 3D-IMS. It is anticipated that these methods will provide us powerful tools to understand the structural and functional significance of plant chromosomes and genomes.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 1991

Two types of aggressive behavior were produced by selective breeding in ICR mimce. NC900 line mice exhibited high level of species-typical, isolation-induced aggression, conversely, NC100 line mice exhibited little aggression. The present study tested the hypothesis that these differences involved brain monoamine systems. Comparisons of microdissected samples from various brain regions showed that NC100 line mice had significantly lower concentrations of dopamine. DOPAC and HVA in the nucleus accumbens (NAB) and caudate nucleus (NCU) than NC900 line. Homogenate binding studies demonstrated that NC100 mice had significantly increased density of $D_1$ dopamine receptor, but not $D_2$ dopamine receptor in the caudate nucleus. These results support the hypothesis that central dopamine pathways play an important role in modulating the genetically selected differences in aggressive behavior, and of which intensity differs from TEX>$D_1$\;and\;$D_2$ dopamine receptors.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2004

Nuclear DNA contents of spermatia from eight ceramiacean and four dasyacean algae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) and microspores from two land plants were estimated by fluorescence microscopic image processing and their nuclear SSU rDNA sequence data were analyzed. In frequency distribution patterns, the DAPI-stained nuclear volume (NV) of spermatia showed two peaks corresponding to 1C and 2C. Nuclear 2C DNA contents estimated from NV were 0.45-2.31 pg in ceramiacean and 0.40-0.57 pg in dasyacean algae and 8.42-9.51 pg in two land plants, Capsicum annuum and Nicotiana tabacum. By nuclear patterning of vegetative cells derived from an apical cell, 2C DNA contents of spermatia were 2.31 pg in an alga having uninucleate and non-polyploid nucleus (Aglaothamnion callophyllidicola), 0.45-1.94 pg in algae having uninucleate and polyploid nucleus (Antithamnion spp. and Pterothamnion yezoense), and 0.40-0.62 pg in algae having multinucleate and non-polyploid nuclei (Griffithsia japonica and dasyacean algae). Each mature spermatium and microspore (pollen grain) seemed to have a 2C nucleus, which may provide a genetic buffering system to protect the genetic content of a spermatium and microspore from potentially lethal mutations. Nuclear DNA content and SSU rDNA sequence of Antithamnion sparsum from Korea were reasonably different from those of Antithamnion densum from France. The data did not support the previous taxonomic studies that these two taxa could be conspecific.

• 대한약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약리학회 2006년도 The 6th Congress of the Federation of Asian and Oceanian Physiological Societies
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• pp.116.2-116.2
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2009

Objective : While many factors contribute to aging, changes in calcium homeostasis and calcium related neuronal processes are likely to be important. High intracellular calcium is toxic to cells and alterations in calcium homeostasis are associated with changes in calcium-binding proteins, which confine free $Ca^{2+}$. We therefore assayed the expression of the calcium binding proteins calretinin and calbindin in the central auditory nervous system of rats. Methods : Using antibodies to calretinin and calbindin, we assayed their expression in the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary nucleus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body and auditory cortex of young (4 months old) and aged (24 months old) rats. Results : Calretinin and calbindin staining intensity in neurons of the cochlear nucleus was significantly higher in aged than in young rats (p<0.05) The number and staining intensity of calretinin-positive neurons in the inferior colliculus, and of calbindin-positive neurons in the superior olivary nucleus were greater in aged than in young rats (p<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that auditory processing is altered during aging, which may be due to increased intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration, consequently leading to increased immunoreactivity toward calcium-binding proteins.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.831-841
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• 2001

Objective : Somatosensory evoked potentials(SSEPs) have been used widely both experimentally and clinically to monitor the function of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Studies of SSEPs have reported the various recording techniques and patterns of SSEP. The previous SSEP studies used scalp recording electrodes, showed mean vector potentials which included relatively constant brainstem potentials(far-field potentials) and unstable thalamocortical pathway potentials(near-field potentials). Even in invasive SSEP recording methods, thalamocortical potentials were variable according to the kinds, depths, and distance of two electrodes. So they were regarded improper method for monitoring of upper level of brainstem. The present study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of somatosensory evoked field potentials(SSEFPs) of the cerebral cortex that evoked by hindlimb stimulation using ball electrode and the pathways of SSEFP by recording the potentials simultaneously in the cortex, VPL nucleus of thalamus, and nucleus gracilis. Methods : In the first experiment, a specially designed recording electrode was inserted into the cerebral cortex perpendicular to the cortical surface in order to recording the constant cortical field potentials and SSEFPs mapped from different areas of somatosensory cortex were analyzed. In the second experiment, SSEPs were recorded in the ipsilateral nucleus gracilis, the contralateral ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus(VPL), and the cerebral cortex along the conduction pathway of somatosensory information. Results : In the first experiment, we could constantly obtain the SSEFPs in cerebral cortex following the transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the hind limb, and it revealed that the first large positive and following negative waves were largest at the 2mm posterior and 2mm lateral to the bregma in the contralateral somatosensory cortex. The second experiment showed that the SSEPs were conducted by way of posterior column somatosensory pathway and thalamocortical pathway and that specific patterns of the SSEPs were recorded from the nucleus gracilis, VPL, and cerebral cortex. Conclusion : The specially designed recording electrode was found to be very useful in recording the localized SSEFPs and the transcutaneous electrical stimulation using ball electrode was effective in evoking SSEPs. The characteristic shapes, latencies, and conduction velocities of each potentials are expected to be used the fundamental data for the future study of brain functions, including the hydrocephalus model, middle cerebral artery ischemia model, and so forth.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the antinociceptive effects of ginsenosides on toothache. c-Fos immunoreactive (IR) neurons were examined after noxious intrapulpal stimulation (NS) by intrapulpal injection of 2 M KCl into upper and lower incisor pulps exposed by bone cutter in Sprague Dawley rats. The number of Fos-IR neurons was increased in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) and the transitional region between Vc and subnucleus interpolaris (Vi) by NS to tooth. The intradental NS raised arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). The number of Fos-IR neurons was also enhanced in thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPMN) and centrolateral nucleus (CLN) by NS to tooth. The intradental NS increased the number of Fos-IR neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), central cardiovascular regulation centers. Ginsenosides reduced the number of c-Fos-IR increased by NS to tooth in the trigeminal Vc and thalamic VPMN and CLN. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, did not block the effect of ginsenoside on the number of Fos-IR neurons enhanced by NS to tooth in the trigeminal Vc and thalamic VPMN and CLN. Ginsenosides ameliorated arterial BP and HR raised by NS to tooth and reduced the number of Fos-IR neurons increased by NS to tooth in the NTS, RVLM, hypothalamic SON, and PVN. These results suggest that ginsenosides have an antinociceptive effect on toothache through non-opioid system and attenuates BP and HR increased by NS to tooth.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.514-550
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• 1996

There are many theory in acupuncture mechanism, so we must know the detail contents. and then we can use the acupuncture as we know. the follow article will be helpful in this part. 1. Spinal cord are role in intermediate part in somatosensorypathway also in acupuncture stumulating tract 2. Acute pain pathway started in laminae I, V of gray colmn, next are the spinothalamic tract(trigeminal spinothalamic tract in above neck part) and then go to the specific thalamic nucleus. but chronic pain in laminae II, III, VI, VII, next are spinoreticular tract(trigeminal spinoreticular tract in the neck part) and finally to the nonspecific thalamic nucleus. 3. Thalamus is very important area in somatosensory stimuation including acupuncture stumulating sensory also as a pain control center. but except this, there are Hypothalamus, Limbic system Cerebral cortex and Cerebellum as intermediator. as we Know hypothalamus is related to the emotional analgesic system with a limbic system. 4. A ${\delta$ fiber has relationship in Acute, sharp and initial pain, contrary this C fiber is related with Chronic, dull and last pain. 5. In Acupuncture mechanism of pain analgesia, there are two theory, one is gate control theory as large fiber another is stimuation produced analgesia as small diameter fier. 6. In DNIC, the stimulation sources are mechanical, thermal, heating, pain and acupuncture stimulation etc. we call these as a Heterotopic Noxious Stimulation. 7. In DNIC, SRD(Subnucleus reticularis dorsalis)is core nucleus in pain imtermediated analgesic mechanism. 8. Takeshige insisted nonacupuncture point dependent analgesic mechanism and acupuncture point dependent analgesic mechanism. and protested that Stimulation acupuncture piing evoke blocking nomacupuncture point analgesic pathway.