• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.179-181
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• 2003

$F(ab`)_2$-ELISA and direct antigen coating-ELISA (DAC-ELISA) were evaluated in the detection of purified Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) and nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection in silkworm larvae inoculated with BmNPV polyhedra. Although nanogram levels of BmNPV was detected in both DAC- and $F(ab`)_2$-ELISA, similar concentrations of antigen was detected in case of F(ab’)$_2$-ELISA even at higher dilution of antibody (up to 1 : 20 K). One hundred percent nuclear polyhedrosis infection was detected 6 hrs after inoculation in BmNPV infected silkworm larvae by $F(ab`)_2$-ELISA. On the other hand, detection of 100% infection was observed only three days after inoculation in DAC-ELISA. In this study, it was observed $F(ab`)_2$-ELISA was more sensitive than DAC-ELISA in the detection of purified BmNPV as well as nuclear polyhedrosis infection in silkworm larvae.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.218-223
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• 1995

A nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from the oriental tobacco budworm larvae, Helicoverpa assulta (Guenee) was characterized by electron microscopy, SDS-PAGE, restriction endonuclease analysis and cross infectivity. The shape of a polyhedron was $1.0\mu\textrm{m}$ in average with icosahdral outline, and the virus particle was $65nm\times300nm$ in average with rod-shape. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus was contained a single nucleocapsid within a viral envelope embedded in a polyhedron. The polyhedral protein was composed of a single polypeptide with a M.W. of 31 Kd. The genome size of the virus by restriction endonuclease analysis was about 120 Kb. Among several nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from Helicoverpa assulta (HaNPV) and Autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) were infected the oriental tobacco budworm larvae.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• no.11
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• pp.59-62
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• 1970

Many a fine structures of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in Lepidoptera had been described by electron microscope. In the larva of Antheraea pernyi Guerin, the leading virus causing infectious disease in Korea is disclosed nuclear polyhedrosis virus, which embed bundles of virus particles in the molecular lattice of polyhedra protein. The number of virus particles within a bundle. is on the average four particles, which are enclosed in a intimate membrane closely surrounded with developing membrane. The bundles of four virus particlesare at random embedded in the polyhedra protein, which is originated from the so-called virogenic stroma of chromosom in the infected nuclear.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1991

Midgut cells of the dead Dendrolimus spectabilis larvae by infection of D. spectabilis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (DsNPV) were observed by transmission electron microscopy. DsNPV replicated in the nucleus of the infected midgut cells and the virogenic stroma of DsNPV appeared in the nucleus, from which nucleocapsids were formed. Also the formation of polyhedral inclusion bodies were observed in the nucleus.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.513-519
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• 1993

The alkaline protease in the polyhedra preparation of Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus was successfully inactivated by heating at 100C for 20 minutes. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that heat inactivated polyhedra is composed of major proteins of 31kDa and presumptive its polymer protein of 62kDa. However, this polyhedra was converted into several smaller molecular weight proteins when treated with midgut juice, but not by treatment with heat-inactivated midgut juice.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2000

We cloned and characterized a very late expression factor 1 gene, vlf-1, which regulates the level of very late gene transcripts, from Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) K1 strain. The 1,140 bp vlf-1 has an open reading frame of 379 amino acid and a MW of 44 kDa. The vlf-1 nucleotide sequence of BmNPV-Kl showed high homology with Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and BmNPV T3 strain so far known, and its deduced amino acid residues were identical to those of BmNPV T3. The location of vlf-1 in the BmNPV-Kl genome was confirmed by Southern blot analysis and its expression patterns at the transcriptional level were confirmed by Northern hybridization analysis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.406-413
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• 1993

This study was performed to produce monoclonal antibodies to the major polyhedral inclusion body (PIB) antigen of the occluded form of Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HcNPV). PIB proteinS were purfied from the Spodoptera frugiperda cell infected with HcNPVs. Using the purified PIB protein, BALB/C mice were immunized 3 times with 2 weeks intervals. The spleen were removed and fused with Sp2/0-Ag14, mouse myeloma cells.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 1998

To construct transformed Bm5 cells, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV)IE1 gene, an immediate early viral gene was firstly used in this study. AcNPV IE1 gene, which shares on 95.3% uncleotide sequence homology with Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) IE1 gene, was isolated and cloned into pBluescript. Neomycin gene from pKO-neo was inserted under the control of the IE1 promoter to yield pAcIE1-neo. The plasmid pAcIE1-neo was transfected into Bm5 or Sf9 cells, and neomycin-resistant cells were selected in TC100 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 mg/$m\ell$ G418 for two weeks. Individual clones were picked and each was amplified for further characterization. The genomic DNA from neomycin-resistnt cells was isolated and characterized by PCR using AcNPV IE1 gene-specific primers and by Southern blot analysis using neomycin gene probe. We concluded that AcNPV IE1 gene was functional in B. moridrived Bm5 cells as well as Spodaptera frugiperda-derived Sf9 cells to produce stably-transformed insect cells.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.60-62
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• 1998

To understand expression of some early and late genes of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) in the B. mori-derived BmN cell line, the transcripts were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction with synthetic primers. After infection, the transcript of early genes, which include p35, IE1 and helicase p143, was immediately detected in the infected cells. In addition, the transcript of late genes, which include p10 and polyhedrin, was also detected in just-infected cells. In conclusion, our results revealed that transcripts of early and late genes of BmNPV are immediately expressed from the cells after infection.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.228-231
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• 1996

To produce Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SeNPV) using S. exigua larvae, the efficiency of the in vivo production was analysed by larval instar, inoculum and mortality. The results revealed that the mortality of 4th instar larvae inoculated with 1.OX 10' EIBs per ml was 86.7% and the yields of SeNPV was maximal, demonstrating that 4th instar larvae inoculated with 1 . 0l~o6 PIBs per ml were effective to mass production of SeNPV.